ME 333

Heat Transfer

INSTRUCTOR:
ENGR. CHRISLEE JOYCE A. TORRES
ME 333 HEAT TRANSFER
Topic 7: Radiation Heat Transfer

RADIATION

• All bodies at a temperature above

absolute zero emit thermal
radiation
• the energy emitted by matter in
the form of electromagnetic
waves (or photons) as a result of
the changes in the electronic
configurations of the atoms or
molecules
• the transfer of energy by radiation 2
does not require the presence of *temperature must be expressed in Kelvin
(K) when evaluating a radiation transfer
an intervening medium rate
ME 333 HEAT TRANSFER
Topic 7: Radiation Heat Transfer

RADIATION
• electromagnetic waves are characterized by its
wavelength

Thermal Radiation
 the form of radiation emitted by bodies because of
their temperature

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ME 333 HEAT TRANSFER
Topic 7: Radiation Heat Transfer

RADIATION
Irradiation, G 𝜀+ 𝛼+𝜏 =1
- the rate of radiation is incident
on a unit area of the surface
𝟒
𝑮=𝝈 𝑻 Where the Stefan–Boltzmann constant is

For opaque (nontransparent) surfaces, the

portion of incident radiation that is not
absorbed by the surface is reflected back.
𝜺+ 𝜶=𝟏
Emissivity – effectiveness in emitting
energy as thermal radiation 4

Absorptivity - fraction of the radiation

energy incident on a surface that is
absorbed by the surface
ME 333 HEAT TRANSFER
Topic 7: Radiation Heat Transfer

RADIATION

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ME 333 HEAT TRANSFER
Topic 7: Radiation Heat Transfer

RADIATION
Emissive Power, E
- the net or total radiation reflected or emitted by a body per unit area
𝟒
𝑬 𝒃=𝝈 𝑻 𝑬
Emissivity - ratio of the energy radiated from
𝜺= a material's surface to that radiated from a
𝟒 𝐄 𝐛 perfect emitter, known as a blackbody
𝑬 =𝜺𝝈 𝑻
𝟒
 blackbody – the idealized surface 𝑬 =( 𝟏 − 𝜶 ) 𝝈 𝑻
that emits radiation at a maximum 𝑬 =𝜺 𝝈 𝑻 𝟒
rate

For opaque (nontransparent) surfaces, the 6

portion of incident radiation that is not
absorbed by the surface is reflected back.
𝜺+ 𝜶=𝟏
ME 333 HEAT TRANSFER
Topic 7: Radiation Heat Transfer

RADIATION
• the maximum rate of radiation that can be emitted from a surface at
an absolute temperature (in K or R) is given by the Stefan–
Boltzmann law as
Where the Stefan–Boltzmann constant is

˙ 𝟒
𝑸 𝒎𝒂𝒙 =𝝈 𝑨 𝒔 𝑻 𝒔 𝑊 𝑜𝑟
𝐵𝑡𝑢
h𝑟 ( )
 blackbody – the idealized surface that emits radiation at a maximum rate

• the radiation emitted by a real surface is less than that of a

blackbody at the same temperature and is given by:

( )
Where the Emissivity is 7

˙ 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑸=𝜺𝝈 𝑨 𝒔 𝑻 𝟒𝒔 𝑊 𝑜𝑟 for a real surface
h𝑟 for blackbody
ME 333 HEAT TRANSFER
Topic 7: Radiation Heat Transfer

RADIATION
Sample Problem
An uninsulated steam pipe passes through a room in which the air and walls are at
25°C. The outside diameter of the pipe is 70 mm, and its surface temperature and
emissivity are 200°C and 0.8, respectively. What are the surface emissive power and
irradiation?
Surface emissive power, E

Irradiation, G

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ME 333 HEAT TRANSFER
Topic 7: Radiation Heat Transfer

RADIATION
• Net Radiation
 the difference between the rates of radiation emitted by the
surface and the radiation absorbed
 depends on the properties of the surfaces, their orientation
relative to each other, and the interaction of the medium
between the surfaces with radiation

When a surface is completely enclosed by a

much larger surface, separated by gas, the net
rate of radiation heat transfer between these
two surfaces is:
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˙ 𝒓𝒂𝒅 =𝜺𝝈 𝑨 𝒔 ( 𝑻 −𝑻
𝑸 𝟒
𝒔
𝟒
𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒓 )
ME 333 HEAT TRANSFER
Topic 7: Radiation Heat Transfer

RADIATION
Sample Problem
It is a common experience to feel “chilly” in winter and “warm”
in summer in our homes even when the thermostat setting is kept the
same. This is due to the so called “radiation effect” resulting from
radiation heat exchange between our bodies and the surrounding
surfaces of the walls and the ceiling.
Consider a person standing in a room maintained at at all
times. The inner surfaces of the walls, floors, and the ceiling of the
house are observed to be at an average temperature of in winter and
in summer. Determine the rate of radiation heat transfer during winter
and summer between this person and the surrounding surfaces if the 10

exposed surface area and the average outer surface temperature of the
person are and , respectively
ME 333 HEAT TRANSFER
Topic 7: Radiation Heat Transfer

RADIATION
Sample Problem
Consider a person standing in a room maintained at at all times. The
inner surfaces of the walls, floors, and the ceiling of the house are
observed to be at an average temperature of in winter and in summer.
Determine the rate of radiation heat transfer during winter and
summer between this person and the surrounding surfaces if the
exposed surface area and the average outer surface temperature of the
person are and , respectively.
Assumptions:
1 Steady operating conditions exist.
2 Heat transfer by convection is not considered.
3 The person is completely surrounded by the interior surfaces of the room. 11
4 The surrounding surfaces are at a uniform temperature.
ME 333 HEAT TRANSFER
Topic 7: Radiation Heat Transfer

RADIATION
Sample Problem
Consider a person standing in a room maintained at at all times. The
inner surfaces of the walls, floors, and the ceiling of the house are
observed to be at an average temperature of in winter and in summer.
Determine the rate of radiation heat transfer during winter and
summer between this person and the surrounding surfaces if the
exposed surface area and the average outer surface temperature of the
person are and , respectively.
SOLUTION:

𝑸=𝜺𝝈 𝑨 𝒔 ( 𝑻 −𝑻 𝟒
𝒔
𝟒
𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒓 )
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ME 333 HEAT TRANSFER
Topic 7: Radiation Heat Transfer

RADIATION
Sample Problem
Consider a person standing in a room maintained at at all times. The
inner surfaces of the walls, floors, and the ceiling of the house are
observed to be at an average temperature of in winter and in summer.
Determine the rate of radiation heat transfer during winter and
summer between this person and the surrounding surfaces if the
exposed surface area and the average outer surface temperature of the
person are and , respectively.
SOLUTION:
˙ 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 =𝜀𝜎 𝐴 𝑠 ( 𝑇 4𝑠 − 𝑇 4𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟 )
𝑄
13

˙ 𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓 =𝟏𝟓𝟐 .𝟏𝟔 𝑾

𝑸
ME 333 HEAT TRANSFER
Topic 7: Radiation Heat Transfer

RADIATION

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ME 333 HEAT TRANSFER
Topic 7: Radiation Heat Transfer

RADIATION
Sample Problem
Consider a person standing in a room maintained at at all times. The
inner surfaces of the walls, floors, and the ceiling of the house are
observed to be at an average temperature of in winter and in summer.
Determine the rate of radiation heat transfer during winter and
summer between this person and the surrounding surfaces if the
exposed surface area and the average outer surface temperature of the
person are and , respectively.
SOLUTION:
˙ 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑟 =𝜀𝜎 𝐴 𝑠 ( 𝑇 4𝑠 −𝑇 4𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟 )
𝑄
15

˙ 𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒓 =𝟒𝟎 . 𝟗𝟗 𝑾
𝑸
ME 333 HEAT TRANSFER
Topic 7: Radiation Heat Transfer

RADIATION
• The surface may simultaneously transfer
heat by convection to an adjoining gas.
The total rate of heat transfer from the
surface is then:

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ME 333 HEAT TRANSFER
Topic 7: Radiation Heat Transfer

RADIATION
Sample Problem
Consider a person standing in a breezy room at . Determine the total
rate of heat transfer from this person if the exposed surface area and
the average outer surface temperature of the person are and ,
respectively, and the convection heat transfer coefficient is .

Assumptions:
1. Steady operating conditions exist.
2. The person is completely surrounded by the interior
surfaces of the room.
3. The surrounding surfaces are at the same temperature as 17
the air in the room.
4. Heat conduction to the floor through the feet is
negligible.
ME 333 HEAT TRANSFER
Topic 7: Radiation Heat Transfer

RADIATION
Sample Problem
Consider a person standing in a breezy room at . Determine the total
rate of heat transfer from this person if the exposed surface area and
the average outer surface temperature of the person are and ,
respectively, and the convection heat transfer coefficient is .

SOLUTION:
˙ 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 =h𝐴 ( 𝑇 𝑠 − 𝑇 ∞ ) + 𝜀𝜎 𝐴 𝑠 ( 𝑇 4𝑠 −𝑇 4𝑠𝑢𝑟 )
𝑄

˙ 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 6
𝑄
( 𝑊
2
𝑚 ∙° 𝐶 )( 1.6 𝑚
2
) ( 29 ° 𝐶 − 20° 𝐶 ) + ¿
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(
( 0.95 ) 5.67 𝑥 10 −8 𝑊
2
𝑚 ∙𝐾
4)( 1.6 𝑚
2
) [ ( 29+273.15 ) 4
− ( 20+ 273.15 ) 4
] 𝐾
4

˙ 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 =𝟏𝟔𝟖 . 𝟏 𝑾
𝑸
ME 333 HEAT TRANSFER
Topic 7: Radiation Heat Transfer

RADIATION
Sample Problem
An uninsulated steam pipe passes through a room in which the air and walls are at
25°C. The outside diameter of the pipe is 70 mm, and its surface temperature and
emissivity are 200°C and 0.8, respectively. If the coefficient associated with free
convection heat transfer from the surface to the air is 15 , what is the rate of heat
loss from the surface per unit length of pipe?.

Heat loss from the pipe is by convection to the room air

and by radiation exchange with the walls,

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ME 333 HEAT TRANSFER
Topic 7: Radiation Heat Transfer

Seatwork:
The hot combustion gases of a furnace are separated from the
ambient air and its surrounding which are 25℃ by a brick wall 0.15m
thick. The brick has a thermal conductivity of 1.2W/m-K and a surface
emissivity of 0.8. Under steady state conditions and outer surface
temperature of 100℃ is measured. Free convection heat transfer to
the air adjoining this surface is characterized by a convection
coefficient of 20W/m2-K. What is the brick inner surface temperature?

˙ 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅 =𝑸
𝑸 ˙ 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒗 + 𝑸
˙ 𝒓𝒂𝒅
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ME 333 HEAT TRANSFER
Topic 7: Radiation Heat Transfer

Seatwork:
The temperature of the flame in a furnace is 1277℃
and the temperature of its surroundings is 277℃.
Calculate the maximum theoretical quantity of heat
energy radiated per square meter to the surrounding
surface area.

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