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    2.transmission Media

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    chuchu
    This document discusses different transmission media used for data communication and computer networks. It describes both guided media like twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber, as well as unguided wireless media such as microwave, satellite, broadcast radio, and infrared. For each medium, it covers characteristics, applications, pros and cons, transmission properties, and frequency ranges used.

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    2.transmission Media

    Uploaded by

    chuchu
    43 views27 pages
    This document discusses different transmission media used for data communication and computer networks. It describes both guided media like twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber, as well as unguided wireless media such as microwave, satellite, broadcast radio, and infrared. For each medium, it covers characteristics, applications, pros and cons, transmission properties, and frequency ranges used.

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    networking

    Original Title

    2.Transmission Media

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    This document discusses different transmission media used for data communication and computer networks. It describes both guided media like twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber, as well as unguided wireless media such as microwave, satellite, broadcast radio, and infrared. For each medium, it covers characteristics, applications, pros and cons, transmission properties, and frequency ranges used.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    43 views27 pages

    2.transmission Media

    Uploaded by

    chuchu
    This document discusses different transmission media used for data communication and computer networks. It describes both guided media like twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber, as well as unguided wireless media such as microwave, satellite, broadcast radio, and infrared. For each medium, it covers characteristics, applications, pros and cons, transmission properties, and frequency ranges used.

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    You are on page 1of 27

    Data Communications and

    Computer Networks

    Chapter 2
    Transmission Media

    1
    Outline:
     Design factors
     Guided transmission media
     Twisted pair
     Coaxial cable
     Optical fiber
     Unguided transmission media
     Microwave
     Satellite
     Broadcast radio
     Infrared

    2
    Overview
     Guided - wire
     Unguided - wireless
     Characteristics and quality determined by
    medium and signal
     For guided, the medium is more important
     For unguided, the bandwidth produced by the
    antenna is more important
     Key concerns are data rate and distance

    3
    I. Design Factors
     Bandwidth
     Higher bandwidth gives higher data rate
     Transmission impairments
     Attenuation
     Interference
     Number of receivers
     In guided media
     More receivers (multi-point) introduce more
    attenuation

    4
    II. Guided Transmission Media
     Twisted Pair
     Coaxial cable
     Optical fiber

    5
    a. Twisted Pair

    6
    7
    Twisted Pair - Applications
     Most common medium
     Telephone network
     Between house and local exchange (subscriber loop)
     Within buildings
     To private branch exchange (PBX)
     For local area networks (LAN)
     10Mbps or 100Mbps

    8
    Twisted Pair - Pros and Cons
     Cheap
     Easy to work with
     Low data rate
     Short range

    9
    Twisted Pair - Transmission
    Characteristics
     Analog
     Amplifiers every 5km to 6km
     Digital
     Use either analog or digital signals
     repeater every 2km or 3km
     Limited distance
     Limited bandwidth (1MHz)
     Limited data rate (100MHz)
     Susceptible to interference and noise

    10
    Unshielded and Shielded TP
     Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
     Ordinary telephone wire
     Cheapest
     Easiest to install
     Suffers from external EM interference
     Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
     Metal braid or sheathing that reduces interference
     More expensive
     Harder to handle (thick, heavy)

    11
    UTP Categories
     Cat 3
     up to 16MHz
     Voice grade found in most offices
     Twist length of 7.5 cm to 10 cm
     Cat 4
     up to 20 MHz
     Cat 5
     up to 100MHz
     Commonly pre-installed in new office buildings
     Twist length 0.6 cm to 0.85 cm

    12
    b. Coaxial Cable

    13
    14
    Coaxial Cable Applications
     Most versatile medium
     Television distribution
     Ariel to TV
     Cable TV
     Long distance telephone transmission
     Can carry 10,000 voice calls simultaneously
     Being replaced by fiber optic
     Short distance computer systems links
     Local area networks

    15
    Coaxial Cable - Transmission
    Characteristics
     Analog
     Amplifiers every few km
     Closer if higher frequency
     Up to 500MHz
     Digital
     Repeater every 1km
     Closer for higher data rates

    16
    c. Optical Fiber

    17
    18
    Optical Fiber - Benefits
     Greater capacity
     Data rates of hundreds of Gbps
     Smaller size & weight
     Lower attenuation
     Electromagnetic isolation
     Greater repeater spacing
     10s of km at least

    19
    Optical Fiber - Applications
     Long-haul trunks
     Metropolitan trunks
     Rural exchange trunks
     Subscriber loops
     LANs

    20
    Optical Fiber - Transmission
    Characteristics
     Act as wave guide for 1014 to 1015 Hz
     Portions of infrared and visible spectrum
     Light Emitting Diode (LED)
     Cheaper
     Wider operating temp range
     Last longer
     Injection Laser Diode (ILD)
     More efficient
     Greater data rate
     Wavelength Division Multiplexing
    21
    III. Wireless Transmission
     Unguided media
     Transmission and reception via antenna
     Directional
     Focused beam
     Careful alignment required
     Omnidirectional
     Signal spreads in all directions
     Can be received by many antennae

    22
    Frequencies
     2GHz to 40GHz
     Microwave
     Highly directional
     Point to point
     Satellite
     30MHz to 1GHz
     Omnidirectional
     Broadcast radio
     3 x 1011 to 2 x 1014
     Infrared
     Local

    23
    a. Terrestrial Microwave
     Parabolic dish
     Focused beam
     Line of sight
     Long haul telecommunications
     Higher frequencies give higher data rates

    24
    b. Satellite Microwave
     Satellite is relay station
     Satellite receives on one frequency, amplifies or
    repeats signal and transmits on another
    frequency
     Requires geo-stationary orbit
     Height of 35,784km
     Television
     Long distance telephone
     Private business networks

    25
    c. Broadcast Radio
     Omnidirectional
     FM radio
     UHF and VHF television
     Line of sight
     Suffers from multipath interference
     Reflections

    26
    d. Infrared
     Modulate noncoherent infrared light
     Line of sight (or reflection)
     Blocked by walls
     e.g. TV remote control, IRD port

    27

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