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    Lecture 3 - The Cell Structure The Cell Organelles 2

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    This document summarizes several key cell organelles. It begins by stating that organelles allow cells to function properly and most can only be seen with an electron microscope. It then discusses the cell wall, which provides protection and structure in plant cells. The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is selectively permeable and controls movement of substances in and out of the cell. The cytoplasm is a water-like matrix that suspends organelles. The nucleus contains genetic material and controls cell functions. The cytoskeleton maintains cell shape and transports vesicles. Centrioles form spindle fibers during cell division. Vesicles and vacuoles store and transport substances or hold waste.

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    Lecture 3 - The Cell Structure The Cell Organelles 2

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    This document summarizes several key cell organelles. It begins by stating that organelles allow cells to function properly and most can only be seen with an electron microscope. It then discusses the cell wall, which provides protection and structure in plant cells. The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is selectively permeable and controls movement of substances in and out of the cell. The cytoplasm is a water-like matrix that suspends organelles. The nucleus contains genetic material and controls cell functions. The cytoskeleton maintains cell shape and transports vesicles. Centrioles form spindle fibers during cell division. Vesicles and vacuoles store and transport substances or hold waste.

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    Lecture 3 - The Cell Structure the Cell Organelles 2

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    This document summarizes several key cell organelles. It begins by stating that organelles allow cells to function properly and most can only be seen with an electron microscope. It then discusses the cell wall, which provides protection and structure in plant cells. The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is selectively permeable and controls movement of substances in and out of the cell. The cytoplasm is a water-like matrix that suspends organelles. The nucleus contains genetic material and controls cell functions. The cytoskeleton maintains cell shape and transports vesicles. Centrioles form spindle fibers during cell division. Vesicles and vacuoles store and transport substances or hold waste.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    20 views24 pages

    Lecture 3 - The Cell Structure The Cell Organelles 2

    Uploaded by

    f
    This document summarizes several key cell organelles. It begins by stating that organelles allow cells to function properly and most can only be seen with an electron microscope. It then discusses the cell wall, which provides protection and structure in plant cells. The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is selectively permeable and controls movement of substances in and out of the cell. The cytoplasm is a water-like matrix that suspends organelles. The nucleus contains genetic material and controls cell functions. The cytoskeleton maintains cell shape and transports vesicles. Centrioles form spindle fibers during cell division. Vesicles and vacuoles store and transport substances or hold waste.

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    You are on page 1of 24

    Lecture No (3)

    The Cell Structure


    Cell organelles I

    First Year=(2019-2020)=Biology.
    M.B.BS,B.D.S, B.PH,&M.LS
    Cell organelles
    there is a set of organelles within the cell that allow
    the cell to function properly.

    Most organelles can only be seen with an “electron


    microscope.
    The Eukaryotic cell
    (Animal cell ) & (plant Cell
    Cell Wall
    Extracellular structure surrounding plasma membrane
    Structure: a non-living secretion of the cell
    membrane, composed of cellulose.
      Function:
    1. Protection: from physical injury.
    2. Together with vacuole, provides skeletal support.
    Most commonly found in plant cells controls turgidity
    cell membrane
    The cell membrane called plasma membrane or
    plasma lemma). is a biological membrane that
    separates the interior of a cell from the
    outside environment..
    The cell membrane is selectively -permeable to ions
    and organic molecules and controls the movement of
    substances in and out of cells.
    Structure:
    It is made of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.
    proteins that span through the membrane and allow
    passage of materials.
    - Proteins are surrounded by a phospholipid bi-layer
    (hydrophobic fat-like molecules and hydrophilic
    phosphorus molecules, water-loving) .
    .
    Functions of plasma membrane :
    1. Connecting surfaces, bind cells together
    2. Selectively permeable to select chemicals that pass
    in and out of cells.
    Cell Membrane plasma membrane
    3. CYTOPLASM
    The cytoplasm is a matrix a water-like
    substance in which organelles are suspended .
    • Cytosol : is made up of water, salts, organic
    molecules and many enzymes that catalyze
    reactions.
    4- The Nucleus
    It contains most of the cell's genetic material. It
    consist of the following parts.

    (1) The Nuclear Membrane or nuclear envelop:


    It is a double membrane that encloses the entire
    organelle and separates its contents from the
    cellular cytoplasm. It is selectively permeable to
    control movement in or out through the
    numerous openings . Outer membrane continu-
    ous with rough ER.
    (2-) Nucleolus:
    Non-membrane -bound structure composed of
    proteins and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
    -A nucleolus is a site of synthesis of most of the
    ribosomal RNA and where ribosome assembly begins.

    (3-) Chromosomes:
    - Usually in the form of chromatin, contains genetic
    information composed of DNA,
    -It controls cell metabolism and heredity
    -Chromatin :thread-like strands of DNA form
    condensed bodies of chromosomes when nucleus
    starts to divide.

    (c) Nuclear pores:


    Are required to allow movement of molecules across
    the envelope.

    -The nucleus encloses jellylike nucleo- plasm


    5-Cytoskeleton
    -The cytoskeleton is a skeleton contained within the
    cytoplasm that is made out of protein.
    - Structure:

    It consists of three main kinds of filaments, which


    are:
    1. Microfilament.
    2. Intermediate filaments.
    3. Microtubules.
    Functions: Multiple
    1-Maintenance of cell-shape
    4-Plays important roles in intra-cellular transport (the
    movement of vesicles and organelles)
    6- anchoring organelles.

    .
    Cytoskeleton
    6- Centriole
    Paired cylindrical organelles near nucleus/
    Structure:
    Nine triplets of microtubules form one centriole,
    two centrioles form one centrosome.
    Function:
    Forms spindle fibers to separate chromosomes during
    cell division (involved in cellular division).
    CENTRIOLES
    Vesicles and vacuoles
    A vesicle is a small membrane-enclosed sack that can
    store or transport substances.
    Structure of vacules:
    a single layer of unit membrane enclosing fluid in a sack.
    Function :
    1-Produces turgor pressure against cell wall for support
    2-stores small molecules such as water, ions, sucrose, amino
    acids, enzymes and various chemicals may store insoluble
    wastes
    3-They can also hold waste products which will be slowly
    degraded.
    Vesicles
    THANKS

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