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 FORMULATION AND ANTIBACTERY ACTIVITY TEST OF
NATURAL DEODORAN SPRAY COMBINATION OF ETANOL
EXTRACT OF SENGGANI LEAVES (Melastoma malabathricum
L.) AND BIDARA LEAVES (Ziziphus mauritina L.)
BIDARA LEAVES (Ziziphus mauritina L.)

Hijra Nur Hamka

NIM : 201320018

PHARMACY STUDY PROGRAM

2024
 Background

Staphyloccus DEODORAN
BAU BADAN
aureus SPRAY

DAUN
PENGUJIAN KEKAYAAN
SENGGANI
ANTIBAKTERI HAYATI
DAN BIDARA
 Research Objectives
Untuk mengetahui apakah sediaan deodoran spray alami kombinasi
ekstrak etanol daun senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) dan daun
bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana L.) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri pada bakteri
Staphylococcus aureus

Untuk mengetahui pada perbandingan kombinasi berapakah formulasi

deodoran spray ekstrak etanol daun senggani (Melastoma
malabathricum L.) dan daun bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana L.) yang
menghasilkan zona hambat paling baik

Untuk mengetahui kualitas fisik pada formulasi sediaan deodoran spray

alami kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun senggani (Melastoma
malabathricum L.) dan daun bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana L.).
 Research Methods
A. Research Type: Laboratory Experimental
B. Time and Place of Research: August 02 to September 27, 2023. In the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology
and Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology Solid Preparations, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of
Muhammadiyah Palopo.
C. Research Population and Sample
Population: Senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) and bidara (Ziziphus mauritina L.) leaves from Bajo village, Bajo
sub-district.
Samples: Extracts of senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) and bidara (Ziziphus mauritina L.) obtained from Bajo
village, Bajo sub-district.
D. Research Variables
Independent Variable: Deodorant spray combination of senggani leaf and bidara leaf extracts with composition ratio
F1 (1:1), F2 (2:1), and F3 (1:2).
Control Variables: Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
Bound Variables: Testing the antibacterial activity of deodorant spray using a combination of ethanol extracts from
senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) and bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana L.) leaves, as well as testing physical
properties including organoleptical evaluation, pH measurement, clarity assessment, and irritation testing.
Preparation of Senggani Preparation of Senggani
Leaf and Bidara Leaf Leaf and Bidara Leaf
Simplisia Extracts
• Each Senggani and Bidara leaf
• Senggani and Bidara leaves powder
• Wet sorting is done • 500 g was put in a glass jar.
• Washing Soaked with 70% ethanol 5000
• Sharpening ml for 5 × 24 hours
• Drying • The extracts were concentrated
• Dry sorting using a fan and water bath (for
• Pollination senggani leaf extract at 40℃
and bidara leaf extract at 90℃).
• Until a thick extract is obtained
 Deodorant Spray
Manufacturing Formula
The formula used in this study is a modified formula that refers
to the research of Kurniasih, (2021).

Formula
Material Function
F0 F1 (1:1) F2 (2:1) F3 (1:2)
Combined
extract of - 5% 5% 5% Active
senggani leaf Substance
and thistle leaf
Propylenglycol 5% 5% 5% 5% Kosolven
Glycerin 5% 5% 10% 15% Humectants
Methyl
paraben 0,1% 0,1% 0,1% 0,1% Preservatives
Perfume q.s q.s q.s q.s Fragrance
70% alcohol Ad 100 ml Ad 100 ml Ad 100 ml Ad 100 ml Solvent
 Deodorant Spray
Preparation Physical Quality Test
• Weigh the ingredients • Organoleptical Test
• Bottle calibration • pH test
• 100 ml • Clarity Test
• Vanilla aice perfume dissolved with a little • Irritation Test
70% alcohol (mixture a)
• Methyl paraben dissolved with a small
amount of 70% alcohol (mixture b)
• Put propylenglycol in beaker + glycerin
slowly in beaker
• Incorporate combined extracts of senggani
leaf and thistle leaf
• Add mixture b and then mixture a
• Added 70% alcohol ad 100 ml
• Put in Spray bottle
 Antibacterial Activity Test
• Sterilization of tools and materials
• Bacterial rejuvenation
• Media creation
• Preparation of bacterial suspension
• Staphylococcus aureus bacteria suspension
• Poured 0.1 mL into the media and leveled.
• Sterile paper disks that have been impregnated with
deodorant spray formulas F1 (1:1), F2 (2:1), F3 (1:2), positive
control (deodorant spray brand X), and negative control (F0)
are placed on the surface of the media and then gently
pressed down.
• Incubated at 37℃ for 24 hours
• Measure the zone of inhibition formed
 Results and Discussion
Extract Yield
Drying Shrinkage and Moisture Senggani Leaf Bidara Leaf
Content Test of Simplisia Plant Extract
Extract Extract

Plant Senggani Leaf Bidara Leaf Simplia Weight 500 g 500 g

Terms
Simplisia Simplisia Simplisia
Extract Weight 98,2 g 104,2 g
Drying
Shrinkage
8,165% 7,114% 10% Yield 18,8 % 20,84 %

Water
7,85 % 6,715% 10%
The quality of the yield is considered good
Content if the value is more than 10%, so the yield
of the extract obtained is declared good
because it exceeds 10% (Madjid et al.,
2020).
 Results and Discussion
Organoleptical Test pH test
Sunday Formula
Organolepti
To- cs F0 F1 F2 F3
Week
Formula Average
Shape Fluids Fluids Fluids Fluids
0 Color Clear Brownish yellow Brownish yellow Brownish yellow
0 I II III IV
Smell Vanilla Vanilla Vanilla Vanilla
Shape Fluids Fluids Fluids Fluids F0 5 5 5 5 5 5
I Color Clear Brownish yellow Brownish yellow Brownish yellow
Smell Vanilla Vanilla Vanilla Vanilla F1 5 5 5 5 5 5
Shape Fluids Fluids Fluids Fluids
II Color Clear Brownish yellow Brownish yellow Brownish yellow F2 5 5 5 5 5 5
Smell Vanilla Vanilla Vanilla Vanilla
Shape Fluids Fluids Fluids Fluids F3 5 5 5 5 5 5
III Color Clear Brownish yellow Brownish yellow Brownish yellow
Smell Vanilla Vanilla Vanilla Vanilla
Shape Fluids Fluids Fluids Fluids
IV Color Clear Brownish yellow Brownish yellow Brownish yellow
Smell Vanilla Vanilla Vanilla Vanilla
 Results and Discussion
Irritation Test Clarity Test
Occurrenc Occurrenc
e e Irritation
Week
Formula Time Formula
Degree Index
Erythema Edema
0 I II III IV
24 Hours 0 0 0
F0 48 Hours 0 0 No irritation F0 √ √ √ √ √
72 Hours 0 0
24 Hours 0 0 0 F1 √ √ √ √ √
F1 48 Hours 0 0 No irritation
72 Hours 0 0
F2 √ √ √ √ √
24 Hours 0 0 0
F2 48 Hours 0 0 No irritation
72 Hours 0 0 F3 √ √ √ √ √
24 Hours 0 0 0
F3 48 Hours 0 0 No irritation
72 Hours 0 0
 Antibacterial Activity Test Results
Inhibition Zone Diameter (mm) Power
Replicatio Avera p-
Bacteria Formula Replication Replication n inhibit
ge value
I II
III
K+ 27,25 25,25 23,5 25,33 Very strong
K-(F0) 16 14,5 10 13,50 Strong
Staphylococcu
s aureus F1 (1:1) 20,25 21,25 19,75 20,41 Very strong 0,000

F2 (2:1) 24,75 25,75 27 25,83 Very strong

Description: F3 (1:2) 34,25 35,75 32,75 34,25 Very strong
K+ = Positive control (deodorant spray brand X)
K- = Deodorant spray formula without extract (F0)
F1 = Deodorant spray formula with a combination of 20% concentration of senggani leaf extract and 40% concentration of bidara leaf in a
1:1 ratio.
F2 = Deodorant spray formula with a combination of 20% concentration of senggani leaf extract and 40% concentration of bidara leaf in a
2:1 ratio.
F3 = Deodorant spray formula with a combination of 20% concentration of senggani leaf extract and 40% concentration of bidara leaf in a
1:2 ratio.
 SPSS Test Analysis Results
Antibacterial Activity

Tests of Normality Test of Homogeneity of Variances

Concentratio Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk Zone of Inhibition
n Statisti df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
c Levene df1 df2 Sig.
K+ .184 3 . .999 3 .927 Statistic
K-(F0) .292 3 . .923 3 .463 1.855 4 10 .195
Zone of F1 (1:1) .253 3 . .964 3 .637
Inhibition F2 (2:1) .196 3 . .996 3 .878 • The data normality test obtained a
1.00
F3 (1:2) .175 3 . 1.000 3 significant value so that it can be
0
said to be normally distributed
because the sig value (p>0.05)
ANOVA • The data homogeneity test
obtained a significant value so that
Zone of Inhibition
it can be said to have the same
Sum of Squares d Mean Square F Sig
f . variation or homogeneous because
the sig value (p>0.05)
Between
699.608 4 174.902 50.332 .000 • The one way anova test obtained
Groups was <0.000. Because the p value
Within <0.05, the mean value between
34.750 10 3.475
Groups comparisons is significantly
Total 734.358 14 different.
 Conclusions and Suggestions
Conclusion Advice
1.Deodoran spray kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun senggani
(Melastoma malabathricum L.) dan daun bidara (Ziziphus Perlu dilakukan pengembangan penelitian
mauritiana L.) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap dengan menggunakan bakteri lain yang
Staphylococcus aureus ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona dapat menyebabkan bau badan
hambat yang ada pada setiap perbandingan. Deodoran spray F1
(1:1) memiliki zona hambat rata-rata sebesar 20,41 mm, F2 (2:1)
sebesar 25,83 mm, dan F3 (1:2) sebesar 34,25 mm

Perlu dilakukan pengurangan konsentrasi

ekstrak sebagai zat aktif untuk mengurangi
2. Deodoran spray F3 dengan perbandingan kombinasi ekstrak daun warna kecoklatan pada sediaan deodoran
senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) dan daun bidara (Ziziphus spray yang diakibatkan oleh penambahan
mauritiana L.) 1:2 menghasilkan zona hambat paling besar terhadap
bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan zona hambat sebesar 34,25 mm ekstrak sehingga warna sediaan lebih
yang dikategorikan sebagai respon hambatan sangat kuat menarik

3. Formulasi sediaan deodoran spray kombinasi ekstrak

daun senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) dan daun
bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana L.) F1 (1:1), F2 (2:1), F3 (1:2), Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut uji
dan F0 (tanpa ekstrak), dari hasil pengujian sifat fisik hedonik untuk mencari formula yang
berupa uji organoleptis, uji pH, uji kejernihan, dan uji disukai.
iritasi masing-masing menunjukkan sifat fisik yang baik
dan memenuhi standar parameter uji.
 Thank you
"Fastabiqul Khairat