Week 2 Bps

Presentation
The communication
or expression of
thoughts in spoken
words.
Speech
IS SPEECH ANY
DIFFERENT FROM
EFFECTIVE SPEECH/
Effective Speech
• Speaking effectively is defined as speaking in such a way that your message is

clearly heard and, if possible, acted upon. There are two main elements to
speaking effectively: what you say, and how you say it.
The art
of public
speaking
Cont.
• Public speaking is the process of presenting a spoken message to an audience,

small or large. You hear speeches almost every day. Each day when you attend
class, an instructor lectures. When watching a newscast on TV or via the Internet,
you get a “sound bite” of some politician delivering a speech. When you hear a
comedian delivering a monologue on a late-night talk show or the Comedy
Channel, you’re hearing a speech designed to entertain you. The skill of public
speaking builds on your normal, everyday interactions with others. In fact, as you
begin to study and practice public speaking, you will discover that it has much in
common with conversation, a form of communication in which you engage in every
day. Like conversation, public speaking requires you to focus and verbalize your
thoughts.
Speaking with confidence
41 per cent respondents reported public speaking as their biggest fear.

Death ranked only 6th.
• It is okay to be nervous.
• Understand your nervousness; Researchers have found that public-speaking anxiety is both a trait (a characteristic or general tendency that
you may have) and a state (anxiety triggered by the specific incidence of giving a speech to an audience).
• Public-speaking anxiety were fear of humiliation, concern about not being

prepared, worry about one’s looks, pressure to perform, personal insecurity,
concern that the audience wouldn’t be interested in oneself or the speech, lack of
experience, fear of making mistakes, and an overall fear of failure.
CONT.
• Another study found that men are likely to experience more anxiety than women when
speaking to people from a culture different from their own.
• There is also evidence that being a perfectionist may be linked to increased apprehension
when speaking to others.
• As you read the list of possible speaking-anxiety causes, you’ll probably find a reason that
resonates with you because most people feel some nervousness when they speak before
others. You’re not alone if you are apprehensive about giving a speech. Understanding
why you and many others may experience apprehension can give you insights into how to
better address your anxiety.
Your biology affects Your Psychology; Perhaps you’ve heard that the secret to
serenity is to focus on the things you can change, rather than on the things you
can’t, and to have the wisdom to know the difference between what is changeable
and what isn’t. For increased serenity when speaking in public, we suggest you
focus on behaviors that you can change, such as enhancing your speaking skills,
rather than on your biologically based speaking apprehension, which is much more
difficult to change. A better understanding of the biological reasons you feel
apprehensive is a good starting point on the journey to speaking with greater
confidence and serenity.
Your Psychology also affects Your biology; Your view of the speaking assignment, your
perception of your speaking skill, and your self-esteem interact to create anxiety.30 You want to do
well, but you’re not sure that you can or will. Presented with this conflict, your brain signals your
body to switch to its default fight-or-flight mode: You can either fight to respond to the challenge or
flee to avoid the cause of the anxiety. You body responds by summoning more energy to deal with
the conflict you are facing. Your breathing rate increases, more adrenaline pumps through you, and
more blood rushes through your veins.31 To put it more technically, you are experiencing
physiological changes because of your psychological state, which explains why you may have a
more rapid heartbeat, shaking knees and hands, a quivering voice, and increased perspiration.32
You may also experience butterflies in your stomach because of changes in your digestive system.
As a result of your physical discomfort, you may make less eye contact with your audience, use
more vocalized pauses (“Um,” “Ah,’’ “You know”), and speak too rapidly. Although you see your
physical responses as hindrances, your brain and body are simply trying to help you with the task at
hand. Sometimes they offer more “help” than needed, and their assistance is not useful.
Presenting your first speech
Your general purpose is the overarching goal of your

Determine your general purpose; speech. There are three types of general purposes for
speeches: to inform, to persuade, and to entertain.
Your specific purpose is a concise statement indicating

what you want your listeners to be able to do,
remember, or feel when you finish your speech. A
specific-purpose statement identifies the precise,
Determine your specific purpose; measurable audience response you desire. Deciding on a
specific purpose is not difficult once you have narrowed
your topic: “At the end of my speech, the class will be
able to identify three counseling facilities on campus and
describe the best way to get help at each one.”
Structuring 5- intro–
1- narrowing 2- general 3- specific 4- central
your speech/ body–
the topic idea idea idea
presentation conclusion
Speaking freely and ethically
Have a clear responsible goal.
Use sound evidence and

reasoning.
Be sensitive to and tolerant of
differences.
Be honest .
Don’t plagiarize.
Things to do
Requires more information and planning than an everyday conversation.
Is more formal
Involves more clearly defined roles of speaker and audience than conversation.
Empowerment
Critical thinking.
• Public speeches and cue cards have
been together ever since the process
began. Although cue cards are also
used in a variety of other forms they
Cue cards and have been associated with speeches
more often than not. There has
its always been a split between both
significance in audience as well as public speakers
about the usage of cue cards. Some
presentations consider it incorrect while some
happily embrace the concept.
• First of all using cue cards takes off the pressure that comes
with memorizing the speech. It is not necessary to write down
everything that composes your speech and then not preparing
for the speech, because that would hamper your flow during
the speech and that makes you look unprepared. It is always
useful to keep the cards as reference material just in case you
lose the plot.
• When you are holding your cue cards, it prevents unnecessary
hand movements thus improving your body language and
ADVANTAG enhancing the speech delivery style by leaps and bounds.
• Cue cards also induce pauses in your speech, which is a good
ES thing because you are delivering a speech not reading out a

paper and pauses play a vital role in improving the speech
delivery process. The pauses are induced when you look down
at your cards for reference. This makes your speech delivery
better.
• Cue cards may give an impression that you are not
prepared and are not well informed about the topic
at hand. This affects your connection with the
audience in a negative way, as the audience would
shift its focus from the content you have to offer, to
your style and the mistakes you make.
• When using cue cards you need to practice extreme
caution not to wander off track, since doing that
DISADVANTAG would make things worse and leave a permanent
dent on your public speaking career.
ES • Although cue cards have a mixed response and
different individuals would have an opinion of their
own, it is entirely up to you whether to use them or
not. If you can handle your own then go for it and if
not then practice as much as you can and overcome
the hurdles.
Activity
• Deliver a presentation of 2-3min on
a topic of your choice. Incorporate
all the concepts taught to you about
public speaking.
• Must make cue cards.
• Share your experience of using cue
cards. Did you find it useful
• How did it affect your speech
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Presentation

• Speaking effectively is defined as speaking in such a way that your message is

• Public speaking is the process of presenting a spoken message to an audience,

41 per cent respondents reported public speaking as their biggest fear.

• Public-speaking anxiety were fear of humiliation, concern about not being

Your general purpose is the overarching goal of your

Your specific purpose is a concise statement indicating

Have a clear responsible goal.

Use sound evidence and

Requires more information and planning than an everyday conversation.

ES thing because you are delivering a speech not reading out a

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