SB2h The Eye

Learning objectives Success Criteria

1. Identify the main parts of the
eye and their function. 1. Label a diagram, and match
2. Explain how light is focused on exercise.
the retina. 2. Highlight notes and answer
3. Describe common eye defects exam question.
(cataracts, long-sightedness, 3. Complete Strengthen
short-sightedness, colour worksheet including S1. EXT.
blindness) and how they can be E1.
corrected.
Key words: Retina, Lens, Ciliary muscles, suspensory ligaments, accommodation, focus,
colour blindness, short-sighted, long-sighted, cataract
What are the main structures in the eye?

retina (including rod

lens
and cone cells)

optic nerve
cornea

pupil (hole
through iris)
iris (the coloured
ring)

© Pearson Education Ltd 2016. Copying permitted for purchasing institutions only. This material is not copyright free.
 What are the functions of the main structures in the eye?
Lens focuses light on Light-sensitive cells in retina
the retina (muscles respond to light:
change the shape of • cones respond to colour
the lens to cause fine • rods respond to brightness.
focusing).

Curved outer surface

of cornea causes Neurones carry nerve
main focusing of light impulses from cones
on retina. and rods to the brain.
Pupil allows light
to enter eye. Muscles in the iris control the size
of the pupil and how much light
enters the eye.

© Pearson Education Ltd 2016. Copying permitted for purchasing institutions only. This material is not copyright free.
Recap- can you cover and name the parts of the Eye?

11/01/2024
Recap- can you cover and name the parts of
the Eye?
Iris
Sclera

Lens Retina – contains

rods and cones

Pupil

Optic nerve

Cornea

Suspensory ligaments
Ciliary muscles
11/01/2024
LO2: Highlight key points. Use them to answer the exam
question.
Detecting light
Focusing….. https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zpkhcj6/revision/7

• At rest the eye naturally focuses on distant objects,

therefore the eye has to work at focussing on near
objects.
• The cornea and lens together work at focusing the
image on the retina.
• Most refraction is at the cornea.
• The lens provides fine focus by changing shape to
provide for more or less refraction.
• Lens is enclosed in a capsule made of elastic fibres,
attached to the suspensory ligaments to facilitate
these changes.
Seeing things

Rays of light are refracted

(bent) first by the cornea
and then by the lens. They
focus on the retina.
…..
• The light rays then converge towards the retina.
• The lens is able to precisely focus the image because of its
ability to change shape.
• Focusing on a distant object, the lens becomes thinner.
• Focusing on a near object, the lens becomes fatter.
Seeing things at different distances

For distant objects the

ciliary muscles relax
and the suspensory
ligaments pull tight
making the lens pull
thin – the light doesn’t
bend as much.

For close objects the

ciliary muscles contract
allowing the lens to go
fat, thus bending the
light more.
Seeing things at different distances

For distant objects the

ciliary muscles relax
and the suspensory
ligaments pull tight
making the lens pull
thin – the light doesn’t
bend as much.

For close objects the

ciliary muscles contract
allowing the lens to go
fat, thus bending the
light more.
Distant Objects
• Lens pulled into thin shape by tension from the suspensory ligaments.
• Tension caused by:
• relaxed cillary muscles. These relaxed muscles cause suspensory ligaments to be pulled taut.
• Outward pressure of eye fluids on the wall of the eyeball.

Near Objects
• Focusing on near objects known as accommodation
• To do this the lens has to shorten to redirect the diverging rays:
• Cillary muscles contract.
• Suspensory ligaments slacken
• Therefore, the pull on the lens is reduced.
• Elastic fibres in the lens capsule contract, forcing the lens into a round shape.
• Lens now has a shorter focal length, therefore refracting the light more.
Fact Check
 SB2h The Eye
Learning objectives Success Criteria
1. Identify the main parts of the
eye and their function. 1. Label a diagram, and match
2. Explain how light is focused on exercise.
the retina. 2. Highlight notes and answer
3. Describe common eye defects exam question.
(cataracts, long-sightedness, 3. Complete Strengthen
short-sightedness, colour worksheet including S1. EXT.
blindness) and how they can be E1.
corrected.
Key words: Retina, Lens, Ciliary muscles, suspensory ligaments, accommodation, focus,
colour blindness, short-sighted, long-sighted, cataract
LO3: Vision problems
Fill in the gaps
LO2: Vision problems

Task- Complete the strengthen worksheet and S1.

EXT- E1
Plenary- progression Q (next slide)
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 SB2h The Eye
Learning objectives Success Criteria
1. Identify the main parts of the
eye and their function. 1. Label a diagram, and match
2. Explain how light is focused on exercise.
the retina. 2. Highlight notes and answer
3. Describe common eye defects exam question.
(cataracts, long-sightedness, 3. Complete Strengthen
short-sightedness, colour worksheet including S1. EXT.
blindness) and how they can be E1.
corrected.
Key words: Retina, Lens, Ciliary muscles, suspensory ligaments, accommodation, focus,
colour blindness, short-sighted, long-sighted, cataract