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Reliability 1-1

Reliability refers to the consistency and accuracy of a measurement instrument. There are several attributes and methods used to measure reliability, including stability over time (test-retest), equivalence between raters (interrater), and internal consistency of items (split-half method). Common formulas are used to calculate reliability coefficients, with higher values indicating stronger reliability. Reliability is important for instruments to produce reproducible results.

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32 views

Reliability 1-1

Reliability refers to the consistency and accuracy of a measurement instrument. There are several attributes and methods used to measure reliability, including stability over time (test-retest), equivalence between raters (interrater), and internal consistency of items (split-half method). Common formulas are used to calculate reliability coefficients, with higher values indicating stronger reliability. Reliability is important for instruments to produce reproducible results.

Uploaded by

Nivedita Charan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RELIABILITY

DEFINITION:

 Reliability
 
is the degree of consistency and accuracy with
which an instrument measures the attribute for which it is
designed to measure.
 Reliability is defined as the ability of an instrument to
create reproducible results.
ATTRIBUTES OF RELIABILITY

 STABILITY
 INTERNAL CONSISTENCY
 EQUIVALENCE
MEASURING OF RELIABILITY

Stability Equivalence
Internal consistency

Split-half
Test-retest Repeated method Inter-rater Alternate
method observation reliability form
TEST-RETEST METHOD
Karl pearson’s correlation coefficient formula:

𝑵 ∑ 𝑿𝒀 − ( ∑ 𝑿 ) ( ∑ 𝒀 )
𝒓=
√𝑵 ∑ 𝑿 𝟐
−(∑ 𝑿
𝟐
)√ 𝑵 ∑ 𝒀 𝟐
−( ∑ 𝒀 )
𝟐

In the above formula r= correlation coefficient, N= number of pairs of


scores, sum of the products of paired scored, sum of X scores, sum of y
scores, =sum of squared x scores, and = sum of squared Y scores.
The preferred index is intraclass corelation coefficient(ICC).
Interpretation of result in test retest reliability:

 Result of reliability ranges from -1.0 through 0.0 upto +1.0

Value of -1.0 signifies strong negative correlation


When 0.0 signifies no reliability
And +1.0 indicates strong positive correlation/ perfect reliability
Above 0.70 indicate the acceptable reliability
Above 0.80 score indicate desirable reliability.
 One major concern with this reliability is memory effect.
Repeated observation:

 The measurement of the variable is repeated overtime


and the results at each measurement time are expected
to be very similar.
Split-Half Method:

Formula:2 𝐫=
∑ (𝐱 − 𝐱 ) (𝐲 − 𝐲)
√∑ ( 𝐱 − 𝐱 ) − ∑ ( 𝐲 − 𝐲 )
𝟐 𝟐

𝟏 𝟐𝒓
Entire test reliability: 𝒓 =
𝟏+𝒓
Where r=the correlation coefficient computed on
the split-halves with formula 2 and =the estimated
reliability of entire test.
CRONBACH’S ALPHA FORMULA:

Where
 r= the estimated reliability
 K= the total number of item in the test
 the varience of each individual item;
 =the variance of the total test score
 =the sum of
INTERRATER/INTEROBSERVER
RELIABILITY:

 r=
 The preferred index is Cohen’s kappa.
Alternate form

 This test using alternate forms of paper and pencil tests


consisting of two sets of similar questions designed to measure
the same trait is called alternate form testing.
 The two tests are based on similar content but the individual
items are different.
Ex: ‘I am able to tell my partner how I feel’
‘My partner tries to understand my feeling’

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