SAS Report 1

8 Kinds of Love
1. Nonlove - Nonlove characterizes the large majority of our personal relationships, which are simply casual
interactions that do not partake of love at all.
2. Liking - results when one experiences only the intimacy component of love in the absence of passion and
decision/commitment.
3. Infatuated love - "love at first sight". Infatuated love, or simply, infatuation, results from the experiencing
of passionate arousal in the absence of the intimacy and decision/commitment components of love.
4. Empty love - emanates from the decision that one loves another and has commitment to that love in the
absence of both the intimacy and passion components of love. It is the kind of love one sometimes finds in
stagnant relationships that have been going on for years but that have lost both the mutual emotional
involvement and physical attraction that once characterized them.
8 Kinds of Love
Romantic love - derives from a combination of the intimacy and passion components of love. In essence, it is
liking with an added element, namely, the arousal brought about by physical attraction and its concomitants.
Companionate love - love evolves from a combination of the intimacy and decision/commitment components of
love.
Fatuous love - results from the combination of the passion and decision/commitment components in the absence
of the intimacy component.
Consummate love - love results from the full combination of the three components. It is a kind of love toward
which many of us strive, especially in romantic relationships.
Relations of Triangular Theory to Other
Theories of Love
Berscheid-Walster (1978) - distinction between romantic and companionate love is useful, but according to the
present framework, it is incomplete and not quite correct in that it does not distinguish between infatuated and
romantic love.
Maslow's (1962) - distinction between D-love (Deficiency love) and B-love (Being love) seems incomplete in
light of the framework presented above. D-love is closest to what is referred to here as infatuated love, whereas
B-love is closest to consummate love.
Tennov (1979) - concept of limerence deals only with what is referred to here as infatuated love.
Reik (1944) - viewed love as the search for salvation
Freud (1922) - viewed love largely in terms of striving for an ego ideal.
Theories of Love
Rubin (1970, 1973) has used psychometric methods to derive what he has called a Love Scale, which he has
distinguished from a Liking Scale.
The Love Scale
- based on a three-component theory of love: affiliation or dependent need, predisposition to help, and
exclusiveness and absorption.
Davis (1985) -is logically rather than factor analytically derived but has been tested using questionnaire data. He
proposed that love differs from liking by the addition of two clusters, a physical attraction cluster and a caring
cluster.
Theories of Love
Lee (1977) - who has proposed what he refers to as "a typology of styles of loving."
Eros - the love style characterized by the search for a beloved whose physical presentation of self embodies an
image already held in the mind of the lover
ludus - which is Ovid's term for playful or gamelike love
storge - a style based on slowly developing affection and companionship
mania - a love style characterized by obsession, jealousy, and great emotional intensity
agape - altruistic love in which the lover views it as his or her duty to love without expectation of reciprocation
pragma - a practical style involving conscious consideration of the demographic characteristics of the loved one.
Respective Courses of the
Components of Love
1. The intimacy component

Positive side - the decrease in
experienced intimacy is the result of
an increased amount of interpersonal
bonding. In other words, it results
from the relationship's becoming
closer, not more distant.
Negative side - The negative side is
that it often becomes difficult to
distinguish the close relationship from
no relationship at all because of the
lack of observable intimacy.
Components of Love
2. The passion component

Positive process - quick to develop
but also quick to fade
Negative process - slow to develop
and also slow to fade
A surge in passion can be experienced

almost instantaneously upon meeting
another individual to whom one is
attracted, whether physically or
otherwise.
Components of Love
3. The decision/commitment
component
The course of the decision/commitment
component of love over the duration of a close
relationship depends in large part on the success of
that relationship (and vice versa).
If the relationship begins to flag, the level of

commitment will begin a period of descent, and if
the relationship fails, in the sense of approaching
an ending, the level of commitment may go back
down to baseline.
It can be noted that the respective curves representing
amounts of intimacy, passion, and decision/commitment
show somewhat different forms. The differences can be even
greater than those shown here because of individual
differences in close relationships. Because of the different
forms of the curve, relationships will change over time. It is
necessary to have some way within the theory of
conceptualizing the nature of these changes.

SAS Report 1

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8 Kinds of Love

Reik (1944) - viewed love as the search for salvation

The Love Scale

ludus - which is Ovid's term for playful or gamelike love

storge - a style based on slowly developing affection and companionship

1. The intimacy component

2. The passion component

A surge in passion can be experienced

If the relationship begins to flag, the level of

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