Types of Behavioral Therapy

APPLIED BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS:
• This branch of psychology focuses on understanding how associations, reinforcement, and

punishment can be used to shape human behavior. It uses operant conditioning to shape
and modify problematic behaviors.
• Ivan Pavlov discovered the conditioning reflex during his studies with dogs, establishing
classical conditioning as a learning method. His research demonstrated that an
environmental stimulus (e.g., a ringing bell) could be used to stimulate a conditioned
response (e.g., salivating at the sound of the ringing bell).
• John B. Watson extended Pavlov's theory to human behavior. His research demonstrated
how a fear response could be learned through conditioning processes.
• B. F. Skinner later introduced the concept of operant conditioning, in which reinforcement
leads to the desired behavior.
• Behavior analysis is often used in mental health treatment to help people overcome
problem behaviors.
• The goal of behavior analysis is to comprehend the consequences of a behavior's immediate
aftermath. These strategies can be utilized in a wide range of situations to assist both
children and adults in making positive life changes.
• Types of Behavior Analysis:
•Experimental Behavior Analysis:
•Experimental behavior analysis is a type of fundamental research meant to advance our
understanding of behavior.
•Applied Behavior Analysis:
•Applying behavior principles to actual circumstances is the main goal of applied behavior
analysis (ABA). Utilizing what is known about behavior through research in personal, societal,
and cultural contexts is the process at hand. For instance, behavior analyzers may utilize their
understanding of learning and behavior to assist children who are having behavioral problems.
Techniques:
Some of the techniques used by behavior analysts include:
• Chaining: By dividing a task into smaller parts, this behavior modification technique. Initial,
the easiest or first task in the procedure is taught. The following assignment can be taught
once the previous one has been mastered. The procedure keeps on until the complete
sequence has been successfully chained together.
• Prompting: To get the desired answer, this strategy requires using a prompt of some sort. A
verbal cue, such as telling someone what to do, or a visual cue, such as presenting a
picture intended to stimulate the reaction, may be used in this.
• Shaping: With this technique, a behavior is modified gradually while being rewarded for
getting closer and closer to the intended response.
Children with autism or developmental delays might benefit greatly from the use of behavior
analysis as a teaching method to help them learn and retain new abilities.
A strategy known as "applied behavioral analysis treatment" is widely used to treat
problems like autism.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT):
• Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a type of talk therapy for people who experience
emotions very intensely.
• The term "dialectical" comes from the idea that bringing together two opposites in
therapy -- acceptance and change -- brings better results than either one alone.
• A unique aspect of DBT is its focus on acceptance of a patient's experience as a way for
therapists to reassure them -- and balance the work needed to change negative
behaviors.
• DBT was originally intended to treat borderline personality disorder (BPD), but it has
been adapted to treat other mental health conditions. It can help people who have
difficulty with emotional regulation or are exhibiting self-destructive behaviors (such as
eating disorders and substance use disorders). This type of therapy is also sometimes
used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Techniques:
• Group therapy where patients are taught behavioral skills in a group setting.
• Individual therapy with a trained professional where a patient's learned behavioral skills
are adapted to their personal life challenges.
• Phone coaching in which patients can call the therapist between sessions to receive
guidance on coping with a difficult situation they are currently in.
Some of the strategies and techniques that are used in DBT include the following.
• Core Mindfulness Mindfulness helps you focus on the present or "live in the moment."
This helps you pay attention to what is happening inside you (your thoughts, feelings,
sensations, and impulses) as well as using your senses to tune in to what's happening
around you (what you see, hear, smell, and touch) in nonjudgmental ways.
• Distress Tolerance
Distress tolerance skills help you accept yourself and your current situation. DBT teaches
several techniques for handling a crisis, including:
• Distraction
• Improving the moment
• Self-soothing
• Thinking of the pros and cons of not tolerating distress
What does DBT treat?
•Self-harming
•Suicide attempts
•Depression
Some services are also starting to offer DBT for:
•Children and adolescents
•Drug and alcohol problems
•Eating problems
•Offending behavior (committing crimes)
DBT is more likely to work for you if:
•You're committed to making positive changes in yourself
•You're ready to work hard at therapy, and do homework assignments
•You're ready to focus mostly on your present and future, rather than your past
•You feel able to do some sessions in a group with others
Social Learning Theory:
• Social learning theory, introduced by psychologist Albert Bandura, proposed that learning
occurs through observation, imitation, and modeling and is influenced by factors such as
attention, motivation, attitudes, and emotions.
• The behaviorists proposed that all learning was a result of direct experience with the
environment through the processes of association and reinforcement.
• Bandura's theory believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of
learning.
• Bandura's social learning theory proposed that learning can also occur simply by observing
the actions of others.
• His theory added a social element, arguing that people can learn new information and
behaviors by watching other people. Known as observational learning, this type of learning
can be used to explain a wide variety of behaviors, including those that often cannot be
accounted for by other learning theories.
Fundamental Ideas in Social Learning Theory:
• People Can Learn Through Observation A doll named Bobo was used in one of the most
well-known psychological studies ever conducted.
• In Bandura's studies, kids saw an adult acting irrationally toward a Bobo doll. When the
children were later allowed to play in a room with the Bobo doll, they began to imitate the
aggressive actions they had previously observed.
• Mental States Are Important to Learning he understood that support does not always
come from outside sources. The way you feel and what drives you to do things are key
factors in whether or not you can acquire a behavior.
• Learning Does Not Necessarily Lead to Change While behaviorists believed that learning
led to a permanent change in behavior, observational learning demonstrates that people
can learn new information without demonstrating new behaviors
Applications of Social Learning Theory:
• Research Researchers can use the theory to understand how aggressiveness and violence
can be transferred through observational learning.
• Intervention a social worker can implement social learning theory to influence positive
new behaviors by altering the reinforcement , whether positive or negative, associated
with the source of the issue

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APPLIED BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS:

• This branch of psychology focuses on understanding how associations, reinforcement, and

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