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    CDAYALO (Russia and China) (Autosaved)

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    Claudine Dayalo
    The educational systems of China and Russia share some similarities but also have differences. Both value education and trace their modern systems back to the 18th century with the establishment of universities. They also faced challenges transitioning to new learning modalities during the COVID-19 pandemic, utilizing online platforms and resources. However, China has a larger population and government funding for education, while teacher certification traditions differ between the two countries. Corruption and ensuring equal access to quality education also remain ongoing challenges.

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    CDAYALO (Russia and China) (Autosaved)

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    Claudine Dayalo
    8 views47 pages
    The educational systems of China and Russia share some similarities but also have differences. Both value education and trace their modern systems back to the 18th century with the establishment of universities. They also faced challenges transitioning to new learning modalities during the COVID-19 pandemic, utilizing online platforms and resources. However, China has a larger population and government funding for education, while teacher certification traditions differ between the two countries. Corruption and ensuring equal access to quality education also remain ongoing challenges.

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    CDAYALO (Russia and China) [Autosaved]

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    The educational systems of China and Russia share some similarities but also have differences. Both value education and trace their modern systems back to the 18th century with the establishment of universities. They also faced challenges transitioning to new learning modalities during the COVID-19 pandemic, utilizing online platforms and resources. However, China has a larger population and government funding for education, while teacher certification traditions differ between the two countries. Corruption and ensuring equal access to quality education also remain ongoing challenges.

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    8 views47 pages

    CDAYALO (Russia and China) (Autosaved)

    Uploaded by

    Claudine Dayalo
    The educational systems of China and Russia share some similarities but also have differences. Both value education and trace their modern systems back to the 18th century with the establishment of universities. They also faced challenges transitioning to new learning modalities during the COVID-19 pandemic, utilizing online platforms and resources. However, China has a larger population and government funding for education, while teacher certification traditions differ between the two countries. Corruption and ensuring equal access to quality education also remain ongoing challenges.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 47

    Educational

    System China
    and Russia

    Claudine D. Dayalo
    Reporter

    Dr. Cleo Jude Juaquin


    Course Facilitator
    INTRODUCTION People's
    Republic of China
    Region: East Asia. It is the
    world's most populous country.
    Population: 1.375 billion
    Capital: Beijing.
    Area: 9,597,000 sq km.
    Language: Mandarin
    Currency: Renminbi
    Legal Basis of Education in China
    Chapter III Schools and Other Educational Institutions
    Article 25 The state shall formulate plans for educational development and institute schools and other educational institutions.
    Article 26 The establishment of schools or other educational institutions shall be subject to the following requirements of availability:

    (1) organized institution and constitution;

    (2) qualified teachers;

    (3) teaching and learning rooms, facilities and equipment that meet the prescribed standards;

    (4) funds necessary for operation of the school and steady source of capital injection.

    Article 27 The establishment, change or termination of a school or other educational institution shall go through procedures of
    examination, approval, registration or record according to corresponding state stipulations.
    Historical and Cultural
    perspective of
    Education in China
    • Zhou Dynasty (1050-256 B.C.), established
    schools to educate sons of noble families
    • Teachers at those early government-run schools
    were government officials.
    • China refer to the Zhou dynasty schools as
    “schools run by officials for officials”
    • China valuing education and respecting teachers
    • Private schools ( 私学 ) did not appear in China
    until Confucius established them during the
    Spring and Autumn period (770-475 B.C.)
    • Confucius; “education was to
    cultivate “gentlemen”
    • There is a national holiday set
    aside to recognize teachers’
    contribution to society, called
    Teachers’ Day
    • A form of public education
    was established later by Han
    Dynasty
    • People from lower classes can
    get good education
    Philosophy in
    Education
    Educational philosophy in China during
    the 20th century started with the
    introduction of John Dewey's
    educational philosophy.
    Pragmatism – the purpose of education
    to be the cultivation of thoughtful,
    critically reflective, socially engage
    individuals rather than passive
    recipients.
    Confucianism
    The core of Confucian educational
    philosophy is how we learn to be
    human. To Confucius, lifelong
    learning enables human beings to
    realize and practice their true nature
    and live happily in and with the
    worlds of different kinds: universe,
    nature, society/other human beings,
    and inner self (Sun 2004).
    Goals of Education
    China’s broad education goals are:
    • 1) Establishing a modern education system
    • 2) Achieving universal attendance in quality pre-school education
    • 3) Providing high quality and balanced compulsory education (years 1 – 9)
    • 4) Achieving maximum attendance in senior high school (years 10 - 12)
    • 5) Significantly improving vocational education
    • 6) Building a more competitive higher education system
    • 7) Providing adequate education for disabled children/youth, and
    • 8) Establishing a new education management system with participation from the
    whole society (i.e. not solely relying on government support).
    Government Funds in Education
    In 2021, public spending
    on education in China
    reached 3.76 trillion yuan.
    Education expenditure
    increased continuously over
    recent years, but growth
    rates are considerably lower
    than ten years ago.
    Development of public
    spending on education
    • Unlike the United States and many
    other countries, China traditionally has
    Teacher had no system of teacher
    Education certification. It was assumed, rather,
    that teachers were qualified by the
    Program professional training they received in
    their teacher education program.
    Learning Modalities in the New Normal
    The COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020 is reported to have accelerated efforts
    towards these goals. Most schools and universities across China were due to begin
    the spring semester in late January/early February, but due to COVID-19, all face-
    to-face education was postponed. The MoE ordered “a suspension of school…not
    learning”.
    • 22 online education platforms consolidate resources to offer 24,000 online courses
    free of charge to Chinese higher education institutions from 2 February.
    • MoE launched a national cloud classroom platform for primary and secondary
    school students, enabling access to study materials via smart phone, computer or
    television.
    • students were doing home-based studies using online resources
    Problems and Challenges in Education
    Research Published
    Educational
    System in
    Russia
    Foundation of
    Education
    HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN RUSSIA

    Russia’s higher education system started with the


    foundation of the universities in Moscow and St.
    Petersburg in the middle of the 18th century. The
    system was constructed similar to Germany. In
    Soviet times, the population in Russia had at least
    a secondary education. The pursuit of higher
    education was and still considered to be very
    prestigious.
    Due in great part to demands of the international
    educational organizations, the system of
    education in Russia began to change over the
    past four to five years. Universities began
    transitioning to a system is similar to Britain and
    the USA: 4 years for the Bachelor’s degree and 2
    years for a Master’s degree.
    • Master’s degree The study for a master in Russia lasts 2 years, with
    one year of research and an education including practice and the
    defense of a thesis. The master’s degree allows students in Russia to
    apply for a PhD degree.
    • The Russian degrees are a Kandidate Nauk (literally Candidate of
    Science, now might be considered to be approximately equivalent to
    American PhD; a Doktor Nauk (literally Doctor of Science, is the
    highest degree now might be considered to be approximately
    equivalent to German Doctor habilitatus. Scientific positions in
    Russia
    Government Funds in Education

    In total, the government expended nearly 4.7 trillion


    Russian rubles on the educational sector in 2021. Looking
    at the average spending per student, the highest figure was
    recorded for higher education, at 393 thousand Russian
    rubles. That was equal to approximately 5.5 thousand U.S.
    dollars.
    Teacher Education Program
    • Teacher education in Russia in the early 21st century is a complex system of
    continuing teacher training which gives students a chance to enter the teaching
    profession through a number in different ways.
    • The main structural levels of the system of continuing teacher education in
    Russia are vocational training educational institutions funded by local
    governments (teacher training colleges), higher education institutions
    (specialized teacher training higher education institutions, classical universities,
    non-governmental [private] universities, non-pedagogical universities)
    • Teacher education in Russia determines the quality of professional training in
    all social spheres. In the early 21st century, graduates from teacher training
    universities have started working in different professional areas, including
    social, educational, cultural, and administrative fields.
    Learning Modalities in the New Normal
    • The new academic year is under way in Russia, and universities are facing
    the challenge of how to reopen to students as the coronavirus pandemic
    continues.

    • In Russia, universities closed in March when President Vladimir Putin


    announced a series of mandatory non-work days in the country. Since then,
    distance learning has been implemented, and college entrance exams were
    moved to a virtual format.

    • It is also worth noting that despite the major issues spotlighted by the
    pandemic, Russia’s response in the educational sphere has been about on par
    with that of other nations. Steps have been taken to allow international
    students to continue their education, both online and eventually in person.
    Problems and Challenges in Education
    • Russia has implemented reforms aimed at giving pupils an
    equal shot at a good education. But the introduction of
    centralized university entrance exams has so far failed to end
    corruption in the school system.
    • University education was mainly reserved for the offspring of
    urban, high-income families. Russians from rural areas had to
    get by with the equivalent of a high school diploma or
    vocational training.
    • But deeper and more serious problems in the educational
    system remain. Sergeyev notes that corruption is still prevalent,
    shifting away from the university admissions process but
    settling instead in secondary schools.

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