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Lecture 1

Here is the distinction between research methods and research methodology with an example: Research methods refer to the tools and techniques used to collect and analyze data in a research study. For example, in a study about customer satisfaction with a new product, research methods could include surveys, interviews, and focus groups to collect customer feedback. Research methodology is the overall approach and framework that guides the research process. It involves determining the research design, sampling technique, data collection procedure, tools for analysis, and how results will be reported. For the customer satisfaction study, the research methodology may be a mixed methods approach using both qualitative and quantitative data. It would involve determining the sample size and characteristics, developing the survey and interview questions, analyzing both closed and open

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14 views

Lecture 1

Here is the distinction between research methods and research methodology with an example: Research methods refer to the tools and techniques used to collect and analyze data in a research study. For example, in a study about customer satisfaction with a new product, research methods could include surveys, interviews, and focus groups to collect customer feedback. Research methodology is the overall approach and framework that guides the research process. It involves determining the research design, sampling technique, data collection procedure, tools for analysis, and how results will be reported. For the customer satisfaction study, the research methodology may be a mixed methods approach using both qualitative and quantitative data. It would involve determining the sample size and characteristics, developing the survey and interview questions, analyzing both closed and open

Uploaded by

Hamza Naseem
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Research Methodology

I. WHAT IS RESEARCH?
 Research is a logical and systematic search for new and
useful information on a particular topic. In the well-
known nursery rhyme
Twinkle Twinkle Little Star
How I Wonder What You Are
 It is an investigation of finding solutions to….
 It is a search for knowledge, that is, a discovery of
hidden truths. Here knowledge means information about
matters
 Only through research is it possible to make progress in
a field.
 Research is not confined to science and technology only.
There are vast areas of research in other disciplines
 Applying the outcome of research
 Research is done with the help of study, experiment,
observation, analysis, comparison and reasoning
 Research is in fact ubiquitous(Omnipresence)
A. What are the Objectives of
Research?
 to discover new facts
 to verify and test important facts
 to analyse an event or process or phenomenon to
identify the cause and effect relationship
 to develop new scientific tools, concepts and theories to
solve and understand scientific and nonscientific
problems
 to find solutions to scientific, nonscientific and social
problems and
 to overcome or solve the problems occurring in our
every day life.
B. What Makes People do Research?
 to get a research degree (Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)) along
with its benefits like better employment, promotion,
increment in salary, etc.
 to get a research degree and then to get a teaching position in
a college or university or become a scientist in a research
institution
 to get a research position in countries like U.S.A., Canada,
Germany, England, Japan, Australia, etc. and settle there
 to solve the unsolved and challenging problems
 to get joy of doing some creative work
 to acquire respectability
 to get recognition
 curiosity to find out the unknown facts of an event
 curiosity to find new things
C. Importance of Research
 A research problem refers to a difficulty which a researcher or a scientific community
or an industry or a government organization or a society experiences. It may be a
theoretical or a practical situation. It calls for a thorough understanding and possible
solution.
 Research on existing theories and concepts help us identify the range and applications
of them.
 It is the fountain of knowledge and provide guidelines for solving problems.
 Research provides basis for many government policies. For example, research on the
needs and desires of the people and on the availability of revenues to meet the needs
helps a government to prepare a budget.
 It is important in industry and business for higher gain and productivity and to improve
the quality of products.
 Mathematical and logical research on business and industry optimizes the problems in
them.
 It leads to the identification and characterization of new materials, new living things,
new stars, etc.
 Only through research inventions can be made; for example, new and novel
phenomena and processes such as superconductivity and cloning have been discovered
only through research.
 Social research helps find answers to social problems. They explain social phenomena
and seek solution to social problems.
Emphasizing the importance of research
Louis Pasteur said: I beseech you to take
interest in these sacred domains called
laboratories. Ask that there be more and that
they be adorned for these are the temples of
the future, wealth and well-being. It is here
that humanity will 4 learn to read progress
and individual harmony in the works of
nature, while humanity’s own works are all
too often those of barbarism, fanaticism and
destruction. (Louis Paster – article by S.
Mahanti, Dream 2047, p.29–34 (May 2003)).
II. RESEARCH METHODS AND
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Isthere any difference between research


methods and research methodology?
 Research methods are the various procedures, schemes
and algorithms used in research.
 All the methods used by a researcher during a research
study are termed as research methods.
 They are essentially planned, scientific and value-neutral.
They include theoretical procedures, experimental studies,
numerical schemes, statistical approaches, etc.
 Research methods help us collect samples, data and find a
solution to a problem. Particularly, scientific research
methods call for explanations based on collected facts,
measurements and observations and not on reasoning
alone. They accept only those explanations which can be
verified by experiments.
Research methodology is a systematic way
to solve a problem.
It is a science of studying how research is to
be carried out. Essentially, the procedures by
which researchers go about their work of
describing, explaining and predicting
phenomena are called research methodology.
It is also defined as the study of methods by
which knowledge is gained.
Its aim is to give the work plan of research.
A. Importance of Research
Methodology in Research Study
 It is necessary for a researcher to design a methodology for
the problem chosen.
 One should note that even if the method considered in two
problems are same the methodology may be different.
 It is important for the researcher to know not only the
research methods necessary for the research under taken but
also the methodology.
He need to know
(i) which is a suitable method for the chosen problem?
(ii) what is the order of accuracy of the result of a method?
(iii) what is the efficiency of the method? and so on.
Consideration of these aspects constitute a research
methodology.
Assignment:

Distinguish between research methods and


research methodology with an example of
your own choice.

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