ENG 03: PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

CHAPTER 8

Communication for
Work Purposes

GROUP 5
 Contents
01. Introduction
02. Planning the Interview
03. Conducting the interview
04. Developing and organizing the presentation
05. How to begin a presentation
06. Parts of the Conclusion
07. How to close a presentation
 An interview is a two-party conversation that
always has a specific purpose. Most interviews
What is
•What an
is a contain a question-and-answer format. It is the
interviewer’s job to direct the conversation and
interview?
interview? keep track of time. Interviewing is different
from other kinds of conversation. The
difference lies in the amount of speaking by
each party. In an informal conversation, the
time is distributed equally between the two
parties. In an interview, the interviewee mostly
does most of the talking in a 70 to 30 percent
ratio.
What is a interview?
An interview is an interpersonal communication technique for
exchanging ideas between two people. The word “interview”
derives from French word “ entervue” or “ entrevior” which
means “ to see one another” or “to meet”. (Webste’s new
collegiate Dictionary).

Interviewer Vs. Interviewee

Interviewer
- the interviewer asks questions and guides the interview
Interviewee
- answers the questions and follow the interviewers lead
Kinds of Interviews 1. Selection interviews
2. Performance
appraisal interviews

(Adler & Elmhorst, 2008)

3. Disciplinary 4. Diagnostic
interviews interviews

5. Research interviews
 Kinds of Interviews
1. Selection interviews help organizations and prospective employees
screen applicants before the hiring process.
2. Performance appraisal interviews review employees’ job performance
and help set targets for the future.
3. Disciplinary interviews help organizations decide on issues relating to
employees’ misconduct or poor performance.
4. Diagnostic interviews inform health practitioners, counselors and
attorneys about the needs of their clientele.
5. Research interviews gather data for future decisions.
PLANNING THE
INTERVIEW
 PLANNING THE
INTERVIEW
The following pointers can
help you in planning an
efficient and effective
interview
PLANNING THE INTERVIEW
• Define the Goal
• Identify and Analyze the Other Party
• Prepare a List of Topics
• Choose the Best Interview Structure
• Consider Possible Questions
• Arrange the Setting
 Establish the purpose of the
interview. It is crucial to have a
clear understanding of what you
1.Define the Goal want to achieve. Whether it is
gathering information,
understanding a situation, or
making a decision, a clear goal
will guide the interview process.
 The success of your interview depends on the
person you choose as your interviewee. As you
decide who will you interview, consider the
2. Identify and following factors:

Analyze the Other Knowledge Level: Tailor your

Party questions based on the interviewee's
expertise and background.
Understanding their level of
knowledge helps in asking relevant
questions or providing suitable
information.
 The success of your interview depends on the
person you choose as your interviewee. As you
decide who will you interview, consider the
2. Identify and following factors:

Analyze the Other The Other's Concept of Self:

Party Consider the perspective and role of
the other party (interviewer or
interviewee). Their perception
influences the conversation's
dynamics and should be considered
for effective communication.
 The success of your interview depends on the
person you choose as your interviewee. As you
decide who will you interview, consider the
2. Identify and following factors:

Analyze the Other

Party Your Image: Be mindful of how you
are perceived. Misinterpretations can
affect outcomes. Present yourself
accurately, especially in professional
settings or job interviews.
 Create a list of questions or discussion
points beforehand. This ensures
critical topics are covered and
3. Prepare a List prevents missing out on essential
of Topics information due to inadequate
questioning. Interviewees should also
plan what information they are willing
to share.
 Highly Structured: Ideal for gathering
specific data, these interviews involve
predefined questions in a set order.
4.Choose the Best They're useful for research but might
Interview limit flexibility.
Structure Less Structured: Allows for more open-
ended discussions, enabling
exploration of diverse topics. It's more
flexible but requires skilled
interviewers to guide the conversation
effectively.
 It is easy to formulate questions once you
have decided on your agenda. You may
consider writing different question formats:

a. Open and Closed Questions: Closed questions

5. Consider limit responses, while open questions encourage
elaboration.
Possible b. Factual and Opinion Questions: Consider the
Questions purpose before asking whether factual information
or opinions are needed.
c. Primary and Secondary Questions: Primary
introduces the main topic, while secondary aims to
gather more information or clarify vague responses.
d. Direct and Indirect Questions: Direct questions
get straight answers, while indirect questions might
be more appropriate in certain situations.
 Time and Place: Inform the other
party about the interview's duration,
avoiding scheduling near mealtimes
6.Arrange the or after stressful meetings for better
Setting focus.
Respect Time and Punctuality: Be on
time and choose a neutral setting
away from distractions, ensuring the
interviewee's focus remains on the
conversation.
Conducting
the
interview
Conducting an interview
An interview consists of three stages: an
Opening, a Body, and a Conclusion.
 First impressions last. This is true about giving self-
introduction during interviews. The first 30-60 seconds of
your introduction should be spent carefully, as this is the
time your interviewer makes 50 percent of her/his

01. decision whether to hire you or not. Twenty-five percent

of the evaluation is placed during the first 15 minutes. The

opening remaining 25 percent is difficult to recover if you badly

carried out during the first couple of minutes.

a. Greeting and building rapport

b. Orientation
 a. Greeting and building rapport
A good introduction should begin with a greeting and
self-introduction. You need to build rapport with your
interviewee. An informal conversation can help both
parties feel comfortable with each other; thus, the result is

01. more likely to be better.

Rapport:

opening a friendly, harmonious relationship

: a friendly, harmonious relationship. especially : a relationship characterized
by agreement, mutual understanding, or empathy that makes
communication possible or easy.

b. Orientation
In this stage, the interviewer is the one in control the
most. S/He sets the agenda and prepares the interviewee
for whatever it is that may arise during the conversation.
This lessens the interviewee’s apprehension of the
unknown.
 This is the stage where questions and answers are
02. exchanged. As an interviewer, you must do the following
tasks:

Body a. Do not drift from the main agenda.

b. Give your full attention.
c. Use secondary questions when needed.
 Do not end your interview with the last answer to the last
03. question. Plan a satisfactory way to close it. You may
consider the following tasks:

closing a. Review and clarify main points of the

interview.
b. Make future plans of action.
c. Express appreciation.
 Reporting on
company’s
technological
breakthroughs
CHAPTER 8
SET YOUR GOAL AND

DEVELOP THE THESIS

DEVELOPING AND ORGANIZING THE PRESENTATION
 GENERAL GOAL
1.

Contents 2.
INFORMATIVE PRESENTATION

PERSUASIVE PRESENTATION
3.

4. SETTING YOUR GOAL

5. DESIRED REACTIONS

DEVELOPING THE THESIS

6.
7. METHODS IN DEFINING A
THESIS
IMPORTANCE OF REPITITION
7.
A general goal is a broad statement of what you want to accomplish.
According to Adler and Elmhorst (2008), there are three general
speaking goals:

INFORM PERSUADE ENTERTAIN

To inform, define your To persuade, establish To entertain, capture attention,
purpose, organize logically, credibility, state your position use humor and creativity, vary
use evidence, and engage clearly, appeal to emotions, your delivery, and end with a
the audience. and provide compelling memorable conclusion.
evidence.
2 TYPES OF PRESENTATION
INFORMATIVE PERSUASIVE
PRESENTATION PRESENTATION
• Purpose: Helping the audience acquire new • Purpose: Influencing feelings or thoughts
information or skills. about a particular matter.
• Metaphor: Speaker as a guide on a • Metaphor: Steering the collective mindset.
knowledge-sharing journey. • Guiding perceptions and fostering attitude or
action shifts.
SETTING YOUR GOAL
SPECIFIC GOAL/PUSPOSE
• Outcome you desire—be specific
- Clearly define what you want to achieve through your presentation.
- Specify the desired result or change you aim for.

• Whom you want to influence, what you want them to know

- Identify your target audience.
- Clearly outline the information or knowledge you want them to gain.

• How, when, and where you will do it

- Describe the method or approach you'll use to convey your message.
- Specify the timing of your presentation.
- Identify the venue or platform where the presentation will take place.

• Written as a single statement

- Consolidate the above elements into a concise, single statement.
- This statement should succinctly capture your specific goal, the target audience, the intended knowledge or
outcome, and the key details of how, when, and where you plan to achieve it.
DESIRED REACTIONS
• Importance of describing
participant reactions
• Clarity in achieving purpose
and impact. DEVELOPING THE
THESIS
CENTER IDEA / KEY IDEA
• Written as a single statement.
• Summarizes your message.
• Supported by main ideas in your
presentation.
• Key ( Thesis ) Branches ( Main
Ideas )
 METHODS IN DEFINING A THESIS
Adler and Elmhorst offer practical methods:

01 02 03 04
Email Test: Craft a Key Learning Friend’s Inquiry:
Elevator Pitch:
concise one- or two- Points: Envision what
Imagine a brief
sentence email Identify minimum you’d want a
encounter—explain
communicating your takeaways if listener to convey
your idea before the
main ideas. listeners only hear a when asked about
doors close.
small portion of your presentation.
your remarks.
 REPITITION IS OUR ALLY. THE
THESIS IS OUR ANCHOR .
REPEAT IT;

IMPORTANCE Once in the introduction to set the stage.

OF Multiple times in the body for reinforcement.

REPITITION In the conclusion to leave a lasting imprint.

ENG 3A – Purposive Communication

Organize
the Body
by: Thea Nadine F. Abilla (BSARCHI- 2E)
 Organize the Body
Consider these two steps in organizing the body of your talk:

• Identify the details that support your thesis;

• Design your organizational plan.
Organize the Body
Before you organize your body,
• It must be clear to you what
your thesis is.
• Then you start gathering
information, examples, and
other details to support your
claim
• Once you have gathered all the
details you need, you are ready
to
• Organize your body One good
way to organize your talk is to
follow this outline (Addler &
Elmhorst, 2008):
 Patterns of
Presentation
The following are the suggested patterns of presentation:

Chronological pattern Spatial pattern

Use this pattern if you want to present your Use this pattern to show the physical
points following their sequence in time. It location of an object or how ideas are put
is commonly used to present a process or to together.
give instructions.
This pattern is also used to discuss events
that develop over time.
 Patterns of
Presentation
The following are the suggested patterns of presentation:

Topical pattern Cause-effect pattern

If you want to group your ideas This shows that events happened or
together under one topic or will happen as a result of some
category, use the topical pattern. circumstances.
 Patterns of
Presentation
The following are the suggested patterns of presentation:

Problem-solution pattern Criteria satisfaction pattern

You begin by presenting the problem and You present a set of criteria and proceed to
then propose solutions. Make the audience how you can satisfy each audience member.
recognize that there is a problem in the This is particularly useful when you are selling
present situation before you can present a product or service or an unpopular idea. You
remedies. make your audience accept first the criteria
that you set. Afterwards, present your proposal.
 Patterns of
Presentation
The following are the suggested patterns of presentation:

Comparative advantages
pattern

The comparative advantages speech format is utilized when a speaker is

comparing two or more things or ideas and shows why one of the things or
ideas has more advantages than the other(s)
 Patterns of
The following are the suggested patterns of presentation:

Presentation Motivated Sequence pattern

It follows a five-step process, which is usually very interactive. The steps are:
• Attention. Capture your audience’s attention by telling them about a problem.
• Need. Make them feel that the problem can affect them in many ways. They should
believe that you are there to help them find solutions.
• Satisfaction. Present the solution and show to your audience that it is workable.
• Visualization. Create a mental picture of the outcome of your proposal. Let your audience
imagine what will happen if your proposal is not adopted. Let them visualize how your
proposal will solve the problem and the benefits that go with it.
• Action. Encourage your audience to respond by asking them what they can do to help
solve the problem.
PLAN THE
INTRODUCTION AND
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 8: COMMUNICATION FOR

WORK PURPOSES
IV. PLAN THE INTRODUCTION AND
CONCLUSION

The introduction is the most important part of

your talk. This is the stage where the audience
forms their first impression of you and your topic.
Be sure that you plan your introduction carefully
because it will affect how your listeners respond
to the rest of your presentation.
 IV. PLAN THE INTRODUCTION AND
CONCLUSION

Consider the following functions of your introduction:

A. CAPTURE THE LISTENER’S ATTENTION
- It is difficult to capture the audience’s attention when they are
not ready to listen to your presentation or when their mind is filled
with so many concerns. To capture their attention, you can start your
talk by presenting a problem that concerns them or begin with a task
that challenges what they know about the topic.
IV. PLAN THE INTRODUCTION AND
CONCLUSION

B. SHOW HOW IMPORTANT YOUR TALK IS

- If your audiences see that the topic of your presentation is
important to them, they will be interested to listen. So, start by
telling them the advantages they will get by listening.
IV. PLAN THE INTRODUCTION AND
CONCLUSION

C. SET THE MOOD FOR THE TOPIC AND SETTING

- If your purpose is to encourage employees to continue working
productively together, acknowledge their outstanding performances
by highlighting the company’s improvement through the latter’s
cooperation and hard work. Make them feel good about themselves.
IV. PLAN THE INTRODUCTION AND
CONCLUSION

D. ESTABLISH YOUR CREDIBILITY

- This may no longer be needed if you are given a proper
introduction or the audience already knows that you are an
expert.
IV. PLAN THE INTRODUCTION AND
CONCLUSION

E. STATE YOUR THESIS CLEARLY - Before you proceed to

the body of your presentation, introduce your thesis clearly. Let
your audience know the objectives you set for your talk and how
you plan to achieve them. In this way, the listeners will be guided
and informed where you are leading them.
 How to begin
a presentation

1. Ask the audience a rhetorical question

without necessarily requiring for a response.
2. Begin with an anecdote.
3. Use a quotation to start up your talk.
4. Include startling facts in your opening.
5. Talk about your listeners’ needs and
concerns
6. Tell about the significance of the occasion.
7. Inject humor
Parts of the
conclusion
 Experts say that talks should not be ended abruptly with a
lame comment: That’s all for today. It is not proper and it
does not leave the audience something to think about. It

conclusion is, therefore, a must that the conclusion must be composed

of two parts: the review and the closing
statement.
 The review is a restatement of your thesis. For emphasis,
you have to mention your thesis once in the introduction,
Conclusion: two to three times in your body, and once more in the
conclusion. The review is something that the audience
review ponders after your talk.
 The closing statement aims to give your presentation a
sense of completion. Never leave your audience
Closing wondering if you have finished already or not yet. This is
the part of your presentation where you encourage your
statement listeners to do something in accordance with your
Purpose

Example:
“I can see that our time is just about up so to finish I'd like
to say thank you. I sincerely appreciate that I've had this
opportunity to present to you.”
Closing statement
1. Summarize the key points
2. Echo the core message
3.Use a powerful quote
4. Acknowledge others.
5. Make them laugh
 Several of the techniques used in opening a
presentation can also be used in your
closing.
As discussed above, they are: use of a
HOW TO CLOSE A rhetorical question, an anecdote, a
PRESENTATION quotation, startling facts, humor, talking
about listeners’ needs and concerns, and
telling about the significance
of the occasion.
 The following are other techniques that may
also be used in closing a presentation:

1. Go back to the theme where you

started. Refer to your theme and
HOW TO CLOSE A give new insights and further
PRESENTATION details. Give attention only to the
key points.
You can end a presentation on a
positive note by asking questions
and restating the theme of the
presentation.
 2. Ask for a desired result. You can
appeal for action after your
presentation. This works well if you
have been very persuasive, and your
HOW TO CLOSE A audience is emotionally invested.
PRESENTATION You can ask if you have anything
more to add or if you have any
questions. Importantly, ask them
about the learning the have.
 3. End with a challenge. The aim of
this technique is to demand your
HOW TO CLOSE A listeners to do something.
PRESENTATION You can ask them about what they
would do after the presentation. Is
there any realization, change of
mind and the like?
THANK
YOU
Group 5

GLINDRO, DARLING PEARL T.

MAGDAY, CARL JUSTINE P.
JALOS, PRINCE ROGAN
BASILIO, JAY MARK
CASTILIO, MARIA KRSITINA
SOMBRERO, CYRILLE
NIANGAR, JOCIEN
ABILLA, THEA NADINE