Presentation of Technical Training

Day - 1
Basics Technical Knowledge
Working of – On- Grid Power Plant

What is on-grid solar?

On-grid solar power system is a solar power generation system where it is connected to the utility grid. The
electricity produced by the system is routed to the grid from where it is used to run the various appliances.
Parts of Solar Power Plant – On – Grid
1. Structure

2. Module

3. Inverter
4. AJB(Array junction box) 5. ACDB (Alternating Current distribution box)
6. Solar Meter (Unidirectional)

7. Bi Directional Meter
Type of Modules
Mono and Poly Module
The solar cells can either be monocrystalline or polycrystalline.
Monocrystalline solar cells comprise the more premium panel since they
more effectively harness the sun's rays. But polycrystalline panels are less
expensive and can be a good option for high sunlight areas.
• Bifacial Module
A bifacial solar cell (BSC) is any photovoltaic solar cell that can produce
electrical energy when illuminated on both its surfaces, front or rear. In
contrast, monofacial solar cells produce electrical energy only when
photons impinge on their front sides.
 Type of structure
Penetrating
Penetrating is fixed with RCC
 Non- Penetrating
Non- Penetrating is not fixed with RRC
DC Cables VS AC Cables
DC cables are generally more conductive than AC cables, due to the fact that
DC electrical energy is transmitted more efficiently through a conductor than
AC electrical energy. This means that DC cables are typically smaller and
lighter than AC cables of the same wattage rating.
How to select the DC cables
The DC cables are used in solar panels so it will be situated outdoor, so the
selected DC cable must withstand certain factors.

High temperature
UV radiation
Fire
Ozone
Water
Shock
XLP Coated

The DC cable should be selected according

to factors such as voltage drop,
String DC cable strands,
operating voltage, etc.
 Working & Benefits of AJB
AJB is meant for combining all the incoming lines from the solar panel
strings/arrays and deriving one common string/array output for the
multiple array inputs. It also protects the solar inverter from any damage
caused by fluctuations in the output coming from the solar panels to the
inverter.
 Working & Benefits of ACDB
ACDB are critical for safe
electricity use because they serve
as circuit breakers when
uncontrolled energy or an
increased power surge flows
through the electric wires and to
the distribution board. ACDB
stands for Alternating Current
Distribution Box.
 Working & Benefits of Earthing
Earthing is defined as “the process in which the instantaneous discharge
of the electrical energy takes place by transferring charges directly to the
earth through low resistance wire.”
 Types of Earthing
There are three types of earthing,
they are:
Pipe earthing – Pipe earthing is a common
method of connecting to the earth's
electrical conductors by using a steel pipe.
Plate earthing- Plate Earthing is a method
where a plate made of galvanized copper or
iron is buried vertically at least 3 meters
below ground level.
Rod earthing- In this method of earthing, a
copper rod with a galvanized steel pipe is
placed vertically into the ground manually or
with a hammer to the desired value; the
lengths of the implanted electrodes reduce
the earth's resistance.
Chemical Earthing- Chemical Earthing is a traditional earthing system
whereby chemicals are added to earthing pits such as bentonite or
graphite-based compounds used that helps in improving the condition of
the soil and reducing the soil resistivity.
Advantages of Earthing
1. Earthing is the safe and the best method of offering safety. We know that
the earth’s potential is zero and is treated as Neutral. Since low
equipment is connected to earth using low resistance wire, balancing is
achieved.
2. Metal can be used in electrical installations without looking for its
conductivity, proper earthing ensures that metal does not transfer
current.
3. A sudden surge in voltage or overload does not harm the device and
person if proper earthing measures are done.
4. It prevents the risk of fire hazards that could otherwise be caused by the
current leakage.
 Working & Advantages of LA

Lightning generates voltage

surges in different ways and
they directly hit on your house.
It can strike wiring of the circuit
within the walls of the house.
Lightning can hit an object close
to your home to cause a surge
like the ground or a tree. So it
plays an essential role to
protect the electrical devices
and solar system from surge.
The proper protection for this
device is very necessary to
check the normal power supply
of rolling stock for smooth
running in electrified sections.
 Advantages of LA
The advantages of lightning arrestor are
• Property damage can be reduced from strokes of lighting.
• Provide Safety for solar system and all equipments from lightening
• Avoid damage in lines
• Outlet surges can be avoided
• Simple to use
1 SITE VISIT OF TRAINEE ON UPTO 10 KWP SITE
Day – 2
Basics Technical Knowledge
Verbal Test of First Day Learning – Ask 5 Questions

Working of Off- Grid System

When solar radiation hits the solar panels, free electrons get released that
create an electric current.
The DC energy from solar panels is converted to AC with the help of an inverter.
This AC power gets supplied to the load.
The excess power generated by solar panels is to charge the battery for the
power supply during the nighttime or on cloudy days.
Parts of Solar Plant – OFF- Grid
Parts of Solar Power Plant – Off – Grid
1. Structure

2. Module

3. Inverter
1. AJB(Array junction box) 2. ACDB
Battery
Difference between Conventional LA & ESE Type LA.
The difference between conventional and ESE lightning protection systems
lies in their approach to lightning protection. While conventional lightning
protection systems provide a low-impedance path for lightning current to
follow, ESE systems aim to attract lightning strikes to a more attractive
target
Area requirement for solar power plant on GI
Structure
Area required for GI structure 100sqf / KW
Area requirement for solar power plant on RCC
Structure
120sqf / KW
MPPT Means
MPPT or Maximum Power Point Tracking is
algorithm that included in charge
controllers used for extracting maximum
available power from PV module under
certain conditions. The voltage at which PV
module can produce maximum power is
called maximum power point (or peak
power voltage). Maximum power varies
with solar radiation, ambient temperature
and solar cell temperature.
Series design & its calculation for solar power plant
Earthing rod size & Material quantity – above 10KWp solar power plant
• Rod size – 1.5m
• Chemical Bag – 3 Nos.
• Earthing pit – 3 Nos.
• Earthing wire – 6 sqm ( for Structure and inverter)
• Earthing wire – 16 sqm for (LA)
• Thimble size- 16sqm, 6 sqm
• Nut Bolt size- M6

Earthing rod size & Material quantity – above 10KWp solar power plant
• Rod size – 3m
• Chemical Bag – 4 Nos.
• Earthing pit – 4 Nos.
• Galvanized strip size- 25*3
• Insulator- SP30
• Nut Bolt size- M6
 Type & size of GI Strip
Two type of earthing strip
Cu earthing strip
GI earthing strip
We are use 25*3 and 25*5 size of earthing strip on over solar plant

GI Strip Copper strip

 GI Earthing, cu- Bonded Earthing difference
G.I. earthing is preferred to be used in households while is used copper
earthing is usually installed in factories and industrial spaces due to very
low resistivity requirements

GI Strip Copper strip

 Number of earthing requirement upto 10KWp solar
power plant & its connections
Three earthing required up to 10KWp Solar power plant
Number of earthing requirement of 100KWp solar power plant &
its connections
Four Earthing required up to 100 KWp Solar power plant
• 1 earthing for structure
• 1 earthing for inverter
• 2 earthing for LA

Number of earthing requirement of 500KWp solar power plant &

its connections
• 8-10 nos. As per site requirement
1 SITE VISIT OF TRAINEE ON GI SHED STRUCTURE SITE
Type of check meter & Bi – directional meters & its
requirement

Single Phase Three Phase

This is required for monitoring a solar power generation

 Day -3
Basics Technical Knowledge
Verbal Test of second day learning –ask 5 question

Check meter & Bi- directional meter connections – single phase

Check meter & Bi- directional meter connections – Three phase
Check meter & Bi- directional meter connections –
LTCT Type
This meter we used CT’s(Current Transform)
Check meter & Bi- directional meter connections – HT
Type
 Bi – directional & check meter- meter reading
checking
In bi – directional meter we take a 2 readings
Import and Export
Net Reading (Final reading)
 Structure designing & its specification
Design a Structure as per site Location and requirement of energy.
The followings points for structure designing:-
• Maximum Power generation.
• Project cost as low as Possible.
• Maximum Stability and Strength of Structure.
• Utilization of Area to the maximum extent possible.
• Angle of structure.
 Grouting methods & its advantages
There are two following
method of grouting
Grouting with Hilti
Grouting with lokfix
Grouting with fastener
 M10, M15, M20 Terminology of civil foundation
M10, M15, M20, Ratios for civil foundation
Here the letter 'M' refers to
Mix( i.e. mixture) and
10/20/30 refers to the
characteristics
compressive strength of
concrete after 28 days of
precautions . M10/M20 etc
are called grade of
Concrete which indicates
the proportion of mixture
in concrete and
characteristics
compressive strength of
concrete.
 Difference between steel types – MS, SS-
204,SS-304, SS-316
Mild steel is alloyed using carbon whereas stainless steel has chromium as its
alloying element
SS-204
Stainless steel is a popular material used in many applications and industries due to its
strength, durability, and corrosion resistance. One of the most common stainless
steel is Type 204, also known as AISI 204. This type of stainless steel is especially
useful due to its properties and uses
Titanium (Ti) 0.10%
maxMolybdenum (Mo) 2.00-3.00%
Nitrogen (N)0.10%
maxChromium (Cr) 17.00-19.00%
Nickel (Ni) 8.00-10.50%
Sulfur (S) 0.030%
maxPhosphorus (P) 0.045%
maxSilicon (Si) 0.75%
maxManganese (Mn)1.00%
maxCarbon (C) 0.15%
maxIron (Fe) Balance
SS-304
304 stainless steel is known as food-grade steel because it is usually unreactive
with organic acids and is commonly used in food processing industries.

Ss 304 chemical composition is as follows

Element percent present
Nickel 8.00 – 10.50
Carbon 0.07
Manganese 2.00
Chromium 17.50 – 19.50
Silicon 1.00
Nitrogen 0.10
Phosphorus 0.045
Iron balance
SS-316-
Stainless steel 316 contains an addition of molybdenum that gives it
improved corrosion resistance. This is particularly apparent for pitting and
crevice corrosion in chloride environments.

(16%-18% Chrome, 10%-14% Nickel, .08% Maximum Carbon, 2.00%

Maximum Molybdenum)
 Difference between RCC & RBC Structure
Reinforced brick concrete Reinforced cement concrete
Cement , sand & gravel requirement calculation for minimum 1
sites
No of block required – 20 Nos.
No of Cement bag required – 5 Nos.
Sand requirement- 25ft.
Gravel – 40ft.

How many blocks are required for 100KWp solar plant in a ballast
structure
No of blocks required – 500 aprox (it can be increase as per site
requirement)
Cement, sand & gravel requirement for 700 ballast of 300mm
diameter & 420mm height

Cement bag Sand Gravel

145 to 150 Nos. 250 ft. 450 ft.

2 SITE VIST OF TRAINEE ON LEG & BALLAST STRUCTURE SITE
Day – 4
Basics Technical Knowledge
Verbal test of third day learning – ask 5 question
PSPCL Bill analysis
Net- metering, net- billing & gross billing policies
Net Metering is a system that gives solar energy owners credits for the power
that they add to the grid. When solar panels produce excess power, that
power is sent to the grid. And this power can be 'taken back' when the solar
plants are not functioning – example, during the night. Its vaild upto 500KW
Net- billing
Solar net billing works a little differently. The excess energy generated by your
solar system is “sold” to the utility for less than it would cost for you to buy
it as a customer. Your solar-generated energy is treated like any large-scale
energy producer or power plant selling energy to the grid. Instead of a
credit on your utility bill, you will get a rupee value based on the supply rate
or wholesale rate of electricity. It is valid above the 500KW
Gross billing
GROSS BILLING Definition & Legal Meaning Billing total product or service cost
with no adjustments or deductions. If ten units of product are bought at Rs
100, but two units are returned, the gross billing is still Rs 1,000. The
returned units are ignored. Its apply from above the 500KW
 Knowledge of CTs Ratios for meter
A current transformer (CT) is a type of transformer that is used to reduce or
multiply an alternating current (AC).
For example: CT ratio 100/5 Amp.
 Function of check meter & Bi- Directional meter

Check Meter means a meter or other composite measurement device which

is used by a master meter operator and which is used to determine
consumption by end-users served by the master meter operator.
There are following function or readings show in check meter
• Power (W)
• Voltage (V)
• Current (I)
• Frequency(Hz)
• Serial Number of meter
• Date and Time
 Bi- Directional meter
A bidirectional power meter is a device that is capable of measuring the flow
of electrical energy in both directions.
• Power (W)
1. Import
2. Export
3. Net Reading

• Voltage (V)
• Current (I)
• Frequency(Hz)
• Serial Number of meter
• Date and Time
 Multiple check meter allowed or not, if yes when..??

Yes, When we have large solar plant and in this cable length is
more in this condition we used multi check meter
For Example:
1. We have two different shed and these shed 1 to 2 is very
larger distance that’s why we are used multi check meter
2. In other case when we have more then multiple cable run
then in this case we are multiple check meter
Function of Relay rails and power manager
 Power Manager(DGPV)
DG PV Synchronization System is a
smart and intelligent hybrid
controller for Solar Plant and
Diesel generator. It allows the
cost-effective use of solar
energy to generate power and
reduce fuel consumption of
diesel generator. This is efficient,
low maintenance and reduce
resources, It allows the use of
the solar plant during the off-
grid conditions. It works as the
interface by connecting the
Solar plant, Diesel generator,
and Load. it works with all kinds
of inverter and diesel generator
manufacturer.
Knowledge of short rails & long rail structure on GI
Shed & its difference
Knowledge of short rails & long rail structure on GI
Shed & its difference
Structure designing & installation expertise – Ballast
type
Structure designing & installation expertise – leg type
– (an = a+(n-1) d formula)
0,1,2,3,4
Number of leg = a+(n-1) d
= 0+(7-1)1
=(6) 1
number of leg =6
1 SITE VISIT OF TRAINEE ON GI SHED STRUCTURE SITE
Day – 5
Basics Technical Knowledge
Verbal test of Fourth day learning – ask 5 Question
Site survey form filling
Sheet profile form filling
Module cleaning system calculations
Walkways & safety line calculations
 Working of – Hybrid – Grid
Parts of solar Power Plant – Hybrid – Grid
 Shadow analysis
• s = h/tan θ
• where, s is the shadow length,
• h is the height of object,
• θ is the angle of elevation.
Problem 1. Find the length of the shadow of an object at a height of 5 m if the
angle of elevation is 45°
Solution: We have,
h=5
θ = 45 °
Using the formula for shadow length, we have
s = h/tan θ
= 5/tan 45°
= 5/1
=5m
 Site survey expertise upto 10KWp SPG
A Site Survey is done to collect information about various aspects such as local
condition, Physical detail of the site, Dimensions of site and the consumer’s
power consumption needed. Some of the information collected is:-
• Local climatic conditions.
• Physical Details of site.
• The consumer power consumption needs.
• Shading on the roof and so on.
• Collect a customer details.
• Site location should be proper south 180°
1 SITE VISIT OF TRAINEE ON GI SHED STRUCTURE SITE WITH
WALKWAYS, SAFETY LINE & CLEANING
Day – 15
Practical Technical Knowledge
Verbal test of all 5 days learning – ask 10 questions

Do you know how to do registration on PSPCL Portal

Inspection, work completion & JCR Reports on PSPCL Portal
Documentation required for net- metering for PSPCL Office
Bankers cheque analysis for mistakes
Cable route planning for minimum loss & best aesthetics of site
Structure assembly & alignment
Day – 30
Practical Technical Knowledge
Verbal test of all days learning – ask 10 question
• Complete Installation Expertise upto 10KWp solar power plant
Day- 60
Practical Technical Knowledge
Verbal test of all days learning – ask 10 question
ESE Type LA Calculation & requirement for > 10KWp sites
Excel sheet expertise
Current loss calculation with increase in length of cable
Size of aluminium AC Cable required – 50KW – Solar power plant – 100 meter
length to keep loss less than 2 %
Size of aluminium AC Cable required – 100KW – Solar power plant – 200
meter length to keep loss less than 2 %
Size of aluminium AC Cable required – 500KW – Solar power plant – 250
meter length & How many run of cable required to keep loss less than 2 %
Site survey expertise 11KWp to 100KWp solar power plant
Inverters requirement & calculation for sites > 50KWp
 Benefits of more Bus Bars in solar Modules

An electrical bus bar is defined as a conductor or a group of conductor used

for collecting electric power from the incoming feeders and distributes
them to the outgoing feeders.
AC Cables requirement & calculation for sites > 10KWp

Cable size 4 sqm to 6 sqm copper cable

Cable length 30 to 40m
cable length is fixed by TATA POWER SOLAR
Day- 90
Practical Technical Knowledge
Verbal test of all days learning – ask 10 question
Site survey expertise above 100KWp solar power plant
Complete installation expertise 11KWp to 100KWp solar Power Plant
Service expertise – upto 10KWp solar power plant
FSR Filling- service report
 Function of optimizers & its use & its connections
A solar power optimizer is a module-level power electronic that optimizes
power output and increases efficiency. Our integrated circuits and
reference designs help you create solar power optimizers that improve
power density and efficiency and enable real-time communication and
monitoring.
Site survey expertise above 100KWp solar power plant
A Site Survey is done to collect information about various aspects such as
local condition, Physical detail of the site, Dimensions of site and the
consumer’s power consumption needed. Some of the information
collected is:-
• Local climatic conditions.
• Physical Details of site.
• The consumer power consumption needs.
• Shading on the roof and so on.
• Collect a customer details.
• Collect the hard copy of electricity bill
• Collect the visiting card and contact number of firm
• Collect the customer electrical panel detail such as Bus bar space, MCCB ,
ACB rating, DG Capacity rating, Transform rating
Configuration of inverter for remote monitoring
Configuration of I-Tap
Day- 120
Practical Technical Knowledge

Verbal test of all days learning – ask 10 question

Service expertise – 11KWp to 100KWp solar power plant
Day- 180
Practical Technical Knowledge
Verbal test of all days learning –ask 10 question
Complete installation expertise more than 100KWp solar power plant
Service expertise – more than 100KWp solar power plant