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    Earthquake

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    Denzil Karl Laoyon
    The document discusses earthquakes, explaining that they are caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates along faults which generates seismic waves, and it describes how the Richter scale is used to measure the magnitude or strength of earthquakes based on the amplitude of the seismic waves recorded by seismometers.

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    Earthquake

    Uploaded by

    Denzil Karl Laoyon
    13 views10 pages
    The document discusses earthquakes, explaining that they are caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates along faults which generates seismic waves, and it describes how the Richter scale is used to measure the magnitude or strength of earthquakes based on the amplitude of the seismic waves recorded by seismometers.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document discusses earthquakes, explaining that they are caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates along faults which generates seismic waves, and it describes how the Richter scale is used to measure the magnitude or strength of earthquakes based on the amplitude of the seismic waves recorded by seismometers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    13 views10 pages

    Earthquake

    Uploaded by

    Denzil Karl Laoyon
    The document discusses earthquakes, explaining that they are caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates along faults which generates seismic waves, and it describes how the Richter scale is used to measure the magnitude or strength of earthquakes based on the amplitude of the seismic waves recorded by seismometers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Understanding earthquakes

    Understanding earthquakes
    By the end of the end of the lesson you should
    be able to:
    • Define the terms: earthquake, seismic wave, focus,
    epicentre, seismometer, magnitude, Richter scale.

    • Explain what causes an earthquake and why everything


    shakes.

    • Discover what the Richter scale is and how an


    earthquake’s power can be measured.

    • Give examples of damage caused by earthquakes


    What are Earthquakes?
    Convergent
    Earthquakes are vibrations
    caused by earth movements
    at plate boundaries and at
    major fault lines (cracks in
    the earth’s surface).

    Transform

    They can occur at all


    major plate margins but
    the most severe
    earthquakes are normally
    found at Convergent and
    Transforn boundaries.
    Why do earthquakes happen?
    1. The two plates at a plate boundary
    cannot move past each other easily.

    2.The two plates


    lock together.
    Friction causes
    pressure to build up.

    3. Suddenly the pressure


    is released and the plates
    jolt into a new position. 4. This causes seismic waves.
    The vibrations they cause
    are called an earthquake.
    Anatomy of an Earthquake
    An Earthquake is the shaking of the ground
    caused by sudden motions along faults, or
    fractures in the Earth’s crust.

    Fault
    Plates
    A fracture in the rocks that
    make up the Earth’s crust. Massive rocks that
    make up the outer
    layer of the Earth’s
    surface and whose
    Epicentre movement along faults
    trigger earthquakes.
    The point at the Earth’s
    surface directly above
    the focus.
    Seismic Waves
    Waves that
    Focus
    transmit the
    The point within the Earth energy released by
    where an Earthquake an earthquake.
    rupture starts.
    A
    Forest
    Town

    Epicentre Focus

    An earthquake has occurred along this fault line. Match the


    letter with the correct label.
    How are earthquakes measured?

    1
    The Richter Scale measures the magnitude of a
    2
    tremor (how powerful it is) using an instrument
    3
    called a seismometer
    4
    5
    6
    The Richter Scale is measured 7
    on a scale from 1 to 10. 8
    9
    10
    It is a logarithmic scale which means
    that a size ‘6’ on the Richter Scale is 10 Richter
    times more powerful than a size ’5’ and Scale
    100 times more powerful than a size ‘4’. The largest earthquake
    (go up or down by a factor of 10) ever recorded was in
    Chile. It measured 9.5
    on the Richter Scale.
    1
    2
    The earthquake in 3
    Italy (August 2016) 4
    measured 6.2 on the 5
    Richter Scale. 6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    The Japan earthquake
    Richter (March 2011) measured
    Scale 9.0 on the Richter
    Scale.

    How many times greater was the Japan earthquake?


    Damage caused by Earthquakes
    Show what you have learned

    1. Explain what causes an earthquake and why everything shakes.

    2. Draw and label a cross section of a Convergent margin showing


    the following information.
    a. The location of the fault line and the two tectonic plates.
    b. Where the epicentre and focus of an earthquake are likely to occur.
    c. Show the pattern of the seismic waves caused by an earthquake.

    3. Define the terms epicentre, focus and seismic waves.

    4. Explain what a seismometer is used for and how the magnitude


    of an earthquake can be measured.

    5. Give some examples of damage caused by earthquakes

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