Computer dk vkfo"dkj Charles Babbage uked O;fDr us lu~

1833 bZ- esa fd;k FkkA

Computer ’kCn dh mRifr Latin “k"kk ds ’kCn dEiowV ls
feydj gqbZA ftl dk vFkZ gS& x.kuk djukA
UNITS OF COMPUTER
Input Unit os Units gksrh gS ftu ds ek/;e ls User MkVk o
lqpuk,a Input djrk gSA
Output Units os Units gksrh gS ftu ds ek/;e ls User ifj.kke
izkIr djrk gSA
Memory Units os Units gksrh gS tks Input fd;s x;s MkVk
dks Process djus ls igys Store j[kus dk dk;Z djrh gSA
Processing Unit os Units gksrh gS tks MkVk dks Proces dj
Memory Units esa igqapkrh gS rFkk Computer dh vU;
bZdkb;ksa ij fu;a=.k djrh gSA

Device of Computers:-
1) Input Device
2) Output Device
3) Se. Storage
1) Input Device os Device gksrh gSa ftuds ek/;e ls User
MkVk vkSj lqpuk System esa Input djrk gSaA
 INPUT DEVICE

Text Input Device Cursor Input

(Keyboard) Device (Mouse)
Scanner Joystick
MICR Trackball
BCR Light Pen
OCR
OMR
Text Input Device os Device gksrh gSa ftuds ek/;e ls User
Text Input djrk gSA
 Keyboard

Normal Keyboard MultimediaKeyboard

(Keys- 104-108) (Keys- 108-116)
Function keys -
F1(Help)- bl key dk ;wt gsYi ysus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

F2(Rename)- bl key dk ;wt select fd, x, file/folder dks

rename djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

F3(Search)- bl key dk ;wt file,folder,image bR;kfn dks

search djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

F4(Close)- bl key ds }kjk open file/folder dks Alt+F4 dk ;wt

djus ij close fd;k tk ldrk gSA
F5(Refresh)- bl key dk ;wt system dks refresh djus ds fy,
fd;k tkrk gSA

F6( )- bl key dk ;wt MsLdVkWi ij cus vkbVEl ij tkus ds

fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

F7(Spelling & Grammer)- bl option dh lgk;rk ls spelling

rFkk
grammer dks pSd fd;k tk ldrk gSA

F8(A..Z Lock)- bl key dk ;wt A to Z keys dks lock djus ds fy,

fd;k tkrk gSA
F9(A..Z unlock)- bl key dk ;wt A to Z keys dks unlock djus ds
fy, fd;k tkrk gS

F10(Menubars)- bl key dk ;wt Menubars ij tkus ds fy, rFkk

Shift+F10 dk ;wt djus ij dekaM fyLV dks Open fd;k tk ldrk
gSA

F11(Full Sreen)- bl key ls Web Browser dk Full Screen s djus

ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
F12(Save As)- bl key dk ;wt Winword esa lso dh xbZ Qkby
dks fQj ls lso djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Ctrl + F12 = Open
Shift + F12 = Save

Cursor Controlling Keys-

Arrow keys- bl key dk ;wt left, right,
up, down tkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA bls Nevigation keys
Hkh dgrs gSA

Page Up/Down- bl key dk ;wt Page dks

Up o Down djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Home- bl key dk ;wt oMZ esa ykbu ds First esa vkus ds fy;s
fd;k tkrk gSA Control + Home dk ;wt djus ij Page ds First
Line ds First esa vk tkrk gSA

End- bl key dk ;wt oMZ esa ykbu ds End esa

vkus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA Control + End dk ;wt djus ij
ykLV ykbu ds ykLV esa vk tkrs gSA
Enter Keys- bl key dk ;wt Select fd, x, Object dks Open djus
ds fy, rFkk Words esa ,d ykbu uhps vkus ds fy, djrs gSA
Caps Lock- bl key dk ;wt Word esa All Characters dks Capital
fy[kus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Control Keys-

Shift Keys- bl key dk ;wt Short Cuts cukus ds fy, rFkk Word
esa Single Character dks Capital fy[kus ds fy, rFkk Symbols
Keys dk iz;ksx djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Ctrl- bl key dk ;wt Mouse Pointer dh Location irk djus rFkk
Shortcuts cukuss ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Window keys / Ctrl + Esc- bl key dk ;wt Shortcuts cukus
rFkk Start Menu dks ON/OFF djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Alt- bl key dk ;wt Shortcuts cukus ds fy, rFkk Word esa
Menubars ij tkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Esc- bl key dk ;wt ykLV dekaM dks Cancle djus ds fy, fd;k
tkrk gSA
Pause- bl key dk ;wt gks jgh Processing dks vLFkkbZ :i ls
jksdus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Editing keys-
Del (Delete)- bl key dk ;wt Select fd, x, Object dks Delete
djus ds fy, rFkk Word esa Characters dks Delete djus ds fy,
fd;k tkrk gSA (Left to Right)
Back Space- bl key dk ;wt Winword esa v{kjksa dks Delete
djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA (Right to Left)
Tab- bl key dk ;wt oMZ esa 0.5 Space nsus ds fy, fd;k tkrk
gSA
Space Bar- bl key dk ;wt 2 oMZ ds chp Space nsus ds fy,
fd;k tkrk gSA

Insert- bl key dk ;wt Over Writing djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk

gSA
ctrl+ins= copy
shift+ins=paste
Print Screen- bl key dk ;wt Screen Shot ysus ds fy, fd;k tkrk
gSA bl key dks nckus ds ckn vU; Software esa Paste fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
Pop UP- bl key dk ;wt dekaM fyLV Open dks djus ds fy,
fd;k tkrk gSA(Shift + F10)
Alt+Tab Key:- bl Key dk ;wt Program dks Change djus ds fy,
fd;k tkrk gSA
Scanner:-;g ,d Photography ds leku gh dk;Z djrk gSA ;g
fdlh Hkh Document dks Scan dj
Software ds ek/;e ls System esa igqapk djrk gSA
OMR (Optical Mark Reader):- OMR Hkh Scanner dh Hkkarh
gh dk;Z djrk gSA ;g Paper ij cus gq, fo’ks"k izdkj ds
fpu~gksa dks i<+us ds fy, bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj dh
lqpukvksa ds Paper dks fo’ks"k + kj ls rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA
BCR (Bar Code Reader):- Bar Code iwoZ esa Printer ykbukas
dk ,d Set gksrk gSa ftls BCR Read djrk gSA bu ykbukas dh
la[;k rFkk >ksns ,oa Blank dks in dh oLrq dk eqY; Computer
esa vafdr djrk gS rFkk oLrq dh oS|rk rFkk voS|rk dh tkap
djrk gSA
MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Reader):- MICR dk iz;ksx fo’o
Format eas fy[ks gq, v{kjkssa dks i<+us ds fy;s fd;k tkrk
gSaA bu v{kjksa ij fo’ks"k Font esa Magnatic Ink ls fy[kk
tkrk gSA tc bu v{kjksa dks MICR }kjk Process djok;k tkrk
gS MICR bldh oS|rk rFkk voS|rk dks tkap djrk gSaSA
lkekU;r% bl dk iz;ksx Banks eas Cheque Process djokus ds
fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
OCR (Optical Character Reader):- OCR nLrkost (Documents)
dks djus dk dk;Z rFkk v{kkjksa esa varj dk dk;Z djrk
gSaSA
Joystick- Game
Light Pen- Graphics cukus ds fy,
2) Output Device:- os Device ftuds ek/;e ls ifj.kke izkIr djrk
gSA
bls nks Hkkxkas esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS&
OUTPUT DEVICE

Soft Copy Output Device Hard Copy OutputDevice

Moniter Printer
CRT
LCD
LED

PRINTER

Impact Non-Impact

Line Character Page Characters

Lage Inkjet
Dram Chain
 Dotmatrix

IMPACT PRINTER os Printer gksrs gS ftl ds vUnj Hammer Pin

yxh gksrh gSA Impact Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSaA 1-
Line Printer ,d ckj esa ,d Line Print djrk gS]
2- Character Line Printer
;s Hkh nks izdkj ds gksrs gS& Dram vkSj Chain

DRAM PRINTER esa ,d /kksl yxk gksrk gS ftl ij iwoZ

ijhHkkf"kr v{kj Nis jgrs gSA
WINDOWS
Booting / Processing- daI;wVj dks On djus ij rFkk Desktop
vkus rd tks le; yxrk gS] mls Booting dgrs gSA

BOOTING

Cold Warm/Hot

Desktop- MsLdVkWi vkbdu rFkk VkLdckj ls feydj cuk

gksrk gS RkFkk User o System ds chp Interface iznku djrk
gSA
Icon- MsLdVkWi ij cus gq,s Graphical Obejct gksrs gSA
bUgsa 3 Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA

ICON

System Icon Shortcut Icon File / Folder I.

Computer/This PC
Network

Internet Explorer
Document
Recycle Bin

Computer- bl vkbdu esa daI;wVj@lhLVe ds egÙoiw.kZ

lwpukvksa dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS ;k Secondary Storage
Device dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

Network- bl Icon }kjk Lan dh Setting dh tk ldrh gSA

Internet Explorer- blds }kjk Websits ;wt fd;k tk ldrk gSA

Documents- ;g Icon Qkby cSad gksrh gSA blds vUnj

Bydefault lso dh xbZ Qkby gksrh gSA
Recycle Bin- ;g daI;wVj dk dpjk ik= gksrk gSA blesa vuko';d
Qkby@QkWYMj dks Store djus dk dk;Z djrs gSA blesa ls
Restore Option ;wt djus ij blesa Store Object okil ogh pyk
tkrk gS tgkW ls Delete fd;k FkkA
ftl Object dks iqu% ykuk gS mls Select dj Cut djds
tgkW LVksj djuk gS ogkW Paste dj nsaxsA

New Folder- Desktop ds fjDr LFkku ij ekml ls Right

Click djrs gSa Right Click djus ij dekaM fyLV Open gks tkrh
gSA List esa ls New ij Click djrs gS New ls New Folder ij
Click djrs gS ftl ls New Folder vk tkrk gSA
 Desktop dks Customize djuk
MsLdVkWi ds fjDr LFkku ij Mouse ls Right Click djus ij
Command List Open gksrh gS&
View
Short By
Refresh
Paste
Paste Shortcut
New
Screen Resolution
Gadgets
Personalize
View- bldh lgk;rk ls vkbdUl dh Settings dh tk ldrh gS] Icons
dks Large/Medium/Small dj ldrs gS] Icons dks Auto arrange
dj ldrs gS rFkk Show desktop ds ek/;e ls Icons Show djus
gS ;k ughaA

Shot By- blds }kjk vkbdUl dh Shorting dh tk ldrh gSA tSls&

Name, Size, Icon Tipe......etc.

Refresh- blds }kjk System dks Refresh fd;k tk ldrk gSA

Cut- bldk ;wt Select fd, x, Object dks Clipbord esa j[kus ds
fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

Copy- bldh lgk;rk Select Object ls dks Clipbord esa j[kk tk

ldrk gSA

Paste- bldh lgk;rk ls Clipbord eas j[ks x;s Object dks Paste
fd;k tk ldrk gSA

Screen Resolution- bldh lgk;rk ls Screen dks NksVh&cM+h

dh tk ldrh gSA
Personalize- bldh lgk;rk ls Desktop Theme/Colour rFkk
Screen Saver yxk, tk ldrs gSA
. .

Sound- bldh lgk;rk ls vyx&vyx izdkj dh /ofu fn;s x;s

Option
esa ls pqu dj yxk;h tk ldrh gSA

Desktop Icons- blds }kjk System Icons dks Desktop ls gVk;k

o yxk;k tk ldrk gS rFkk Symbols Change fd;s tk ldrs gSA

Change Mouse Pointer- bldh lgk;rk ls Mouse Pointer dks

Change fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Change Your Account Picture- bldh lgk;rk ls User Account
dh Picture Change dh tk ldrh gSA
Taskbar and Start Menu- blds }kjk Taskbar dh Setting dh tk
ldrh gSA Taskbar dks Up-Down/Left-Right esa yxk;k tk ldrk
gSA
Shutdown/Turn Off- bldh lgk;rk ls System dks laiw.kZ :i ls
can fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Restart- bldk ;wt System dks can djds iqu% pkyw djus ds
fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Log Off (Window+L)- bldh lgk;rk ls User dks Change fd;k tk
ldrk gSA

CONTROL PANEL
Date & Time- bldk ;wt Date & Time psat djus ds fy, djrs
gSA

Device Manager- bldh lgk;rk ls System esa yxh Device ds

Drivers ;k Software's dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
Device & Printers- bldh lgk;rk ls Printer dk Driver Add fd;k
tk ldrk gSA
Folder Option- bldh lgk;rk ls Folder dks Hide rFkk Unhide
fd;k tk ldrk gS rFkk Single Click / Double Click dks pSat
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Fonts- bldh lgk;rk ls New Font Mkys tk ldrs gS rFkk Font
dh Style ns[kh tk ldrh gSA
Phone & Modem- bldh lgk;rk ls Modem dh Settings dh tk
ldrh gSA
Programes & Features- bldh lgk;rk ls vuko';d Programes
dks Uninstall fd;k tk ldrk gSA
System- blds }kjk System ds ckjs esa tkudkjh yh tk ldrh
gS] tSls& RAM, CPU dkSu&dkSulh gSA
 Untitled- Notepad
File Edit Formate View Help
NOTEPAD

Ln 1, Col 1

Notepad- bls Taxt Editor Hkh dgrs gSA

File&
New (Ctrl+N)- bldk ;wt ubZ Qkby cukus ds fy, djrs gSA

Open (Ctrl+O)& bldk ;wt Save dh xbZ Qkby dks Open djus
ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

Save (Ctrl+S)- bldk ;wt Documents dks Save djus ds fy, fd;k
tkrk gSA

Save As (F12)- bldk ;wt Save dh xbZ Qkby dks fQj Save
djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Page Set Up- blds }kjk ist dks lsV fd;k tkrk gSA ist ds Left-
Right/Top-Bottom ds isij ekftZu lsV djus ds fy, rFkk isij
dks Landscap rFkk Portrait djus ds fy, ;wt fd;k tkrk gS vkSj
isij Size lsV dh tk ldrh gSA
Print (Ctrl+P)& bldk ;wt Printer ds }kjk Print ysus ds fy, fd;k
tkrk gSA
Exit- ckgj vkus ds fy,A
Edit-
Undo- bldk ;wt vkxs o ihNs tkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA Cut
(Ctrl+X)- bldk ;wt Selected Object dks Clipbord esa j[kus
ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS ;k Selected Object dks Cut djds
nwljs LFkku ij Paste fd;k tk ldrk gS rFkk tgkW ls Cut fd;k
gS ogkW ls Object Move gks tk;sxkA
Copy (Ctrl+C)- bldk ;wt Selected Object dks Clipbord esa
j[kus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Paste (Ctrl+V)- bldk ;wt Clipbord esa j[ks x;s Object dks
Paste djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Delete- bldk ;wt Selected Object dks Delete djus ds fy, fd;k
tkrk gSA
Find (Ctrl+F)- bldk ;wt fdlh Object dks [kkstus ds fy, fd;k
tkrk gSA
Find Next (F3)- bldk ;wt Find Object dj Object dks Find
Next
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Replace (Ctrl+H)- bldk ;wt Object dks Find dj mlds LFkku ij
nwljk Object LFkkfir fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Go To (Ctrl+G)- bldk ;wt Documents esa Line Number nsdj
Line ij lh/kk igqWpk tk ldrk gSA
Select All (Ctrl+A)- bldk ;wt lEiw.kZ Documents dks ,d lkFk
Select djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Date & Time (F5)- bldk ;wt Date & Time dks Insert djkus ds
fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Format-
Font- bldk ;wt Object dh Size, Style, Font bR;kfn dks
Change
djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
WINWORD
File Menu-
New (Ctrl+N)- bldh lgk;rk ls ubZ QkbZy [kksyh tk ldrh gSA
Open (Ctrl+O / Ctrl+F12)- bldk ;wt igys ls lso dh xbZ QkbZy
dks Open djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Save (Ctrl+S / Shift+F12)- bldk ;wt QkbZy dks lso djus ds
fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Save AS (F12)- bldk ;wt lso dh xbZ QkbZy dks fQj ls lso
djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS rFkk uke o LFkku cnys tk ldrs
gSA
Print (Ctrl+P)- bldk ;wt Printert ds }kjk Print ysus ds fy, fd;k
tk ldrk gSA
Print Preview (Ctrl+F2)- bldk ;wt Print ysus ls iwoZ ;g
ns[kus ds fy, fd;k fd Print fdl izdkj dk vk;sxkA
Close (Ctrl+W)- bldk ;wt Document Window dks Close djus
ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Exit (Alt+F4)- bldk ;wt MS WORD ls ckgj vkus ds fy, fd;k
tkrk gSA

HOME-
Clipboard-
Copy (Ctrl+C)- bldk ;wt Selected Object dks Clipbord esa
j[kus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Cut (Ctrl+X)- Selected Object dks Cut djds nwljs LFkku ij
Paste fd;k tk ldrk gS rFkk tgkW ls Cut fd;k gS ogkW ls
Object Move gks tk;sxkA
Paste (Ctrl+V)- bldk ;wt Clipbord esa j[ks x;s Object dks
Paste djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Font (Ctrl+D)- bldk ;wt Font / Font Size / Font Style /
Font Colour.....etc. dks pSt djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
(Character Spacing v{kjksa ds chp esa Space nsxkA)
Ctrl+B= Bold,
Ctrl+I=Italic Ctrl+U=Underline.
Change Case-
Sentence Case- bldk ;wt Line dk First Word dk First Letter
Capital fy[kus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Lowercase- all word small
UPPERCASE- ALL WORD CAPITAL
Capital Each Word- Each Word
tOGGLE cASE- fIRST sMALL
Ctrl+Shift+</> = NksVk ;k
cM+k Font
Ctrl+[/] = NksVk ;k cM+k
Font
Paragraphs-
Bullets- ykbu ds fpUg yxkus
ds fy,A
Numbering- ykbu ds uacj
yxkus ds fy,A
INSERT-
Cover Page- bldk ;wt eq[; i`"B Insert djkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk
gSA
Blank Page- bldk ;wt Documents esa ,d vkSj Page Add
djkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Page Break (Ctrl+Enter)- bldk ;wt Page dks Break djus ds fy,
fd;k tkrk gSA tSls gh bldk ;wt djrs gS Document Table-
esa ,d vksj ist c<+ tkrk gSA
bldk ;wt Documents esa Table cukus ds fy, fd;k tkrk
gSA Insert Table
Table Size
? X

Number of Columns: 5

Numbers of Rows: 2

Auto Fit Behaviour

 Fixed Column Width Auto

 Auto Fit to Contents

 Auto Fit to Window
Remember Dimensions for new Table
OK Cancle
Insert Table- bldk ;wt Table Insert djkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk
gSA Insert Table ij Click djus ij ,d Dialogue Box vkrk gS
ftlds vUnj bPNkuqlkj Row o Column dh la[;k vafdr dh tk
ldrh gSA
Draw Table- bl ij Click djus ij Pointer dh txg isafly dk
fpUg
fn[kkbZ nsrk gS ftlls bPNkuqlkj Table cukbZ tk ldrh gSA
Formula- Mathematics Work esa bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA
Insert Picture- bldh lgk;rk ls Picture Insert djokbZ tk ldrh
gSA
Clip Arts- bldh lgk;rk ls fn, x;s Symbols dks bPNkuqlkj pqu
ldrs gSA
Shapes- bldh lgk;rk ls fn, x;s Shapes esa ls bPNkuqlkj
Shapes pqu dj ekml ls Drag dj Documents esa vkd`fr
cukbZ tk ldrh gSA
Smart Art- bldh lgk;rk ls oa'kkxr pkVZ n'kkZ;k tk ldrk gSA
Chart- bldh lgk;rk ls fn;s x;s Chart (xzkQ) cuk;s tk ldrs gSA
Links-Hyperlink- bldh lgk;rk ls Douments esa Fils dk Link
cukdj j[kk tk ldrk gSA
Bookmark- bldh lgk;rk ls Douments esa Bookmark yxk ldrs
gS rFkk Go To }kjk yxk, x;s Bookmark dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS
;k Douments esa fy[ks x;s Matter esa dqN oMZ Highlight
djus ds fy, rFkk mu ij Go To }kjk lh/kk igqWpk tk ldrk gSA
Header & Footer- blds }kjk Douments esa Header rFkk
Footer yxk;k tk ldrk gSA Example- Firm Name, Address,
Phone Number.....etc.
Page No.- blds }kjk Douments esa Page No. Insert djok;k tk
ldrk gSA No. Top, Bottom esa yxkuk gS og pqu ldrs gS
Page No. Format esa No. Style pqu ldrs gS RkFkk Start At
esa bPNkuqlkj Page la[;k yxkbZ tk ldrh gSA
Remove Page Number ls yxk;s x;s Page Number dks gVk;k
tk ldrk gSA
Text Box- bldh lgk;rk ls Document esa Taxt Box Insert
djok;k tk ldrk gSA
Word Art- bldh lgk;rk ls Documentsesa bPNkuqlkj fn, x;s
Taxt dks vyx & vyx Style esa Insert djok;k tk ldrk gSA
Drop Cap- bldh lgk;rk ls Document esa Line dk First
Character Large Size rFkk fn;s x;s Option pqu ldrs gSA
Insert Object- bldh lgk;rk ls Word Document esa jgdj vU;
Application esa dk;Z dj ldrs gSA
Page Layout-
Themes- bldh lgk;rk ls Object dk Colour, Font...etc. dks
Change fd;k tkrk gSA

Page Setup-
Margins- blds }kjk Page dk Margin Set fd;k tkrk gS rFkk
Left, Right, Top rFkk Bottom esa Margin Set fd;k tkrk gSA
Gutter Margin esa bu Margins ds vykok vyx ls Margin Set
fd;k tk ldrk gS rFkk Gutter Position dks Set (Left, Top) fd;k
tkrk gSA
Orientation- blesa isij LVkby psat dh tk ldrh gSA
Paper Size- bldh lgk;rk ls isij dh lkbt dks Set fd;k tk ldrk
gSA tSls& A4, Legal...etc.
Columns- bldh lgk;rk ls Document esa Columns cuk;s tk
ldrs gSA
Watermark- bldh lgk;rk ls Document esa Object ds
Background esa Name, Picture yxkbZ tk ldrh gSA