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23 views15 pages

Local Media5385285659923238311

Uploaded by

Nicko Brian Nayad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electric Charge

Law of Electric Charges

 The law of electric charges states that like


charges repel, and opposite charges attract.

 Protons are positively charged and electrons


are negatively charged, so they are attracted
to each other.

 Without this attraction, electrons would not


be held in atoms.
Electric Force

The force between the


charged objects is an
electric force.

The size of the electric force depends on 2 things:


1. The amount of charge (the greater the charge, the greater the
force)
2. The distance between charges (the further the distance, the
less the force)
Electric Field

 An electric field is the region around a charged object where


electric forces can be exerted on another charged object.
(Repelled or attracted)
How Can You Charge Objects?

 There are 3 ways objects can be charged:


1. Friction
2. Conduction
3. Induction

**In each of these, only the electrons move. The protons stay in the
nucleus**
Friction

 Charging by friction occurs when electrons


are “wiped” from one object onto another.

Ex.
If you use a cloth to rub a plastic ruler,
electrons move from the cloth to the ruler.
The ruler gains electrons and the cloth loses
electrons.
Conduction

 Charging by conduction happens when electrons move from


one object to another through direct contact (touching).

Ex. Suppose you touch an uncharged piece of metal with a


positively charged glass rod. Electrons from the metal will
move to the glass rod. The metal loses electrons and becomes
positively charged.
Induction

 Charging by induction happens when charges in an uncharged


object are rearranged without direct contact with a charged
object.

Ex.

When an uncharged object is placed very close to a


negatively charged conductor without touching, the nearer end
acquires a charge opposite to the charge of the charged conductor
(+) and the two bodies attract.
Conductors and
Insulators
 An electrical conductor is a material in which charges
can move easily.

 Most metals are good conductors because some of their


electrons are free to move.

 Conductors are used to make wires. For example, a


lamp cord has metal wire and metal prongs.

 Copper, aluminum, and mercury are good conductors.


Conductors and
Insulators
 An electrical insulator is a material in which charges
cannot move easily.

 Insulators do not conduct charges very well because


their electrons cannot flow freely. The electrons are
tightly held in the atoms of the insulator.

 The insulating material in a lamp cord stops charges


from leaving the wire and protects you from electric
shock.

 Plastic, rubber, glass, wood, and air are good insulators.


Static Electricity

 Static electricity is the result of an imbalance between


negative and positive charges in an object.

 When something is static, it is not moving.

 The charges of static electricity do not move away from


the object that they are in. So, the object keeps its
charge.
Electric Discharge

 The loss of static electricity as charges move off an


object is called electric discharge.
How Lightning Forms
Lightning

 Lightning usually strikes the highest point in a


charged area.

 Anything that sticks up or out in an area can


provide a path for lightning.

 A lightning rod is a pointed rod connected to the


ground by a wire.

 Objects, such as a lightning rod, that are joined to Earth by a conductor, such as a wire, are “grounded.” Any object that is
grounded provides a path for electric charges to move to Earth.

 Because Earth is so large, it can give up or absorb charges without being damaged.

 When lightning strikes a lightning rod, the electric charges are carried safely to Earth through the rod’s wire. By directing the
charge to Earth, the rods prevent lightning from damaging buildings.
PREPARED BY:
Sir RJ

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