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    Chapter 10

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    Kyla Santiago Miguel
    Constructivism is a learning theory based on the idea that people actively construct their own knowledge through experiences. There are two main views - individual constructivism which emphasizes internal knowledge construction, and social constructivism which views knowledge as socially constructed. Key characteristics include learners constructing their own understanding, new learning depending on prior knowledge, social interaction facilitating learning, and meaningful learning occurring through authentic tasks. Constructivist classrooms are student-centered with the teacher taking a facilitator role, knowledge shared between teachers and students, and learning occurring through social interaction and building on existing knowledge.

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    Chapter 10

    Uploaded by

    Kyla Santiago Miguel
    22 views19 pages
    Constructivism is a learning theory based on the idea that people actively construct their own knowledge through experiences. There are two main views - individual constructivism which emphasizes internal knowledge construction, and social constructivism which views knowledge as socially constructed. Key characteristics include learners constructing their own understanding, new learning depending on prior knowledge, social interaction facilitating learning, and meaningful learning occurring through authentic tasks. Constructivist classrooms are student-centered with the teacher taking a facilitator role, knowledge shared between teachers and students, and learning occurring through social interaction and building on existing knowledge.

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    Constructivism is a learning theory based on the idea that people actively construct their own knowledge through experiences. There are two main views - individual constructivism which emphasizes internal knowledge construction, and social constructivism which views knowledge as socially constructed. Key characteristics include learners constructing their own understanding, new learning depending on prior knowledge, social interaction facilitating learning, and meaningful learning occurring through authentic tasks. Constructivist classrooms are student-centered with the teacher taking a facilitator role, knowledge shared between teachers and students, and learning occurring through social interaction and building on existing knowledge.

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    22 views19 pages

    Chapter 10

    Uploaded by

    Kyla Santiago Miguel
    Constructivism is a learning theory based on the idea that people actively construct their own knowledge through experiences. There are two main views - individual constructivism which emphasizes internal knowledge construction, and social constructivism which views knowledge as socially constructed. Key characteristics include learners constructing their own understanding, new learning depending on prior knowledge, social interaction facilitating learning, and meaningful learning occurring through authentic tasks. Constructivist classrooms are student-centered with the teacher taking a facilitator role, knowledge shared between teachers and students, and learning occurring through social interaction and building on existing knowledge.

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    Constructivism:

    Knowledge Construction/
    Concept
    Contents
    Two views of
    constructivism
    Characteristics of
    constructivism
    Organizing knowledge
    Features of constructivist
    classroom
    Constructivism - Is a learning theory that educators use to help
    their students learn.It is based on the idea that people actively
    construct or make their own knowledge, and that reality is
    determined by your experiences as a learner. Basically, learners
    use their previous knowledge as a foundation and build on it with
    new things that they learn.
    • Constructivism is the theory that says learners
    construct knowledge rather than just passively take in
    information. As people experience the world and
    reflect upon those experiences, they build their own
    representations and incorporate new information into
    their pre-existing knowledge (schemas).
    Two views of constructivism
     Individual constructivism

     Social constructivism
    Individual constructivism
    • Also called as cognitive constructivism
    • It emphasizes individual, internal construction of
    knowledge.
    • It is largely based on Piaget’s theory.
    • Learners should be allowed to discover principles through
    their own exploration rather than direct instruction by the
    teacher.
    Social Constructivism
    • This view emphasizes that “knowledge exist in a social
    context and is initialy shared with others instead of being
    represented solely in the mind on an individual.
    • It is based on Vygotsky’s theory
    • Construction of knowledge is shared by two or more people
    • The opportunity to interact and share among learners help to
    share and refine their ideas
    • Knowledge construction becomes social, not individual.
    Characteristics of
    constructivism
    According to Eggen and Kauchak :
    1. Learners construct understanding.
    • Learners as active thinkers who interpret new information based on what they
    already know.
    2. New learning depends on current understanding.
    • Background information is very important
    3. Learning is facilitated by social interaction.
    • Believes in creating a “Community of learners” within the classrooms
    4. Meaningful learning occurs within authentic learning task.
    • Involves constructing knowledge and understanding that is so akin to the
    knowledge and understanding needed when applied in the real world.
    Organizing Knowledge
    • Concept - Is a way of grouping and categorizing objects or
    events in our mind.
    • It includes a group of task such as model, discuss, illustrate,
    explain, assist.
    • In your life as a student you would learn thousand of
    concepts, some simple ones, other more complicated that
    may take you to learn more gradually.
    • This concepts you learn are also revised as you learn more
    and experience more.
    A. Concept as Feature lists - learning a concept entails
    becoming familiar with the distinctive qualities that distinguish
    successful applications of the concept.

    1. Defining feature - characteristic that appears in all cases.

    2. Correlational feature - present in many instances that are


    constructive but not necessary for concept membership.
    B. Concepts as Prototypes – a prototype is a concept
    or a representation of a “typical” example. It is typically
    formed based on the positive experiences that students
    have the most frequently.

    C. Concepts as Exemplars – examples of all kinds are


    represented by exemplars. It enables students to understand
    that a concept's example may have variability.
    Making Concept-Learning Effective
    A. Give the idea a precise definition.
    B. Make the distinguishing characteristics stand out and be very
    clear.
    C. Give several uplifting examples.
    D. Give a few negative examples
    E. Give a "best example" or a model.
    F. Give students the chance to distinguish between positive and
    negative examples.
    G. Ask students to come up with a personal example of the
    concept.
    • Schemas and Scripts

    A. Schema - is a collection of knowledge about something


    that is organized. It is like a file of information you hold in your mind
    about something.

    B. Script - is a model that entails a sequence of predictable


    events regarding a particular activity.
    Applying Constructivism in Facilitating Learning

    A. Aim to give students a thorough understanding of a few key


    concepts rather than covering so many topics quickly.
    B. List several examples.
    C. Offer chances for experimentation
    D. Create many opportunities for worthwhile interaction
    E. Have a lot of interactive activities
    F. Connect your topic to actual events or situations.
    G. Don't always rely on the explanation method.
    Features of Constructivist
    Classroom
    What are the features of a constructivist
    classroom?
    • Tam (2000) lists the following four basic characteristics of
    constructivist learning environments, which must be
    considered when implementing constructivist teaching
    strategies:
    1) Knowledge will be shared between teachers and students.
    2) Teachers and students will share authority.
    3) The teacher's role is one of a facilitator or guide.
    4) Learning groups will consist of small numbers of
    heterogeneous students.
    Traditional Classroom Constructivist Classroom

    Strict adherence to a fixed curriculum is highly Pursuit of student questions and interests is
    valued. valued.
    Learning is based on repetition. Learning is interactive, building on what the
    student already knows.

    Teacher-centered. Student-centered.

    Teachers disseminate information to students; Teachers have a dialogue with students, helping
    students are recipients of knowledge (passive students construct their own knowledge (active
    learning). learning).

    Teacher's role is directive, rooted in authority. Teacher's role is interactive, rooted in


    negotiation.
    Students work primarily alone (competitive). Students work primarily in groups
    (cooperative).

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