Sewege Treatment Plant

CONTENTS :
1) Introduction
2) Purpose of sewage treatment plant
3) Source of waste water
4) Layout of sewage treatment plant
5) Process of sewage treatment plant
6) Conclusion
7) Reference
INTRODUCTION
• Sewage Treatment Plant is a facility designed to receive the waste from domestic, commercial and
industrial sources and to remove materials that damage water quality and compromise public health and
safety when discharged into water receiving systems.
• The early attempts, in the 1900s, at treating sewage usually consisted of acquiring large farms and
spreading the sewage over the land, where it decayed under the action of micro-organisms.
• Methods of wastewater treatment were first developed in response to the adverse conditions caused by
the discharge of wastewater to the environment and the concern for public health.
• Further, as cities became larger; limited land was available for wastewater treatment and disposal,
principally by irrigation and intermittent filtration.
• The quantity of wastewater generated rapidly and the huge amount of wastewater exceeded the self-
purification capacity of the streams and river bodies.
• It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove various contaminants depending on
its constituents using advanced technology
PURPOSE OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
• Treatment plants remove pollutants and harmful substances from sewage, preventing the
contamination of natural water bodies. This helps protect aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity.
• Proper sewage treatment reduces the risk of waterborne diseases by eliminating or significantly
reducing pathogens and harmful microorganisms present in wastewater.
• The treatment process facilitates the removal of valuable resources from wastewater, such as
nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. These can be recovered and reused, contributing to
sustainable resource management.
• Sewage contains various pollutants, including organic matter, nutrients, and chemicals.
Treatment plants work to remove or reduce these pollutants, preventing water pollution and
maintaining the quality of receiving water bodies.
SOURCE OF WASTE WATER
• Domestic activities such as flushing toilets, bathing, washing dishes, and doing laundry generate
wastewater. This is often referred to as domestic or sanitary sewage.
• Industries produce wastewater through manufacturing processes, cleaning operations, and other
industrial activities. The composition of industrial wastewater varies widely based on the type of
industry.
• Businesses and commercial establishments contribute to wastewater generation through activities
like cleaning, food preparation, and other operational processes.
• Agricultural runoff can contribute to wastewater, especially when irrigation water or rainwater
washes fertilizers, pesticides, and other agricultural chemicals into water bodies.
• Groundwater and rainwater that enter sanitary sewer systems through cracks or improper
connections can add to the overall volume of wastewater.
LAYOUT OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
PROCESS OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
• Screening : Large objects such as sticks, leaves, and debris are removed through mechanical screens.
This helps prevent damage to downstream equipment and facilitates the removal of larger solids.
• Primary Treatment: In this phase, the sewage undergoes physical treatment in a settling tank or
clarifier . Heavy solids settle to the bottom as sludge, and lighter materials float to the top as scum .
The clarified liquid in the middle, known as effluent, moves on to the next treatment stage.
• Secondary Treatment: Biological processes are employed to further treat the effluent by breaking
down organic matter.
• Aeration tanks : provide an oxygen-rich environment where microorganisms naturally present in the
sewage digest organic pollutants . The resulting sludge, containing bacteria and organic matter, is
separated from the treated water.
• Tertiary Treatment: Additional treatment steps are applied to further improve the quality of the
treated water . Common methods include filtration, chemical treatment, and sometimes advanced
technologies to remove remaining impurities.
• Disinfection: Treated water is disinfected to kill or inactivate any remaining harmful
microorganisms . Common disinfection methods include chlorination, ultraviolet (UV) radiation,
or ozonation.
• Sludge Treatment and Disposal: The sludge generated during primary and secondary treatment
undergoes further processing . Techniques like digestion, dewatering, and drying reduce the
volume and make sludge easier to handle . Depending on the characteristics, sludge may be used
for land application, incineration, or sent to a landfill.
• Effluent Discharge : The final treated water, now meeting regulatory standards, is safely
discharged into a water body such as a river or ocean . Compliance with environmental
regulations ensures that the discharged water does not harm the receiving environment.
CONCLUSION:
 The sewage treatment plant effectively removed a significant portion of pollutants from the
wastewater, as evidenced by the reduction in key contaminants such as suspended solids,
organic matter, and pathogens.
 Compliance with regulatory standards for effluent discharge was consistently achieved,
indicating the plant's ability to protect the receiving water bodies from pollution and safeguard
public health.
 The efficiency of the treatment processes, including primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment
stages, was demonstrated through the measured reduction in pollutant concentrations and the
improvement in water quality parameters.
 Operational challenges and areas for improvement were identified, such as optimizing
treatment processes for better nutrient removal, reducing energy consumption, and enhancing
sludge management practices.
 Overall, the sewage treatment plant plays a vital role in mitigating water pollution, preserving
aquatic ecosystems, and supporting sustainable development in the surrounding communities

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CONTENTS :

2) Purpose of sewage treatment plant

3) Source of waste water

4) Layout of sewage treatment plant

5) Process of sewage treatment plant

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