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DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENT
MARKETS FOR STOCK AND
BONDS SUBMITTED BY: CEDRIC AVIRA & JONATHAN ABALLE Stocks and bonds are two primary types of financial instruments available in the market, each catering to different types of investors and serving different purposes in finance. Here's a brief overview of the different markets for stocks and bonds: STOCK MARKETS
• Stock markets, also known as equity markets, are
platforms where shares of publicly traded companies are bought and sold. Investors in the stock market can gain ownership stakes in companies, potentially benefiting from dividends and capital gains if the company grows in value. The stock market is divided into two main segments PRIMARY MARKET • This is where new issues of stocks, known as Initial Public Offerings (IPOs), are sold directly to investors. The primary market facilitates companies to raise new capital from investors. Secondary Market: After stocks are issued in the primary market, they are traded among investors in the secondary market. This is what most people refer to when they talk about the stock market (e.g., the New York Stock Exchange or Nasdaq). Prices in the secondary market fluctuate based on supply and demand. BOND MARKETS Bond markets, or fixed-income markets, involve the trading of debt securities. When investors buy bonds, they are essentially lending money to the issuer (which can be governments, municipalities, or corporations) in exchange for periodic interest payments and the return of the bond's face value at maturity. The bond market also has two main segments PRIMARY MARKET FOR BONDS • This is where new bonds are issued and sold to investors, allowing issuers to raise capital. The terms of the bond, including the interest rate and maturity date, are determined at issuance. Secondary Market for Bonds: After bonds are issued, they can be bought and sold among investors in the secondary market. Bond prices in the secondary market can fluctuate based on changes in interest rates, the creditworthiness of the issuer, and other factors. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STOCK AND BOND MARKETS RISK AND RETURN: Stocks are generally considered riskier than bonds but offer higher potential returns. Bonds are seen as safer investments, providing regular income through interest payments, but with lower potential returns compared to stocks. Ownership vs. Debt: Buying stocks gives investors partial ownership in a company, while buying bonds means lending money to the issuer. Income: Stocks may pay dividends, which are not guaranteed and can vary. Bonds typically pay fixed or variable interest, offering more predictable income. Market Volatility: Stock markets tend to be more volatile than bond markets, reflecting the higher risk and potential reward of equity investments. Both markets play crucial roles in the global financial system, offering opportunities for growth, income, and diversification to investors.