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    Lysosome

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    mir zaheeruddin
    Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found in animal cells that contain hydrolytic enzymes to break down polymers like proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. They were discovered in 1949 by Christian de Duve who observed them breaking down components in liver cells. Lysosomes are formed by budding from the trans-Golgi network and contain enzymes like nucleases, phosphatases, sulphatases, lipases, and proteases. Their functions include digesting material from outside the cell through endocytosis, digesting unwanted internal components, and breaking down the cell during apoptosis or injury.

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    Lysosome

    Uploaded by

    mir zaheeruddin
    46 views8 pages
    Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found in animal cells that contain hydrolytic enzymes to break down polymers like proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. They were discovered in 1949 by Christian de Duve who observed them breaking down components in liver cells. Lysosomes are formed by budding from the trans-Golgi network and contain enzymes like nucleases, phosphatases, sulphatases, lipases, and proteases. Their functions include digesting material from outside the cell through endocytosis, digesting unwanted internal components, and breaking down the cell during apoptosis or injury.

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    lysosome

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    Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found in animal cells that contain hydrolytic enzymes to break down polymers like proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. They were discovered in 1949 by Christian de Duve who observed them breaking down components in liver cells. Lysosomes are formed by budding from the trans-Golgi network and contain enzymes like nucleases, phosphatases, sulphatases, lipases, and proteases. Their functions include digesting material from outside the cell through endocytosis, digesting unwanted internal components, and breaking down the cell during apoptosis or injury.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    46 views8 pages

    Lysosome

    Uploaded by

    mir zaheeruddin
    Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found in animal cells that contain hydrolytic enzymes to break down polymers like proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. They were discovered in 1949 by Christian de Duve who observed them breaking down components in liver cells. Lysosomes are formed by budding from the trans-Golgi network and contain enzymes like nucleases, phosphatases, sulphatases, lipases, and proteases. Their functions include digesting material from outside the cell through endocytosis, digesting unwanted internal components, and breaking down the cell during apoptosis or injury.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    LYSOSOM

    E
    LYSOSOME
    INTRODUCTION
    Lysosomes are membrane enclosed organelles that contains a
    numbers of enzymes capable for breaking down some polymers
    like nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins etc. They are found in
    animal cell but in case of plant cell same performance is done by
    such organelles. That is called Lytic vacuoles. Lysosome is also
    known as ‘Suicidal Bag’
    HISTORY
    In 1949, Christian de Duve,( the chairman of the laboratory of
    Physiological Chemistry at the University of Louvain,
    Belgium discovered Lysosomes during studying how insulin
    acted on Liver cells
    ORIGIN
    Lysosomes are originated by budding off from the membrane
    of the trans-Golgi network (Actually the Golgi bodies are
    generated from the Endoplasmic Reticulumes. So, we can also
    call it indirectly that lysosomes are made from ER). One [art of
    Golgi body is responsible for sorting newly synthesized
    proteins which may be entitled to use in Lysosome.
    ENZYMES
    Inside lysosomes there are some enzymes(Hydrolytic)
    like-

    1. Nucleases:- It includes ribonuclease


    and deoxyribonuclease .
    2. Phosphatases:- It includes Acid phosphate
    3. Sulphatases:- Act on sulphate esters
    4. Lipases:- It includes Lipids
    5. Proteases:- It includes Protein
    6. Glycosidases:- It includes Beta-
    galactosidase, Beta-glucoronaidase
    Lysosome break down excess or worn-out cell parts. The may be used to destroy
    invading viruses and bacterias.

    POLYMORPHISM
    • Primary lysosome:- They are newly formed
    lysosome. The enzyme of primary lysosomes
    are synthesized by ribosomes
    • Secondary lysosome:- It is formed by fusion of
    primary lysosome with Phagosome. This process
    is known as phagocytosis
    • Autophagosome:- it is formed by the digestion of
    intracellular organelles, i.e. autophagy.
    • Residual Bodies:- They contained undigested
    material. It is formed when digestion is
    FUNCTIONS OF LYSOSOMES
    It has several functions such that-
    1. Extracellular digestion:- The primary lysosome secrete
    hydrolases by exocytosis process .The incomplete products of
    digestion are absorbed into cell by endocytosis. Digestion is
    then complete in secondary lysosome. It takes place during
    bone erosion process .
    2.Intracellular digestion:- It includes Autophagy
    and Hetarophagy.
    3.Hormone secretion:- Lysosomal hydrolysis are involved
    in the secretory activity of some cells. They function in
    modifying the products synthesized by the cell before secretion.
    4. Autolysis:- It is a process by which a self destructs due to injury to the cell or dying
    tissue. It occurs when a lysosome allows the digestive enzymes out of its membranes. For
    this, Lysosome is also known as ‘Suicidal Bag’. It happens in case of amphibian
    metamorphosis and also for incects.
    5. Chromosomal breaks:- It contains DNase which attacks DNA and causes
    chromosomal breaks and release hydrolases which can result structural abnormalities. It
    may cause of cancer.

    CONCLUSION
    Lysosome is a very important cell organelle. Their function is to break the biomolecules
    as they contains hydrolytic enzymes. But these enzyme sometimes is harmful also for
    cell, Lysosome shows autophagy activity that is the cause of cell death

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