Space Internet and Starlink

Space Internet
and Starlink
Presented By:
Sahil Gupta
2017BITE045
Contents
• Introduction
• Space Internet
• Pros and Cons
• Working of Space Internet
• Starlink
• Features
• Working of Starlink
• Advantages
• Major Criticism
• Future
• Other competitors in market
2
Introduction
• Internet services are now part • Because the traditional ways

of humanity’s basic to deliver the Internet —
infrastructure fiber-optic cables or wireless
networks — cannot take it
• It is important means of
everywhere on Earth.
delivering a wide variety of
public services to the world’s • In many remote areas or
people places with difficult terrain, it
is not feasible or viable to set
• Still currently, about 4 billion
up cables or mobile towers.
people, more than half the
world’s population, do not
have access to reliable
Internet networks
3
Space Internet
4
Space Internet
• Internet access provided through communication satellites
• Systems use satellites in geostationary orbit. This orbit is located at a height of 35,786 km over
the Earth’s surface, directly above the Equator.
• Theoretical data transfers at the speed of light.
• Involves 3 satellite dishes; one at the internet service providers hub, one in space and one
attached to your property. In addition to the satellite dish you also need a modem and cables
running to and from the dish to your modem.
• Latency: Average 638 ms
• Average uplink rate: 256 kbit/s
• Average downlink rate: 1 Mbit/s
• Maximum uplink rate: 1000 Mbit/s
• Maximum downlink rate: 1000 Gbit/s
• Additional services: VoIP, SDTV, HDTV, VOD, Datacast
5
Space Internet
Advantages Disadvantages
• Can Reach remote areas • There is a time lag between a user seeking data, and the server
sending that data
• One big advantage of beaming signals from geostationary orbit
is that the satellite can cover a very large part of the Earth. • A transmission from a satellite in geostationary orbit has a latency
Signals from one satellite can cover roughly a third of the planet of about 600 milliseconds
— and three to four satellites would be enough to cover the • There is a limited bandwidth
entire Earth
• Terrestrial Blockage from trees, etc. limit the speed
• Also, because they appear to be stationary, it is easier to link to
them • Weather also factor in change in speeds
6
Working of
Satellite Internet
Satellite Internet generally relies on three primary components:

• A satellite, typically in geostationary orbit (sometimes referred to as a geosynchronous Earth orbit, or GEO)
• A number of ground stations known as gateways that relay Internet data to and from the satellite via radio
waves (microwave)
• A small antenna at the subscriber's location, often a VSAT (very-small-aperture terminal) dish antenna with
a transceiver
7
Starlink
Starlink
• Starlink is a satellite internet constellation being
constructed by SpaceX providing satellite
Internet access started in 2015
• The constellation will consist of thousands of
mass-produced small satellites in low Earth orbit
(LEO), working in combination with ground
transceivers
• Each Starlink satellite is compactly designed and
weighs about 260kg
• At the current time, 901 Starlink satellites are
operating at 550 km above the earth’s surface in
LEO
9
Working of Starlink
15
Click icon to add picture
Click icon to add picture
16
Delivering the internet via satellite is so much more
efficient than by wire because the signal travels 47%
faster as a wave through the vacuum of space than it
does traveling along a fiber optic cable
Starlink Over
Traditional
Satellite
• Current internet satellites orbited around 35,786 kilometers above the earth which is really far
away
• So the coverage area of satellite is great but the distance also results in a time delay between
sending and receiving data
• Starlink satellites orbit significantly closer at around 550 kilometers above the earth's surface
• This means that they triangulate data much faster with minimal delay but also means that their
coverage area is far smaller
• So we need a load more of them to build up a comprehensive network that offers reliable global
coverage
18
Major Criticism
Light Pollution Space debris
• The planned large number of satellites has met with • Space debris or space junk is a term for defunct human-
criticism from the astronomical community because of made objects in space—principally in Earth orbit—
concerns for light pollution which no longer serve a useful function.
• Astronomers claim that the number of visible satellites • The first batch of SpaceX’s Starlink satellites had at
will outnumber visible stars and that their brightness in least 5% “dead” or unresponsive units that were
both optical and radio wavelengths will severely impact expected by the company to deorbit naturally and burn
scientific observations up in the atmosphere.
• Because the Starlink satellites can autonomously • Once thousands of these satellites rise to a higher orbit,
change their orbits, observations cannot be scheduled to it’s reasonable to assume that a number of them will
avoid them malfunction.
19
Future
• The public Starlink beta began on October 26,
2020, in select areas of the United States and
Canada
• Starlink told its early internet beta testers
"expect to see data speeds vary from 50Mbps
to 150Mbps and latency from 20ms to 40ms
[milliseconds] over the next several months as
we enhance the Starlink system. There will
also be brief periods of no connectivity at all".
• The future goal of Starlink is to create a
constellation of 42000 satellites around the
earth.
20
Other competitors in market
• Globalstar – an operational low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation for
satellite phone and low-speed data communications
• Iridium satellite constellation – an operational constellation of LEO satellites
for global satellite phone service
• Kuiper Systems – a planned 3236 LEO satellite Internet constellation being
built by an Amazon subsidiary
• OneWeb satellite constellation – a former competitor for a LEO internet
constellation, future plans unclear after bankruptcy
• Orbcomm – an operational constellation used to provide global asset
monitoring and messaging services from its constellation of 29 LEO
communications satellites orbiting at 775 km
21
Thank
You
22

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Space Internet

• Internet services are now part • Because the traditional ways

Satellite Internet generally relies on three primary components:

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Light Pollution Space debris

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