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Lecture 6

This document provides information about ionic compounds, including naming ions and writing formulas. It discusses monatomic and polyatomic ions, and how to name ionic compounds based on their constituent ions. Key points covered include naming transition metal ions based on their charge, and using suffixes like -ate and -ite to name oxyanions based on their oxygen content and charge. Examples are given of writing formulas for ionic compounds from their names and vice versa.

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33 views

Lecture 6

This document provides information about ionic compounds, including naming ions and writing formulas. It discusses monatomic and polyatomic ions, and how to name ionic compounds based on their constituent ions. Key points covered include naming transition metal ions based on their charge, and using suffixes like -ate and -ite to name oxyanions based on their oxygen content and charge. Examples are given of writing formulas for ionic compounds from their names and vice versa.

Uploaded by

boledi angela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TEST 01

Date: 14 MARCH 2022.


MONDAY
Time: Will be communicated
soon.

Scope :Chapters 1 and 2.


Quick self-test

Write the proper ionic formula for each of the two


given ions.
1. Ca2+ and Cl−
2. Al3+ and F−
3. Al3+ and O2−
Naming Inorganic Compounds

1. Name the cation.


2. Name the anion.
Monatomic ions

Ions formed from a single atom.

Common monatomic ions are listed on the next


slide by group and by period.
Rules for Predicting the Charge on a
Monatomic Ion

1. Most main-group metals have one monatomic


ions with a charge equal to the group number.

Al, in Group IIIA(3), has one ion, Al3+.


Sr, in Group IIA(2), has one ion, Sr2+.
K, in Group IA(1), has one ion, K+.
2. Some main-group metals with high atomic
number have more than one cation. One cation
will have the charge of the group number minus
2; the second cation will have a charge equal to
the group number

Pb in Group IVA(14) has two ions:


Pb2+ and Pb4+
Tl in Group IIIA(13) has two ions:
Tl+ and Tl3+
3. Most transition metals form more than one
cation, of which one is +2.
Zn and Cd form only the +2 ion.
Ag forms only the +1 ion.

4. Nonmetal main-group elements form one


monatomic anion with a charge equal to the
group number minus 8.
F in Group VIIA(17) forms the F- ion.
S in Group VIA(16) forms the S2- ion.
N in Group VA(15) forms the N3- ion.
Naming Monatomic Ions

Monatomic cations are named after the element if


the element forms only one cation.

e.g. Al3+ aluminium ion; Na + sodium ion.


If more than one cation forms:
a. In the Stock system, the charge is written
using a Roman numeral and is enclosed in
parentheses.
Cu2+ is copper(II).
Cu+ is copper(I).

b. In an older system, the suffic –ic (for the


higher-charged cation) or –ous for the
lower-charged cation) is added to the
element’s stem.
Cu2+ is cupric.
Cu+ is cuprous.
Fe3+ is iron(III) or ferric ion.
Fe2+ is iron(II) or ferrous ion.

Hg2+ is mercury(II) or mercuric ion.

The second ion mercury forms is diatomic:


Hg22+ is mercury(I) or mercurous ion.
Cr3+ is chromium(III) or chromic ion.
Cr2+ is chromium(II) or chromous ion.
Mn2+ is manganese(II) or manganous ion.
Co2+ is cobalt(II) or cobaltous ion.

Zinc forms only Zn2+, so it is called zinc ion.


Cadmium forms only Cd2+, so it is called cadmium
ion.
Silver forms only Ag+, so it is called silver ion.
Polyatomic Ion

An ion consisting of two or more atoms chemically


bonded together and carrying an electrical charge.

Table 2.5 lists common polyatomic ions.


Cations

mercury(I) or mercurous Hg22+


ammonium NH4+

Anions
The names of monatomic anions are formed by
replacing the ending of the name of the element with -
ide:
Hydride Ion H - oxide ion O2- nitride ion N3-
A few polyatomic anions also have names ending in -ide:
peroxide O2-
hydroxide OH-
cyanideCN-

2. Polyatomic anions containing oxygen have names


ending in either -ate or -ite and are called
oxyanions. The -ate is used for the most common
or representative oxyanion of an element, and -ite
is used for an oxyanion that has the same charge
but one O atom fewer.
phosphate PO43-
monohydrogen phosphate HPO42-
dihydrogen phosphate H2PO4-

carbonate CO32-
hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) HCO3-

sulfate SO42-
hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate) HSO4-

sulfite SO32-
hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite) HSO3-
acetate C2H3O2-

oxalate C2O42-

chromate CrO42-
dichromate Cr2O72-

permanganate MnO4-

nitrate NO3-
nitrite NO2-
hypochlorite ClO-
chlorite ClO2-
chlorate ClO3-
perchlorate ClO4-
What are the names of the following

? ionic compounds?
BaO
Cr2(SO4)3
? BaO is barium oxide.

Cr2(SO4)3 is chromium(III) sulfate or chromic


sulfate.
What are the chemical formulas for the

? following ionic compounds?


potassium carbonate
manganese(II) sulfate
? The ions K+ and CO32- form K2CO3

The ions Mn2+ and SO42- form MnSO4

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