Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 34 views

    Edward Tolmans Purposive Behaviorism

    Uploaded by

    Jasperkent 20
    Edward Tolman's theory of purposive behaviorism emphasized that learning is always goal-directed and adaptive rather than merely stimulus-response. He believed organisms act with internal cognitive maps, latent learning, and intervening variables between stimuli and responses. Tolman's theory was influenced by Gestalt psychology, which viewed learning as active perception of organized wholes rather than passive responses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Edward Tolmans Purposive Behaviorism

    Uploaded by

    Jasperkent 20
    34 views12 pages
    Edward Tolman's theory of purposive behaviorism emphasized that learning is always goal-directed and adaptive rather than merely stimulus-response. He believed organisms act with internal cognitive maps, latent learning, and intervening variables between stimuli and responses. Tolman's theory was influenced by Gestalt psychology, which viewed learning as active perception of organized wholes rather than passive responses.

    Original Description:

    A PowerPoint presentation or Edward Tolman's Theory of Behaviorism

    Original Title

    EDWARD-TOLMANS-PURPOSIVE-BEHAVIORISM

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Edward Tolman's theory of purposive behaviorism emphasized that learning is always goal-directed and adaptive rather than merely stimulus-response. He believed organisms act with internal cognitive maps, latent learning, and intervening variables between stimuli and responses. Tolman's theory was influenced by Gestalt psychology, which viewed learning as active perception of organized wholes rather than passive responses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    34 views12 pages

    Edward Tolmans Purposive Behaviorism

    Uploaded by

    Jasperkent 20
    Edward Tolman's theory of purposive behaviorism emphasized that learning is always goal-directed and adaptive rather than merely stimulus-response. He believed organisms act with internal cognitive maps, latent learning, and intervening variables between stimuli and responses. Tolman's theory was influenced by Gestalt psychology, which viewed learning as active perception of organized wholes rather than passive responses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    EDWARD TOLMAN’S

    PURPOSIVE
    BEHAVIORISM
    PURPOSIVE BEHAVIORISM

    referred to as a Sign Learning Theory and is often seen as


    the link between behaviorism and cognitive theory.

    Tolman’s theory was founded on two psychological views:


    • Gestalt psychologies
    • John Watson, the behaviorist
    TOLMAN’S KEY CONCEPT
    • Learning is always purposive and goal-directed.
    He held the notion that an organism acted or responded for
    some adaptive purpose. He believed individuals do more
    than merely respond to stimuli; they act on beliefs,
    attitudes, changing conditions, and they strive toward goals.

    • Cognitive maps in rats.


    This is tendency to “learn location” signified that rats
    somehow formed cognitive maps that help them perform well on
    the maze. He also found out that organisms will select the
    shortest or easier path to achieve a goal.
    • Latent learning. is a kind of learning that remains or stays with
    the individual until needed.

    • The concept of intervening variable. Tolman believed that


    learning is mediated or is influenced by expectations,
    perceptions, representations, needs and other internal or
    environmental variables.

    • Reinforcement not essential for learning. Tolman concluded


    that reinforcement is not essential for learning, although it
    provides an incentive for performance.
    GESTALT
    PSYCHOLOGY
    Gestalt psychology was at the forefront of the cognitive
    psychology.
    It served as the foundation of the cognitive perspective to learning.

    Gestalt theory was the initial cognitive response to behaviourism.


    It emphasize the importance of sensory wholes and the dynamic
    nature of visual perception. The term Gestalt means “form” or
    “configuration”.

    Psychologist Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler and Kurt


    Koffka studied perception and concluded that perceivers (or
    learners) are not passive, but rather active.
    GESTALT PRINCIPLES

    • Law of Proximity. Element that are closer


    together will be perceived as
    a coherent object.
    • Law of Similarity. Elements that
    look similar will be perceived as a
    part of the same form.

    • Law of Closure. We tend to fill


    gaps or “close” the figures we
    perceived.
    • Law of Good Continuation.
    Figures with edges that are
    smooth are more likely seen as
    continuous than edges that have
    abrupt or sharp angles.
    • Law of Good Pragnanz.
    The stimulus will be organized into
    as good a figure as possible.
    • Law of Figure/Ground. We tend
    to pay attention and perceive
    things in the foreground first.
    THANK YOU!

    Reporters:
    • Henna Jane D. Bael
    • Ica Marie Panong

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy