SCIENCE 9 (QUARTER 1)

LIVING THINGS AND THEIR

ENVIRONMENT
 Prayer
Lord
You know all things,
You can do all things and
You love as very much,
May everything we do begins with your inspiration
and ends with your saving grace
Amen
Our Mother of Perpetual Help
Pray for us
 Attendance Check

Which do you like better?

 SCIENCE 9 (QUARTER 1)
LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
Topic
Lesson 1: Respiratory System
 Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, learners should be able to…
• Identify the parts of the respiratory system,
• Describe the function of each parts of the respiratory
system,
• Describe the phases involved in human gas exchange,
and
• Trace the movement of oxygen from the lungs to the
body cells, and carbon dioxide from the body cells to
the lungs.
 Riddle Time

You cannot see or taste it,

yet it is real as land and water.
When it blows, you can feel it against your face.
You can also see its effect in drifting clouds,
quivering leaves, and pounding waves.
It can turn windmills and blow sailboats
across the sea. What is it?
 Try This:
Pinch your nose for 30 seconds.

• What did you feel while pinching your nose?

• What did you do after removing your hands?
• After doing the activity, do you think air is
important, Why?
 Breathing Exercise:

•What happens when we breathe

in and breathe out?
•What body system is
responsible for breathing?
 PART 1: PARTS AND FUNCTIONS
Five Functions of Respiratory System:
1. Inhalation and Exhalation Are Pulmonary
Ventilation—That’s Breathing.
2. External Respiration Exchanges Gases Between
the Lungs and the Bloodstream.
3. Internal Respiration Exchanges Gases Between
the Bloodstream and Body Tissues.
4. Air Vibrating the Vocal Cords Creates Sound.
5. Olfaction, or Smelling, Is a Chemical Sensation
Three Regions of the Respiratory System
Upper Respiratory Tract:
The upper respiratory system, or
upper respiratory tract, consists of
the nose and nasal cavity, the
pharynx, and the larynx. These
structures allow us to breathe and
speak. They warm and clean the air
we inhale: mucous membranes
lining upper respiratory structures
trap some foreign particles,
including smoke and other
pollutants, before the air travels
 Upper Respiratory Tract
Nose and Nasal Cavity:
• The nose detects odor molecules
and helps filter and warm the air we
inhale.
• The nasal cavities are chambers of
the internal nose. In front, the
nostrils, or nares, create openings to
the outside world. Air is inhaled
through the nostrils and warmed
as it moves further into the nasal
cavities.
 Upper Respiratory Tract
Nose and Nasal Cavity:
• The nasal conchae, scroll-shaped bones, create spaces for air to
circulate, humidify, warm, and clean before entering the lungs.
Epithelial cilia and mucous membrane line the cavities,
trapping unwanted particles. Filtered air exits the nasal cavities
into the nasopharynx.
 Upper Respiratory Tract:
Pharynx:
• The pharynx, or throat, is
shaped like a funnel.
During respiration, it
conducts air between the
larynx and trachea (or
“windpipe”) and the
nasal and the oral
cavities.
 Upper Respiratory Tract:
Pharynx: • The pharynx includes three regions:
• The nasopharynx is posterior to the
nasal cavity and serves only as a
passageway for air.
• The oropharynx lies posterior to the
oral cavity and contains the palatine
tonsils. Both air and ingested food
pass through the oropharynx and
through the laryngopharynx below.
• The laryngopharynx lies posterior to
the epiglottis and connects to the
larynx (superiorly) and the esophagus
(inferiorly). As we breathe, the
epiglottis stays up and air passes
freely between the laryngopharynx
and the larynx.
 Upper Respiratory Tract:
Larynx:
• The larynx connects the
lower part of the pharynx, the
laryngopharynx, to the
trachea.
• It keeps the air passages open
during breathing and
digestion and is the key organ
for producing sound.
 Upper Respiratory Tract:
Larynx: • This larynx is comprised of
nine cartilages. One, the
epiglottis, is a lifesaver:
Located on the posterior side
of the larynx, the epiglottis
closes like a trap door as we
swallow. This action steers
food down the esophagus and
away from the windpipe.
 Upper Respiratory Tract:
Larynx: • Inside the larynx are the vocal
folds (or true vocal cords),
which have elastic ligaments at
their core. When we speak,
yell, or sing, air coming up
from the lungs and trachea
vibrates the folds, producing
the sound.
Lower Respiratory Tract:
The lower respiratory system, or lower
respiratory tract, consists of the trachea,
the bronchi and bronchioles, and the
alveoli, which make up the lungs. These
structures pull in air from the upper
respiratory system, absorb the oxygen,
and release carbon dioxide in exchange.
Other structures, namely the thoracic
cage (or rib cage) and the diaphragm,
protect and support these functions.
 Lower Respiratory Tract:
The Trachea, or
"Windpipe", Is the Main
• Airway to the Lungs
The trachea is a tube less
than an inch in diameter,
covered by cartilaginous
rings. It extends from the
bottom of the larynx down
behind the sternum, until it
branches into smaller tubes,
the bronchi.
 Lower Respiratory Tract:
The Trachea, or
"Windpipe", Is the Main
• Airway
During toinhalation,
the Lungsair filtered
and warmed by the upper
respiratory system passes from
the pharynx and larynx into the
trachea, then down to the
bronchi and into the lungs.
Deoxygenated air from the lungs
passes back up through the
trachea during exhalation.
 Lower Respiratory Tract:
The Trachea, or
"Windpipe", Is the Main
• Airway to the Lungs
The cartilaginous rings support
the tube of the trachea and
prevent it from over-expanding
or from collapsing, like when
you suck on a straw too hard.
• They are C-shaped, with a gap
on the posterior side. This allows
the trachea to bend when the
esophagus presses against it as
food is swallowed.
Lower Respiratory Tract:

The Bronchi Are

Passageways That Bring
Air In and Out of the Lungs
• The tubes of the
primary bronchi
branch off from the
bottom of the trachea.
• Bronchioles are the
tiny tubes that sizes
like a twig.
 Lower Respiratory Tract:
The Lungs Are the Essential Organs of the
Respiratory System
• The lungs are responsible for gas exchange
between the air we breathe and our bodies.
• They are protected inside the thoracic cage.
• The left lung has two lobes and is slightly
smaller in volume than the right. It curves
in at the cardiac notch to accommodate the
heart.
• The right lung has three lobes. It is slightly
shorter, because the diaphragm muscle sits
higher below it to accommodate the liver.
 Lower Respiratory Tract:

The Lungs Are the Essential Organs of

the Respiratory System
• During inhalation, air flows into the
lungs through the bronchi and
bronchioles. Oxygen from the air is then
absorbed into the bloodstream: it passes
through millions of microscopic sacs, the
alveoli, into surrounding capillaries.
Carbon dioxide waste diffuses the
opposite way, from the capillaries to the
alveoli. The lungs expel the
deoxygenated air during exhalation.
 Lower Respiratory Tract:
External Respiration Takes Place
in the Alveoli
• Alveoli are microscopic air sacs served
by the bronchioles. Hundreds of
millions of alveoli exist inside each
lung.
• They are the terminal ends of the
respiratory tract and the sites of
external respiration—the exchange of
gases between the air and the
bloodstream.
• During inhalation, the alveoli fill with
air from the bronchioles.
 Lower Respiratory Tract:

The Diaphragm Provides the Muscle for Breathing

• The lungs sit atop the
diaphragm, a muscle that
forms the floor of the thoracic
cavity.
• The action of the diaphragm
is key to the physical process
of breathing.
 Lower Respiratory Tract:

The Diaphragm Provides the Muscle for Breathing

• During inhalation, the diaphragm
contracts and moves inferiorly,
toward the abdominal cavity.
This allows the volume of the
thoracic cavity and the lungs to
increase. It also explains why
your abdomen puffs out when
you take a deep breath.
 Lower Respiratory Tract:

The Diaphragm Provides the Muscle for Breathing

• During normal exhalation, the
diaphragm relaxes (along with
the external intercostal muscles).
The thoracic cavity and lungs
decrease, and air is expelled.
 PART 2: Sequencing Air Intake
Pretend that you’re a molecule of oxygen outside
someone’s nose. Drag the choices below to show the
sequence of structures that this molecule would pass
through as it made its way into your bloodstream and
your heart.

Link: (https://learn-biology.com/respiratory-system/)
 Quiz Time
I. Label the parts of the respiratory system. (10 pts)
 Quiz Time!

II. Short Essay. (5 pts)

Answer the question using three
sentences.
• What do you think will happen if you
have incomplete respiratory organ?
 Assignement
Identify one ailments or disease that is related to respiratory
system. Write its description, symptoms, prevention, and
treatment. Use the template provided. Write your answer on your
notebook.
 References:
Understanding the Respiratory System
(interactive tutorial). (n.d.). https://learn-
biology.com/respiratory-system/
Visible Body. (n.d.). Respiratory system | Learn
Respiratory Anatomy.
https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/respiratory
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