CHAPTER 14

STRINGS
XI
Computer Science (083)
Board : CBSE
Unit 2:
Computational Thinking and Programming
Courtesy CBSE
Unit II
Computational Thinking and Programming
(60 Theory periods 45 Practical Periods)

Prepared by
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg, PGDCA,ADCA,MCA.MSc(IT),Mtech(IT),MPhil (Comp. Sci)

Department of Computer Science, Sainik School Amaravathinagar

Cell No: 9431453730 Courtesy CBSE

STRINGS
 STRINGS

Like many other popular

programming languages, strings in
Python are arrays of bytes representing
Unicode characters. However, Python does
not have a character data type, a single
character is simply a string with a length of
1. Square brackets can be used to access
elements of the string.
How to change or delete a string?
 How to change or delete a string?

Strings are immutable. This

means that elements of a string cannot be
changed once it has been assigned. We
can simply reassign different strings to the
same name.
>>> my_string = 'programiz'
>>> my_string[5] = 'a'
TypeError: 'str' object does not support
item assignment.
How to create a string in Python?
 STRINGS

How to create a string in Python?

Strings can be created by enclosing

characters inside a single quote or double
quotes. Even triple quotes can be used in
Python but generally used to represent
multiline strings and docstrings.
REPRESENTATION OF STRING
REPRESENTATION OF STRING
>>> s = “Hello Python”
This is how Python would index the string:

Backward Indexing

Forward Indexing
STRINGS – Programming Example
STRINGS - Example

Output Next Slide...

STRINGS - Example
How to access characters in a string?
 STRINGS

How to access characters in a string?

We can access individual characters

using indexing and a range of characters
using slicing. Index starts from 0. Trying to
access a character out of index range will
raise an IndexError. The index must be an
integer. We can't use float or other types,
this will result into TypeError.
 STRINGS

How to access characters in a string?

Python allows negative indexing for

its sequences.

The index of -1 refers to the last item,

-2 to the second last item and so on. We
can access a range of items in a string by
using the slicing operator (colon).
STRINGS – Programming Example
STRINGS
STRINGS
 SLICING STRINGS EXAMPLES
For example:
>>>“Program”[3:5] >>>p = “Program”
will result in: >>>p [4:]
‘gr ’ ‘ram’
>>>“Program”[3:6]
will yield: >>>p = “Program”
‘gra’ >>>p [3:6]
‘gra’
>>>p = “Program”
>>>p [:4]
‘Prog’
Index Error!
STRINGS –Index error
More Functionality of String
 More Functionality of String

>>> len(“Sainik School”)

Finding Length of string
13
>>>print(“Sainik” + “School”)
Sainik School String Concatenation
>>>print(“A” * 4 )
AAAA
String Repeat
>>>”sa” in “sainik”
True
>>>”pr” in “computer” Substring Tests
False
 More Functionality of String

>>> name1="computer"

>>> name2=name1[3:5]

>>>name2

pu String Slicing
String Methods
 String Methods

In Python, a method is a function that is

defined with respect to a particular object.
Syntax:

object.method(arguments)
For Example: the first position
>>>name=“Classic” where “s” appears
>>>name.find(“s”)
3
String object String Method Method Argument
Built in Methods
 1. capitalize() Method

Capitalizes first letter of string

First letter capitalization

 2. lstrip() & 3. rstrip() Methods

lstrip() method is used to remove left

padded spaces in a given string
>>>name1=“ a “
>>>name1.lstrip() Removing left spaces
‘a ‘

rstrip() method is used to remove right

padded spaces in a given string
>>>name1.rstrip()
‘ a’
Removing right spaces
 4. strip() Method

strip() method is used to remove left

and right padded spaces in a given string
>>>name1=“ a “
>>>name1.strip()
‘a‘

Removing left and right spaces for a given string

 5. lower() Method

lower() method is used to convert

given string in to lower case.
>>>name1=“ SAINIK “
>>>name1.lower()
sainik

Converting in to lower case

 6. upper() Method

upper() method is used to convert

given string in to upper case.
>>>name1=“ sainik “
>>>name1.upper()
SAINIK

Converting in to upper case

 7. title() Method

title() method is used to convert given

string in to title case. Every first chatacter of
word of a given string is converted to title
case.
>>>name1=“ praveen murigeppa jigajinni“
>>>name1.title()
Praveen Murigeppa Jigajinni

In every word first letter is capitalized

 8. swapcase() Method

swapcase() method is toggle the case.

Meaining upper to lower and lower to upper
case.
>>>name1=“ PrAvEeN“
>>>name1.swapcase()
pRaVeEn

Every character case is changed

 9. ljust() Method

ljust() method is used to add spaces to

the left side of the given string
>>>name1=“ Jigajinni“
>>>name1.ljust(15)
‘Jigajinni ’

Left side padded with spaces

Note: string length is 9 and 6 spaces

added to the left side of string
 10. rjust() Method

rjust() method is used to add spaces to

the right side of the given string
>>>name1=“ Jigajinni“
>>>name1.rjust(15)
‘ Jigajinni’

Right side padded with spaces

Note: string length is 9 and 6 spaces

added to the right side of string
 11. center(width, fillchar) Method

The method center() returns centered

in a string of length width. Padding is done
using the specified fillchar. Default filler is a
space.

Centered string
 12. zfill() Method

zfill() method is used to fill the zero to

a given string
>>>name1=“ 123“
>>>name1.zfill(15)
‘00123 ’

Filling Zeros
 13. find() Method

find() method is used to find a

perticular character or string in a given
string.
>>> name1="praveen"
>>> name1.find("e")
4

e is present at 4th location (first appearance)

in a given string
 14. count() Method

count() method is used to the number

of times character or string appears in a
given string.

>>>name1=“praveen“
>>>name1.count(“e”)
2

2 times e appears in a given string

 15. stratswith() Method

startswith() method is used check

string start with particular string or not

>>>name1=“praveen“
>>>name1.startswith(“a”)
False

Given string not starting with “a”

 16. endswith() Method

endswith() method is used check string

ends with particular string or not

>>>name1=“praveen“
>>>name1.endswith(“en”)
True

Given string ends with “en”

 17. isdigit() Method

isdigit() method is used check string is

digit (number) or not and returns Boolean
value true or false.
>>>name2=“123”
>>>name2.isdigit() Given string is
True number
>>name1=“123keyboard“
>>name1.isdigit()
False

Given string not number so false

 18. isnumeric() Method

isnumeric() is similar to isdigit()

method and is used check string is digit
(number) or not and returns Boolean value
true or false.
>>>name2=“123” Given string is
>>>name2.isnumeric() number
True
>>name1=“123keyboard“
>>name1.isnumeric()
False
Given string not number so false
 19. isdecimal() Method

isnumeric(),isdigit() and isdecimal()

methods are used to check string is digit
(number) or not and returns Boolean value
true or false.
>>>name2=“123” Given string is
>>>name2.decimal() number
True
>>name1=“123keyboard“
>>name1.isnumeric()
False
Given string not number so false
 20. isalpha() Method

isalpha() method is used check string is

digit or not and returns Boolean value true or
false.
>>>name2=“123” Given string does
>>>name2.isalpha() not contain string
False
Given string not
>>name1=“123computer“
string it contains
>>name1.isalpha()
digits
False
>>>name3=“Keynoard”
>>>Name3.isaplpha() It’s a string
True
 21. isalnum() Method

isalnum() method is used check string is

alpha numeric string or not.

>>>name2=“123” Given string is

>>>name2.isalnum() alpha numeric
True
>>>name1=“123computer“
>>>name1.isalnum()
True
>>>name3=“Praveen”
>>>name3.isalnum()
True
 22. islower() Method

islower() method is used check string

contains all lower case letters or not, it returns
true or false result.
Given string is not
>>>name2=“Praveen” lower case string
>>>name2.islower()
False
>>>name1=“praveen“
>>>name1.islower()
True Given string is
lower case string
 23. isupper() Method

isupper() method is used check string

contains all letters upper case or not, it returns
true or false result.
Given string is not
>>>name2=“Praveen” upper case string
>>>name2.isupper()
False
>>>name1=“PRAVEEN“
>>>name1.isupper()
True Given string is
upper case string
 24. isspace() Method

isspace() method is used check string

contains space only or not.

>>>name2=“ ” Given string

>>>name2.isspace() contains space only
True
>>>name1=“PRAVEEN M J“
>>>name1.isspace()
False
Given string not
containing space only
 25. find() Methods

find() method is used to find a

particular string (substring) in a given
string.

>>>name=“Classic” the first position

>>>name.find(“s”) where “s” appears
3

String object String Method Method Argument

 26. str() Method

str() method is used convert non

string data into string type.

>>>str(576)
‘576’

576 is number converted to string

 27 len() Method

len() method is used get a length of

string.

>>>len(“Praveen”)
7

Gives the string length

 28 max() Method

max() method is used get a max

alphabet of string.

>>>max(“Praveen”)
v

Gives max character

 29 min() Method

min() method is used get a max

alphabet of string.

>>>min(“Praveen”)
P

Gives min character P because it has

ASCII Value 65
 30 split() Method

split() method is used split a string.

Split in to several words or substrings

 30 split() Method

split() method is used split a string

according to delimiter.

Split in to several words or substrings

according to delimiter
 31 index() Method

Same as find(), but raises an

exception if str not found.
>>> name="Sainik“
>>> name.index("a",3,5)
ValueError: substring not found
>>> name.index("a",1,5)
1 Value error

Character found, returning the position

Character Methods
 32. ord() Method

ord() method is used get a ASCII

value for a character.

>>ord(“a”)
97

97 is the ASCII value for character ‘a’

 33. chr() Method

char() method is used get a

character for an ASCII value.

>>chr(97)
‘a’

‘a’ ASCII value is 97

Class Test
 Class Test

Time: 40 Min Max Marks: 20

1. What is string? 02
2. What is forward indexing and back
word indexing? 03
3. Explain any 5 string built in methods

10
4. What are character methods? Explain
in detail 05
Thank You