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    Neurons Functions

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    drake
    Neurons have 5 main parts - dendrites, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, and axon terminals - that allow neural impulses to travel through the body. Dendrites receive messages and send them to the cell body, which passes them down the axon to axon terminals, which form junctions to pass the message to other neurons. Neurotransmitters are released at synapses between neurons to continue the signal chemically. Different neurotransmitters influence specific behaviors by affecting particular brain areas. Drugs can influence neurotransmitters by flooding the brain or inhibiting/boosting their production and function.

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    Neurons Functions

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    drake
    16 views13 pages
    Neurons have 5 main parts - dendrites, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, and axon terminals - that allow neural impulses to travel through the body. Dendrites receive messages and send them to the cell body, which passes them down the axon to axon terminals, which form junctions to pass the message to other neurons. Neurotransmitters are released at synapses between neurons to continue the signal chemically. Different neurotransmitters influence specific behaviors by affecting particular brain areas. Drugs can influence neurotransmitters by flooding the brain or inhibiting/boosting their production and function.

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    Neurons have 5 main parts - dendrites, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, and axon terminals - that allow neural impulses to travel through the body. Dendrites receive messages and send them to the cell body, which passes them down the axon to axon terminals, which form junctions to pass the message to other neurons. Neurotransmitters are released at synapses between neurons to continue the signal chemically. Different neurotransmitters influence specific behaviors by affecting particular brain areas. Drugs can influence neurotransmitters by flooding the brain or inhibiting/boosting their production and function.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    16 views13 pages

    Neurons Functions

    Uploaded by

    drake
    Neurons have 5 main parts - dendrites, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, and axon terminals - that allow neural impulses to travel through the body. Dendrites receive messages and send them to the cell body, which passes them down the axon to axon terminals, which form junctions to pass the message to other neurons. Neurotransmitters are released at synapses between neurons to continue the signal chemically. Different neurotransmitters influence specific behaviors by affecting particular brain areas. Drugs can influence neurotransmitters by flooding the brain or inhibiting/boosting their production and function.

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    Unit 3: Neurons and Their

    Many Functions
    The Parts of a Neuron
    • Neurons are composted of essentially 5 parts:
    – The Dendrites
    – The cell body
    – The axon
    – The myelin sheath
    – The axon terminals

    Each part does it’s job to allow neural impulses to


    travel through to other neurons, delivering
    information throughout our bodies.
    The Parts & their Functions
    • Dendrite: the bushy, branching extensions of a
    neuron that RECEIVE messages and send them to the
    cell body
    • Cell Body: the cell’s and neuron’s life support, sends
    the received message down the axon.
    • Axon: passes messages AWAY from the cell body to
    the axon terminals, then on to other neurons.
    The Parts & their Functions

    • Myelin Sheath: covers the axon of some neurons,


    helps protect the axon and speed the message along.
    • Axon Terminals: the ‘end’ of the neuron, forms
    junctions with other cells to pass the message on.
    How Neurotransmitters
    Communicate
    • Neurons use electrical
    signals, or action
    potential, to send signals.
    • The neuron either fires ‘all
    or nothing.’
    • How do we distinguish a
    large stimuli from a small
    one? (a slap vs. a pat?): it’s
    in the number of neurons
    that fire, the greater the
    stimuli, the greater
    number of neurons firing.
    How Neurotransmitters
    Communicate
    • Neurons are not connected, but there is a tiny gap they
    ‘talk’ over called a synapse.
    • When the action potential reaches the axon terminals,
    it starts the release of neurotransmitters, tiny chemical
    messengers.
    • The receiving neuron accepts the tiny transmitters,
    continuing the action potential to another neuron, and
    the sending neuron absorbs the remaining
    transmitters in a process called reuptake.
    How Neurotransmitters
    Influence Behavior
    • Several kinds of
    transmitters, for different
    jobs
    • Most transmitters have a
    specific path to the brain,
    affecting only particular
    areas, thereby influencing
    specific behavior/actions
    • The brain produces these
    naturally, but
    drugs/poisons/actions can
    flood our system with
    particular types.
    Types of Neurotransmitters
    • Acetylcholine: enables muscle action, learning, and
    memory
    • Dopamine: produces pleasurable sensations and
    reward, CNS uses for voluntary movement
    • Serotonin: affects mood, hunger, sleep, arousal,
    aggression and sexual behavior
    • Norepinepherine: helps control alertness and
    arousal, heart rate, sexual behavior, appetite
    • GABA gamma-aminobutyric acid: a major
    inhibitory neurotransmitter in CNS
    • Glutamine: major excitatory neurotransmitter,
    involved in memory, affects learning and memory
    How Drugs Affect Us
    • If the brain is flooded
    with endorphins
    constantly, natural
    production may cease
    • Some drugs inhibit
    neurotransmitters, while
    others boost production.
    • Antagonists bind to
    neurotransmitters and
    stop them from
    functioning
    • Agonists bind and mimic
    the effects, causing higher
    production.

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