Cloud Computing

CLOUD COMPUTING
What is Cloud?
The term Cloud refers to a refers to manipulating,

Network or Internet. configuring, and accessing
the hardware and software
resources remotely
• Cloud Computing is defined as the on-demand availability of computer

system resources like data storage and computing power without
direct active management by user.
• Aim is to give access to data centers to many users.
• Users can access data from anywhere.

Why Cloud?
• Scalabilty
• Server
Storage
• Data Loss
• Maintenance
Evolution of Cloud Computing
1. Distributed Systems
• In the networks, different systems are connected.
• The purpose of distributed systems is to share resources and also
use them effectively and efficiently.
• Characteristics-
• scalability,
• concurrency,
• continuous availability,
• heterogeneity,
• and independence in failures
• Problem-
• all the systems were required to be present at the same geographical
location.
• Solution-
• Mainframe computing, cluster computing, and grid computing.
2. Mainframe Computing
• highly powerful and reliable computing machines.
• These are responsible for handling large data such as

massive input-output operations.
• Disadvantage-
• very expensive.
• To reduce this cost, cluster computing came as an alternative to

mainframe technology.
3. Cluster Computing
• Cluster computing refers to the use of several
computers/nodes linked together on a network to function
as a single entity.
• A high-bandwidth network
• can easily add new nodes to the cluster if necessary.
• Therefore, this addressed the cost issue
Problem-
• related to geographical restrictions still pertained.
• To solve this, the concept of grid computing was

introduced.
4. Grid Computing
• Different systems were placed at entirely different
geographical locations, and these all were connected via
the internet.
• It minimized the problems of cluster computing but the

distance between the nodes raised a new problem.
5. Virtualization
• allowing multiple operating systems and applications to
simultaneously run on the same machine.
• Virtualization is becoming a mainstream technique in

business IT architecture.
6. Web 2.0
• It is the interface through which the cloud computing
services interact with the clients.
• because of Web 2.0 that we have interactive and dynamic
web pages.
• made it feasible for users to write articles and comments
and to create user profiles on many websites, which
increased involvement.
• Web 2.0 also gave rise to social media websites, web
applications, and self-publishing platforms like
WordPress. Wikipedia, Facebook, Twitter, and numerous
blogs are examples of Web 2.0 sites that have changed
how the same content is shared and delivered.
7. Service orientation
• It acts as a reference model for cloud computing.
• It supports low-cost, flexible, and evolvable applications.

Two important concepts were introduced in this computing
model.
• These were Quality of Service (QoS) which also includes

the SLA (Service Level Agreement) and Software as a
Service (SaaS).
8. Utility Computing
• Utility computing allows users to scale up and down
based on their needs.
• Clients, users, or businesses can rent data storage space,

computing power, or even hardware such as CPUs,
monitors, etc.
A Closer Look
● Cloud Computing is helping to
Enterprises
governments
Public and Private Companies
Research Organizations
• to shape more effective and demand driven systems
• Integration of Cloud Computing is now easy as performing a

credit card / debit card transaction
• examples EC2 and S3
Birds eye view of cloud computing
Cloud Computing Reference Model
• The Cloud Computing Reference Model is an abstract
model
• divides the cloud into layers, defines each function, and
provides a reference model for cloud computing, helping
users select the right model for specific applications and
efficient deployment.
• Cloud Computing reference model is divided into 3 major

service models:
• Software as a Service (SaaS)
• Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• deals with fundamental computing, network and storage.
• it provides on demand virtual hardware, storage,
Networking
• e.g. Amazon EC2, S3, Rightscale & V Cloud
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Paas provides an environment for building, testing, and
deploying software applications.
• The goal of PaaS is to help create an application as
quickly as possible without having a focus on managing
the underlying infrastructure. Eg.Google App Engine,
Software as a Service (IaaS)
• Saas is software that is centrally hosted and managed for
the end customer.
• The SaaS provider is responsible for operating and
maintaining the software and the platform that it runs on.
• examples are email, calendars, and office tools, social

networking sites , Zoom
Characteristics of Cloud Computing
1. On demand self services
2. Broad network access
3. Rapid elasticity
4. Resource pooling
5. Measured service
6. Pay as you go
7. Easy maintenance
Advantages of Cloud Computing
1. Reduced cost
2. Improved performance
3. Scalability
4. High storage capacity
5. Productivity
6. Reliability
7. Security
Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
• Security
• Privacy
• Lock in
• Isolation failure
• Management interface compromise

Challenges ahead
• Security
• Password secuirty
• Cost management
• Lack of internet connectivity
• Multiple cloud management
• Restrictions
• hacking
Historical development
Virtualization
What is Virtualization?
• Virtualization is a technique, which allows to share single
physical instance of an application or resource among
multiple organizations .
Host m/c
Guest m/c
Role of Hypervisor
• Hypervisor is a software that manages VMs.
• It acts as interface between VM and physical hardware to

ensure proper access to resources needed for working.
Types of Hypervisor
• There are two types of hypervisor:
1. Type 1 hypervisor (Bare metal or Native)
2. Type 2 hypervisor (Hosted)
Type 1 hypervisor (Bare metal or Native)
• The type1 hypervisor does not have any host operating
system because they are installed on a bare system.
• examples - LynxSecure, RTS Hypervisor, Oracle VM, Sun
xVM Server, VirtualLogic VLX
Type 2 hypervisor (Hosted)

• Type 2 hypervisor is a software interface that emulates
the devices with which a system normally interacts.
• Hypervisor asks operating system to make hardware
calls.
• examples - Microsoft Hyper V, VMWare Fusion, Virtual
Server 2005 R2, Windows Virtual PC and VMWare
workstation 6.0
Characteristics of Virtualization
• Increased Security
• The ability to control the execution of a guest program in a completely transparent manner opens
new possibilities for delivering a secure, controlled execution environment.
• Managed Execution
• In particular, sharing, aggregation, emulation, and isolation are the most relevant features.
• Sharing
• Virtualization allows the creation of a separate computing environment within the same host. This
basic feature is used to reduce the number of active servers and limit power consumption.
• Aggregation
• It is possible to share physical resources among several guests, but virtualization also allows
aggregation, which is the opposite process.
• A group of separate hosts can be tied together and represented to guests as a single virtual host.
Pros of Virtualization in Cloud Computing :
• Utilization of Hardware Efficiently
• Availability increases
• Disaster Recovery is efficient and easy
• Virtualization saves Energy
• Quick and Easy Set up
• Cloud Migration becomes easy

Cons of Virtualization
• Data can be at Risk
• Learning New Infrastructure
• High Initial Investment

Cloud Computing

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CLOUD COMPUTING

The term Cloud refers to a refers to manipulating,

• Cloud Computing is defined as the on-demand availability of computer

• Aim is to give access to data centers to many users.

• Users can access data from anywhere.

• These are responsible for handling large data such as

• To reduce this cost, cluster computing came as an alternative to

• To solve this, the concept of grid computing was

• It minimized the problems of cluster computing but the

• Virtualization is becoming a mainstream technique in

• It supports low-cost, flexible, and evolvable applications.

• These were Quality of Service (QoS) which also includes

• Clients, users, or businesses can rent data storage space,

• Integration of Cloud Computing is now easy as performing a

• Cloud Computing reference model is divided into 3 major

• examples are email, calendars, and office tools, social

1. On demand self services

2. Broad network access

4. High storage capacity

• Management interface compromise

• Lack of internet connectivity

• Multiple cloud management

• It acts as interface between VM and physical hardware to

Type 2 hypervisor (Hosted)

• Utilization of Hardware Efficiently

• Disaster Recovery is efficient and easy

• Virtualization saves Energy

• Quick and Easy Set up

• Cloud Migration becomes easy

• Data can be at Risk

• Learning New Infrastructure

• High Initial Investment

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