APPENDICITIS

WACHEMO UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH

SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF SURGICAL NURSING
SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON
APPENDICITIS
09/09/2023 BY 4th YEAR SURGICAL NURSING 1
GROUP MEMBER
Name Id No
1.FIROMSA MOSISA 1201382
2.FEVEN MELLO 6878767
3.DAWIT ABIYE 6558558

APPENDICITIS
OUTLINE
Introduction
Definition
Epidemiology
Causes
Clinical features
Diagnosis

CONT…
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Complications

INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY OF GIT
The GIT tract is pathway (23-to-26 feet or 7-8 meter in
length) that extends from the mouth through the
esophagus, stomach and intestines to the anus.
It also includes organs that lie out side the digestive
tract i.e. pancreas, liver and gall bladder.

CONT…
 The large intestine: consists of
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
 The terminal portion of the large intestine consists of
two parts
Sigmoid colon
Rectum - is continuous with the anus

CONT…
 Cecum: is found in junction between the small and
large intestine.
 is located in the right lower portion of the abdomen.
The ileocecal valve is located at this junction.
The vermiform appendix is located near this junction.

DEFINTION
Appendix is a small, finger like appendage about
10 cm long that is attached to the cecum just
below the ileocecal valve
has no definite function
the appendix fills with food and empties
regularly in to the cecum
Because it empties inefficiently and its lumen is
small, the appendix is prone to obstruction and
is particularly vulnerable to infection.
CONT…
Appendicitis: It is an inflammation of the appendix.
Is the most common cause of acute inflammation in
the RLQ of abdominal cavity
Is the most common reason for emergency surgery.
 People consume a diet low in fiber and high in
refined carbohydrates are more liable

CONT…

EPIDEMIOLOGY
Appendicitis is most common between the ages of 5
and 40.
Appendicitis is one of the most frequent diagnoses for
emergency department visits resulting in
hospitalization among children ages 5– 17 years in the
United States
Adults presenting to the emergency department with
a known family history of appendicitis are more likely
to have this disease than those without.[

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
As a result of either becoming kinked or
occluded by a fecalith (hardened mass of
stool), tumor, or foreign body = the appendix
becomes inflamed and edematous.
The inflammation process increases
intraluminal pressure initiating a
progressively sever abdominal pain that
becomes localized in the RLQ of the
abdomen within a few hours.
CONT…
Eventually, the inflamed appendix fills with pus and
then is likely to perforate.

CAUSES
most commonly, calcified fecal deposits
foreign bodies
Trauma
lymphadenitis
Diet lower in fiber
Highly refined carbohydrate
Tumor
Gallstones

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
right lower quadrant pain and is usually accompanied
by a low-grade fever and nausea and vomiting
sometimes
Loss of appetite
Local tenderness noted in Mcburaey’s point. (Located
½ way b/n the umbilicus and the anterior spine of the
ileum)

CONT…
If the appendix is has ruptured, the pain becomes
more diffuse.
Abdominal distention develops as a result of paralytic
ileus
Constipation can also occur
In general, laxative or cathartic should never be given
while the person has fever nausea or pain

DIAGNOSIS
Patient hx
Lab studies particularly WBC count /elevated WBC
X-ray findings
 Physical examination

CONT…
 Tests of appendicitis
Rovsing’s sign:Pain in right lower quadrant on pressing
in the left lower quadrant
Rebound tenderness
Psoas sign:Pain on extension of the right flexed hip
Obturator sign:Pain on passive internal or external
rotation of the flexed right hip.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Intussusceptions
Mesenteric adenitis
Pelvic inflammatory disease (right salpingitis)
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
Twisted ovarian cyst( torsion)
Ruptured ovarian follicle

CONT…
Acute chlolecystitis
Perforated peptic ulcer disease
Renal or ureteric calculi
Urinary tract infection
Early small bowel obstruction (volvulus)
Gastroenteritis

MANAGEMENT
• 1) Supportive treatment
Correct fluid and electrolyte imbalance and DHN.
Antibiotics
 If surgery is undecided avoid analgesic
2) Surgery is indicated if appendicitis is diagnosed
/appendectomy/

COMPLICATIONS
The major complication of appendicitis is perforation
of the appendix, which can lead to peritonitis or
abscess.
Incidence of perforation is 10-32%
It generally occurs 24hrs after the onset of pain.
Symptoms include a fever of 37.7oC or higher, and
continued abdominal pain or tenderness.

PROGNOSIS
If you diagnosed and treated soon you can often heal
well
But if left untreated it may cause health issues can
even leads to death

THE END
THANK YOU!

APPENDICITIS

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WACHEMO UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH

09/09/2023 BY 4th YEAR SURGICAL NURSING 2

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