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FILARIASIS

1. Filariasis is a chronic disease caused by mosquito-borne parasites Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. 2. It is characterized by periodic fever, lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, and lymph edema. 3. Transmission occurs when an infected mosquito bites and deposits parasite microfilariae into the skin, which then enter lymphatic vessels.

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267 views

FILARIASIS

1. Filariasis is a chronic disease caused by mosquito-borne parasites Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. 2. It is characterized by periodic fever, lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, and lymph edema. 3. Transmission occurs when an infected mosquito bites and deposits parasite microfilariae into the skin, which then enter lymphatic vessels.

Uploaded by

Arun Shree R
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GUESS

This disease is caused by mosquito. The name of the disease is related to an animal. The character Naranathu Bhrantan has this on his leg. It is commonly seen in Alapuzha.

DEFINTION
It is a chronic disease, with periodic episodes of fever followed by lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, and lymph edema.

EPIDEMIOLOGY
AGENTS
1.Wuchereria bancrofti

2. Brugia malai

HOST FACTORS
Portal of entry is through skin.
Incubation period 8 -18 months. Source of infection infected case with circulating microfilaria.

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

LIFE CYCLE

The

microfilaria are transmitted by the bite of infected mosquito. The parasite deposited near the puncture site penetrate the skin on its own, and enter the capillaries and reaches the lymphatic system.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

CLINICAL FEATURES
There are four stages: 1.Stage of invasion.

2.Symptom less or carrier phase.


3.Stage of acute manifestations. 4. Stage of chronic manifestations.

DIAGNOSIS

By asking history of patient and find out the area where the client is living. Thick blood smear is taken at night between 8:30 pm and 12 midnight. If elephantiasis develops, it is an apparent sign of diagnosis.

Note wavy micro filarial worm in the thick part of blood film. Clumps of RBC (normal in thick part of film). Platelet clumps around the worm.

CONTROL MEASURES
The current strategy is based on:
1.Detection and treatment of human carriers. 2.Recurrent anti-mosquito measures.

DETECTION AND TREATMENT

Diethyl carbamazine (DEC) is the drug of choice. WHO recommends a total dose of about 75 mg /kg body weight for W. bancrofti. A smaller dose of 30-40mg/kg body weight for B. malai.

In Indian programme, DEC 10mg / kg body weight daily for 12 doses, to be completed in 2 weeks.
Treatment must be given usually for two years. Recently, levisomole hydrochloride is reported to have filaricidal properties. Now a days, DEC and levisoimole are given in combination.

THE RECOMMENDED DOSE OF DEC


18 yrs and above 12-17 yrs 6-11 yrs 2-5 yrs 0-1 yrs

- 300 mg single dose

225 mg single dose 150 mg single dose 75 mg single dose 30mg single dose

ANTI-MOSQUITO MEASURES
ANTI-LARVAL

MEASURES

The immediate aim is to reduce the transmission of infection and reduce vector population. -Mosquito larvicidal oil - Pyrosene oil - E

ANTI

ADULT MEASURES

The mosquito causing filariasis have become resistant to treaqtment. Therefore, anti-adult measures using these compounds like indoor residual spraying of Pyrethrum is effective. Personal prophylaxis is best achieved by using mosquito net and sprays.

National Filaria Control Programme

Started in 1955
Activities are:
Delimitation of the problem Control in urban area through Recurrent anti-larval measures Anti-parasite measures

BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS Premlata Divedi ; Communicable diseases; Edi 10; Ananth prakashan publishers; 2005; page no: 90-94. M.C. Gupta, B.K.Mahajan; Text book of Preventive and Social medicine; Edi 3 ;Jaypee publications ;New Delhi ;2003; page no: 274 - 276

B.T

Basavanthappa; Community Health nursing ; Edi 2 ; Jaypee publications; New Delhi; 2008; page no: 776 780. K.George Mathew, ; Community Health nursing; Edi 3; Elsevier publications; 2008; page no: 696 697. K. Park :Text book of social and preventive medicine; Edi 18 ;Bhanot publishers; 2005; page no: 211 - 216

WEBSITES
WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG WWW.MEDILINE.COM WWW.NURSINGCRIB.COM

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