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Cargo Handling
Operations
What is Cargo Handling?
Cargo handling refers to the process of loading,
unloading, and transferring cargo between different
modes of transportation, such as ships, trucks, and
planes.
It is an essential aspect of shipping logistics and freight
forwarding, as it ensures the safe and efficient
transport of goods from one point to another.
What is the importance of Cargo handling?
Cargo handling is essential for the smooth functioning of the
shipping industry and the transportation of goods worldwide.
Safe Transportation of Goods
Cargo handling ensures that goods are loaded and unloaded in

a manner that protects them from damage during
transportation.
Efficient Delivery - help reduce the time it takes to
load and unload cargo, which can speed up delivery
times and improve the overall efficiency of the
transportation process.
Cost-Effective - reduce shipping costs by optimizing

the use of transportation modes and minimizing the
time and resources required for loading and unloading.
Customer Satisfaction - ensures that goods arrive
in good shape and on time, repeat business.
Compliance - Cargo handling plays a crucial role

in ensuring that goods comply with local and
international regulations, such as safety standards
and customs requirements.
Types of Cargo
Breakbulk Cargo - This type of cargo is defined as non-
containerized cargo that is loaded and unloaded
individually. Break bulk cargo requires special handling
and often needs to be transported on a specific type of ship.
Break bulk cargo is often perishable, so it needs to be

shipped quickly. This type of cargo is also often heavy, so it
needs to be shipped on a vessel that can handle the weight.
Break Bulk Ships are available in two types:
Gearless: These ships can only dock at terminals
that have the necessary cargo handling equipment
because they lack their own cranes and/or other
cargo handling equipment.
Geared: These ships can dock at any acceptable
berth at the port for cargo operations since they are
equipped with their own cranes and/or other cargo
handling machinery.
What are Container Ships?
A vessel structured specifically to hold vast quantities of
cargo compacted in different containers is called a
container vessel (ship). The process of sending shipments
in special containers is known as containerisation.
These ships have made it feasible to transfer high

quantities of cargo at a time and have changed global
trade efficaciously.
What are the different sizes of container
ships?
Container ships are categorised into seven
major categories, depending on their size.
These include Small feeder ships, feeder
ships, feeder max, Panamax, Post-Panamax,
New Panamax and Ultra Large.
Why are container ships getting bigger?
Container ships are becoming more
advanced and bigger due to Increasing
market demand and cargo-carrying
capacity, greater operating efficiency and
improvement in environmental processes
and shipping operations.
Bulk cargo refers to unpackaged goods moved in
large quantities and transported in vessels
specifically designed for this purpose, such as bulk
carriers or dry bulk ships. Examples of bulk cargoes
include grains, coal, iron ore, cement, and fertilizers.
Liquid and dry goods are different types of bulk

cargo, each with unique characteristics and handling
requirements. .
HOW TO HANDLE BULK CARGO SHIPMENTS
Handling large shipments involves a series of steps
1. you must correctly identify and classify the type of bulk
cargo that is in transit. This information helps shippers identify
necessary handling equipment, storage requirements, and
potential hazards.
2. you must develop a proper plan for loading and unloading. It
involves selecting appropriate loading methods, determining
the order in which the cargo should be loaded, and ensuring the
vessel’s stability during transport.
3. proper documentation must be in place, including bills of lading,
weight certificates, and safety declarations. These documents are
necessary to comply with regulations and ensure a smooth customs
clearance process.
The selection of the correct type of bulk cargo ship is also critical.
4. effective communication and coordination between all parties
involved in the shipment, including the shipper, carrier, port
authorities, and cargo handlers, is essential to ensure a safe and
successful bulk cargo shipment. It includes pre-shipment planning,
real-time monitoring during transit, and timely reporting of any issues
or incidents.
Cargo Handling
Process
Cargo Handling Process
1.Preparation and Planning
1.Determine type of cargo to be handled
(breakbulk, containerized, bulk, etc.).
2.Assess volume and weight of cargo.
3.Plan logistics and transportation routes.
4.Ensure regulatory compliance.
Receiving Incoming Cargo
Receive notification of incoming cargo.

Prepare receiving area.
Verify documentation (bills of lading, customs forms, etc.).
Conduct initial inspection for damages or discrepancies.
Unload cargo from transport vehicles (ships, trucks, planes,
etc.).
Inspection and Documentation
Conduct thorough inspection of cargo for damages,

shortages, or defects.
Document inspection findings.
Update inventory records.
Handle any necessary paperwork (customs clearance,
permits, etc.).
Ensure compliance with import/export regulations.

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Cargo Handling

Safe Transportation of Goods

Cargo handling ensures that goods are loaded and unloaded in

Cost-Effective - reduce shipping costs by optimizing

Compliance - Cargo handling plays a crucial role

Break bulk cargo is often perishable, so it needs to be

These ships have made it feasible to transfer high

Liquid and dry goods are different types of bulk

Receive notification of incoming cargo.

Conduct thorough inspection of cargo for damages,

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