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Gases

This document discusses the kinetic molecular theory and gas laws including Boyle's, Charles', and the ideal gas law. It provides examples of calculations using these laws and defines terms like pressure, volume, temperature, number of moles, and gas constant. The document also examines how real gases deviate from ideal behavior at different temperatures and pressures due to intermolecular forces and molecular size. It includes practice problems applying the concepts.

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Jhanny J
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25 views13 pages

Gases

This document discusses the kinetic molecular theory and gas laws including Boyle's, Charles', and the ideal gas law. It provides examples of calculations using these laws and defines terms like pressure, volume, temperature, number of moles, and gas constant. The document also examines how real gases deviate from ideal behavior at different temperatures and pressures due to intermolecular forces and molecular size. It includes practice problems applying the concepts.

Uploaded by

Jhanny J
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 3

Properties of Gases
OBJECTIVES
• state the basic assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory
• state & apply the Gas Laws
• Charles’
• Boyle’s
• Ideal Gas Law
• explain the deviation of real gases from ideal behaviour
Assumptions of the Kinetic Molecular
Theory
• The particle of gases are in constant, random motion. They continue in a straight line
until they collide each other or the walls of their container.
• The particles are so small compared to the space between them, that we do not consider
their size in ideal gases.
• No molecular forces are at work. This means that there is no attraction or repulsion
between the particles.
• Gas pressure is due to the molecules colliding with the walls of the container. All of these
collisions are perfectly elastic, meaning that there is no change in energy of either the
particles or the wall upon collision. No energy is lost or gained from collisions.
• The average kinetic energy of a gas particle is directly proportional to absolute
temperature.
Boyle Law
• Pressure is indirectly proportional to
volume if the number of moles of the gas
and the temperature are constant .
PV=k
P1V1=P2V2

If 22.5 L of nitrogen at 748 mm Hg are


compressed to 725 mm Hg at
constant temperature. What is the new
volume?
Charle's Laws

• Volume is directly proportional to temperature if


the number of moles of the gas and the pressure
are constant

V/T= K

V1/T1 = V2/T2

If I have 45 L of helium in a balloon at 25 °C and


increase the temperature of the balloon to 55° C,
what will the new volume of the balloon be?
Ideal GasLaws
• Ideal Gas Law
• combination of the Boyle’s, Charles’ Laws and Avogradro’s law
• applies to ideal gases

where P- pressure (in Pa or Nm-2)


V- volume (in m3)
n – number of moles of gas
R – gas constant (8.314 JK-1mol-1)
T - temperature (in K)
Question
1. If I have a 50 L container that holds 45 moles of gas at a temperature of 200°
C, what is the pressure inside the container?
Deviation of Real Gases from Ideal Behaviour
• the behaviour of real gases usually agrees with the predictions of the
ideal gas equation to within 5% at normal temperatures and pressures
• the kinetic theory assumes that gas particles occupy a negligible fraction of
the total volume of the gas and that the force of attraction between gas
molecules is zero
• real gases occupy space and there are forces of attraction between the
particles
• at lower temperatures, the molecules are moving more slowly on average
• any pull they feel back into the gas will have relatively more effect on a slow
moving particle than a faster one
• as pressure increases, the molecules are forced more closely together
Deviation of Real Gases from Ideal Behaviour
• if they are closer, the intermolecular forces will become more
important
• as pressure increases, you would expect more lowering of the
compression factor relative to the ideal case
• the molecules which slow down the one just about to hit the wall
will be closer to it, and so more effective
• as the pressure increases, at first the value of the compression
factor falls but it soon starts to rise again
• because at this point, the effect of the size of the molecules starts to
become more important - and as the pressure is increased even
more, this other effect becomes dominant
Deviation of Real Gases from Ideal
Behaviour
• deviation of different gases at a • deviation of N2 at different
particular temperature temperatures
QUESTIONS

1. I have 130 litres of gas in a piston at a temperature of 25°C. If I cool the gas until
the volume decreases to 85 litres, what will temperature of the gas be?
2. A gas occupies 900.0 mL at a temperature of 27.0 °C. What is the volume at
132.0 °C?
3. A sealed glass bulb is filled with pure nitrogen gas at a pressure of 2.0 atm.
The volume of the container is 500 cm3 and the temperature is 22 oC. Calculate
the number of moles and the mass of nitrogen gas within the bulb.
4. An unknown gas diffuses 0.25 times as fast as He. What is molecular mass of
the unknown gas?
QUESTIONS
1. A metal tank contains three gases: oxygen, helium, and nitrogen. If the partial
pressures of the three gases in the tank are 35 atm of O 2, 5 atm of N2, and 25
atm of He, what is the total pressure inside of the tank?
7. Blast furnaces give off many unpleasant and unhealthy gases. If the total air
pressure is 0.99 atm, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 0.05 atm, and the
partial pressure of hydrogen sulfide is 0.02 atm, what is the partial pressure of
the remaining air?

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