LESSON 8 Environmental Issues

LESSON 8:
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
TOPICS:
• Climate Change
• Solid Waste Managemant
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
• heighten awareness on the issue of climate
change; and
• demonstrate environmental awareness by being
part of thr solution.
TOPIC 1:
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change refers significant,

long-term changes in the global climate.
Causes of Climate Change
• Natural Causes
• Human Causes
Source: https://www.iberdrola.com/environment/climate-change-mitigation-and-adaptation
Natural Causes
1. Continental Drift
• Continental drift is the hypothesis that the
Earth`s continents have moved over
geological time relative to each other, thus
appearing to have “drifted” across the
ocean bed.
• This drift also have an impact on the

climate because it changes the physical
features of the landmass their position and
the position of the water bodies.
Natural Causes
2. Volcanoes
• A volcano is a rupture in the crust of planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava,
volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
• Volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling, while volcanic carbon dioxide, a
greenhouse gas, has the potential to promote global warming.
Natural Causes
3. The Earth Tilts

• Axial tilt, also known as obliquity, is
the angle between the planet`s
rotational axis and its orbital plane.
• Changes in the tilt of the earth can

affect the severity of the seasons - more
tilt means warmer summers and colder
winters; less tilt means cooler summers
and milder winters.
Natural Causes
4. Ocean Currents
• Axial tilt, also known as obliquity, is the angle between the planet`s rotational axis and its orbital plane.
• Changes in the tilt of the earth can affect the severity of the seasons - more tilt means warmer summers and colder
winters; less tilt means cooler summers and milder winters.
Human Causes
Greenhouse Gas Emission

Gases accumulate in the atmosphere, blocking
heat from escaping, and they don`t respond to the
temperature changes.
Greenhouse gas emission is the major human

cause of climate change.
• Carbon dioxide or Carbon IV oxide

• Methane
• Nitrous oxide
• Chlorofluorocarbons
• Sulphur hexachloride
Human Causes
Deforestation
Deforestation is the purposeful clearing and
removal of trees from a forest.
Deforestation also leads to to changes in the

landscape and the surface`s reflectively, which
leads to increase absorption of energy from the sun
that results in global warming leading to changes
in climate patterns.
Human Causes
Agriculture
Agriculture is the science, art, or practice of
cultivating the soil, producing crops, and raising
livestock and in varying degrees the preparation
and marketing of the resulting products.
One of the most common human causes of

climate change through emission of gases and the
conversion of forest into agricultural land.
Human Causes
Industrialization
Industrialization is the process of
transforming the economy of a nation or region
from a focus on agriculture to a reliance on
manufacturing.
Factors of Industrialization that affects the

climate change:
• Manufacturing
• Urbanization
• Commercialization
TOPIC 2:
Solid Waste Management
The collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material
that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no
longer useful. Improper disposal or municipal solid waste
can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions in
turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to
outbreaks of vector-bone disease. The task of solid-waste
management present complex technical challenges. They
also pose a wide variety of administrative, economic, and
social problems that must be managed and solved.
Solid Waste Characteristic
• Composition and Properties

This sources of solid waste include residential, commercial, institutional, and
industrial activities. Certain types of wastes that cause immediate danger to exposed
individuals or environments are classified as hazardous; these are discussed in the
article hazardous-waste management. All non-hazardous solid waste from a
community that requires collection and transport to a processing or disposal site is
called refuse or municipal solid waste (MSW).
• Garbage
• Rubbish
• Construction and demolition (C&D) waste
• Electronic waste or e-waste
Solid Waste Characteristic
2. Generation and Storage

Rates of solid-waste generation vary widely. The actual rates of refuse
generation must be carefully determined when a community plans a solid-
waste management project.
Most communities require household refuse to be be stored in durable,

easily cleaned containers with tight-fitting covers in order to minimize
rodent or insect infestation and offensive odors.
Solid Waste Collection
• Collecting and Transporting

The task of selecting an optimal collection route is a complex problem,
especially for large and densely populated cities.
2. Transfer Stations
A transfer station is a central facility where refuse from many collection
vehicles is combined into larger vehicle, such as a tractor-trailer unit.
SOLID WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL
INCINERATION COMPOSTING SANITARY LANDFILL RECYCLING

• It is a waste • A biological • Land disposal is the most • The collection
treatment process process in which common management
of waste
strategy for municipal
that involves the the organic solid waste. materials, their
combustion of portion of refuse • A disposal site that is processing or
organic is allowed to carefully selected, manufacture
designed, constructed,
substances decompose under into new
and operated to protect
contained in waste carefully the environment and products
materials. controlled public health.
conditions.
Solid Waste Management Program in the
Philippines
Intensified Environmental Protection: Solid Waste Management
Secretary Cimatu`s main priority is to improve the quality of our environment,

particularly in our air, water and address solid waste problems. Thus, the DENR will be
implementing environmental protection programs and projects.
For Solid Waste Management, the priority activities are: (1) closure if dumpsites; and (2)
establishment for material recovery facilities.
Solid Waste Management Program in the
Philippines
Solid Waste Management in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
As the local chapter of TAK, San Jose shall strengthen through an ordinance it
previously issued (Ordinance No. 831 0f 2017: An ordinance promoting the use of
reusable and biodegradable plastic bags and prohibiting the use of non-
biodegradable plastic bags providing penalties for violation thereof), waste
segregation at source and prohibition of disposable or single-use plastics including
placti bags, utensils, cups, straws, and stirrers.
THANK YOU!
Let us nurture nature to have a nurturing future
GROUP 5:
Nidoy Marvin
Doria, Jean
Vidal, Via Belle

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LESSON 8:

Climate change refers significant,

Causes of Climate Change

• This drift also have an impact on the

3. The Earth Tilts

• Changes in the tilt of the earth can

Greenhouse Gas Emission

Greenhouse gas emission is the major human

• Carbon dioxide or Carbon IV oxide

Deforestation also leads to to changes in the

One of the most common human causes of

Factors of Industrialization that affects the

• Composition and Properties

2. Generation and Storage

Most communities require household refuse to be be stored in durable,

• Collecting and Transporting

INCINERATION COMPOSTING SANITARY LANDFILL RECYCLING

Intensified Environmental Protection: Solid Waste Management

Secretary Cimatu`s main priority is to improve the quality of our environment,

Solid Waste Management in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro

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