BASIC PROGRAMS

// Simple C program to display "Hello World"

// Header file for input output functions

#include <stdio.h>

// main function -
// where the execution of program begins
int main()
{

// prints hello world

printf("Hello World");

return 0;
}
TO PRINT YOUR NAME

// C program to demonstrate printing of

// our own name using printf()
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
// print name
printf("Name : GeeksforGeeks");
return 0;
}
 NAME USING SCANF

// C program to demonstrate printing of

// our own name using scanf()
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
char name[20];
printf("Enter name: ");

// user input will be taken here

scanf("%s", name);
printf("Your name is %s.", name);
return 0;
}
 PRINT INTEGER VALUE

// C Program to Print
// Integer value
#include <stdio.h>

// Driver code
int main()
{
// Declaring integer
int x = 5;

// Printing values
printf("Printing Integer value %d", x);
return 0;
}
 READ INTEGER VALUE
// C program to take an integer
// as input and print it
#include <stdio.h>

// Driver code
int main()
{
// Declare the variables
int num;

// Input the integer

printf("Enter the integer: ");
scanf("%d", &num);

// Display the integer

printf("Entered integer is: %d", num);

return 0;
}
 ADD TWO NUMBERS
// C program to add two numbers
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int A, B, sum = 0;

// Ask user to enter the two numbers

printf("Enter two numbers A and B : \n");

// Read two numbers from the user || A = 2, B = 3

scanf("%d%d", &A, &B);

// Calculate the addition of A and B

// using '+' operator
sum = A + B;

// Print the sum

printf("Sum of A and B is: %d", sum);

return 0;
 TO CHECK NUMBER IS PRIME OR NOT
// C Program to check for prime number using
Simple Approach
#include <stdio.h>

// Function to check prime number

void checkPrime(int N)
{
// initially, flag is set to true or 1
int flag = 1;

// loop to iterate through 2 to N/2

for (int i = 2; i <= N / 2; i++) {

// if N is perfectly divisible
by i
// flag is set to 0 i.e false
if (N % i == 0) {
flag = 0;
break;
}
}
TO MULTIPLY TWO FLOATING POINT NUMBERS
// C program to multiply two
// floating point numbers
#include <stdio.h>

// Function to multiply floating

point
// numbers
float multiply(float a, float b)
{
return a * b;
}

// Driver code
int main()
{
float A = 2.12, B =
3.88, product;

// Calling product
function
product = multiply(A,
TO FIND SIZE OF DATATYPE
// C program to find the size of int,
char,
// float and double data types

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int integerType;
char charType;
float floatType;
double doubleType;

// Calculate and Print

// the size of integer type
printf("Size of int is: %ld",
sizeof(integerType));

// Calculate and Print

// the size of charType
 SIMPLE INTEREST
// C program to implement
// the above approach
#include <stdio.h>

// Driver code
int main()
{
// We can change values here
for
// different inputs
float P = 1, R = 1, T = 1;

// Calculate simple interest

float SI = (P * T * R) / 100;

// Print Simple Interest

printf("Simple Interest = %f\
n", SI);
SUM OF NATURAL NUMBER USING WHILE
LOOP
// C Program to demonstrate
// Sum of Natural Numbers
// using while loops

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, s = 0;
int n = 10;
i = 1;

// while loop executes

// the statements until the
// condition is false
while (i <= n) {

// adding natural numbers

// up to given number n
s += i;
SUM OF NATURAL NUMBER USING FOR
LOOP
// C Program to demonstrate
// Sum of Natural Numbers
// using for loops
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{

int i, s = 0;
int n = 10;

for (i = 0; i <= n; i++) {

// adding natural
numbers
// up to given
number n
s += i;
SUM OF NATURAL NUMBER USING
RECURSION
// C Program to demonstrate
// Sum of Natural Numbers
// using recursion
#include <stdio.h>

int sumofnaturalnumbers(int num)

{
if (num != 0)

// adding natural numbers up

to given number n
return num +
sumofnaturalnumbers(num - 1);
else
return num;
}

int main()
SUM OF NATURAL NUMBERS USING
FUNCTIONS
// C Program to demonstrate
// Sum of Natural Numbers
// using functions
#include <stdio.h>

int sumofnaturalnumbers(int
num)
{
int i, s = 0;
for (i = 0; i <= num; i++)
{

// adding
natural numbers
// up to given
number n
s += i;
}
SUM OF NATURAL NUMBER USING
FORMULA
// C Program to demonstrate
// Sum of Natural Numbers
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{

int num = 10;

int s,x;
s=num*(num+1);
x=(int)(s/2);
printf("Sum = %d", x);
return 0;

}
AREA AND PERIMETER OF RECTANGLE
// C program to demonstrate the
// area and perimeter of rectangle
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{

int l = 10, b = 10;

printf("Area of rectangle is : %d", l *
b);
printf("\nPerimeter of rectangle is :
%d", 2 * (l + b));
return 0;
}
PRINT ALPHABETS USING WHILE LOOP
// C program to find the print
// Alphabets from (A to Z) and
// (a to z) using while loop

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
// Declaring the variable
char i;

// Display the alphabets

printf("The Alphabets from A
to Z are: \n");

// Traversing each character

// with the help of while loop

i = 'A';
PRINT ALPHABETS USING FOR LOOP
// C program to find the print
// Alphabets from A to Z

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
// Declare the variables
char i;

// Display the alphabets

printf("The Alphabets from A to Z
are: \n");

// Traverse each character

// with the help of for loop
for (i = 'A'; i <= 'Z'; i++) {
PRINT ALPHABETS USING DO WHILE LOOP
// C program to find the print
// Alphabets from (A to Z) and
// (a to z) using do-while loop

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
// Declaring the
variable
char i;

// Display the
alphabets
printf("The Alphabets
from A to Z are: \n");

// Traversing each
character
// with the help of do
 FIND FACTORIAL USING FOR LOOP
// C program to implement the above approach
#include <stdio.h>

// Function to find factorial of given number

unsigned int factorial(unsigned int n)
{
int result = 1, i;

// loop from 2 to n to get the factorial

for (i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
result *= i;
}

return result;
}

// Driver code
int main()
{
int num = 5;
TO PRINT SIMPLE PYRAMID PATTERN OF NUMBERS

// C program to print right half pyramid

pattern of star
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int rows;
printf("Number of rows: ");
scanf("%d", &rows);

// first loop for printing rows

for (int i = 1; i <= rows; i++) {

// second loop for

printing similar number in each
// rows
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j+
+) {
printf("%d
", i);
TO PRINT ALPHABET
// C program to print character
PATTERN
pattern using character

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int i, j;

// input entering
number of rows
int rows = 5;

// taking first character

of alphabet
// which is useful to
print pattern
char character = 'A';

// first for loop is used

to identify number rows
TO CHECK ROOTS OF QUADRATIC
FUNCTION USING (FUNCTIONS)
// C program to find roots of
// a quadratic equation
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

// Prints roots of quadratic

// equation ax*2 + bx + x
void findRoots(int a, int b, int c)
{
// If a is 0, then equation is
// not quadratic, but linear
if (a == 0) {
printf("Invalid");
return;
}

int d = b * b - 4 * a * c;
double sqrt_val = sqrt(abs(d));
 CHECK PRIME NUMBER USING FOR LOOP
(FUNCTION)
// C program to demonstrate whether
// a number is prime or not using
// for loop
#include <stdio.h>

// Defining the function

int primenumber(int number)
{
int i;

// Condition for checking the

// given number is prime or
// not
for (i = 2; i <= number / 2; i++)
{
if (number % i != 0)
continue;
else
return 1;
TO PRINT 2D ARRAY
#include <stdio.h>
const int M = 3;
const int N = 3;

void print(int arr[M][N])

{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < M; i++)
for (j = 0; j < N; j++)
printf("%d ", arr[i][j]);
}

int main()
{
int arr[][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
print(arr);
return 0;
}
TO FIND LARGEST ELEMENT IN ARRAY
// C program to find maximum in
// arr[] of size n
#include <stdio.h>

// C function to find maximum

// in arr[] of size n
int largest(int arr[], int n)
{
int i;

// Initialize maximum
element
int max = arr[0];

// Traverse array elements

from
// second and compare every
// element with current max
for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
 TO FIND MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM IN
ARRAY
/* structure is used to return two values from minMax() */
#include<stdio.h>
struct pair
{
int min;
int max;
};

struct pair getMinMax(int arr[], int n)

{
struct pair minmax;
int i;

/*If there is only one element then return it as min and max both*/
if (n == 1)
{
minmax.max = arr[0];
minmax.min = arr[0];
return minmax;
 AVERAGE OF ELEMENTS IN ARRAY
// C program to demonstrate
// average of array elements
#include <stdio.h>

// Function that return average

// of given array.
double average(int a[], int n)
{
// Find the sum of array element
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
sum += a[i];

return (double)sum / n;
}

// Driver code
int main()
{
// Input array
TO SORT ELEMENTS IN ASCENDING ORDER
IN ARRAY
// C program to sort the array in an
// ascending order using selection sort
#include <stdio.h>

void swap(int* xp, int* yp)

{
int temp = *xp;
*xp = *yp;
*yp = temp;
}

// Function to perform Selection Sort

void selectionSort(int arr[], int n)
{
int i, j, min_idx;

// One by one move boundary of

// unsorted subarray
TO SORT ELEMENTS IN DESCENDING
ORDER IN ARRAY
// C program to sort array elements in
descending order

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{

int a[5] = { 45, 22, 100, 66, 37 };

int n = 5, i, j, t = 0;

// iterates the array elements

for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {

// iterates the array

elements from index 1
for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {

// comparing the
array elements, to set array
 USING LOOP TO CALCULATE LENGTH OF
STRING
// C program to find the length of string
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
char Str[1000];
int i;

printf("Enter the String: ");

scanf("%s", Str);

for (i = 0; Str[i] != '\0'; ++i);

printf("Length of Str is %d", i);

return 0;
}
ADD TWO STRINGS
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main() {
string str1 = "Geeks";
string str2 = "ForGeeks";
string result = str1 + str2;
cout << result << endl;
return 0;
}
SORT A STRING USING ARRAYS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

// Defining comparator function as per the

requirement
static int myCompare(const void* a, const
void* b)
{

// setting up rules for comparison

return strcmp(*(const char**)a,
*(const char**)b);
}

// Function to sort the array

void sort(const char* arr[], int n)
{
// calling qsort function to sort the
array
TO REVERSE AN ARRAY OR STRING
// Iterative C program to reverse an array
#include <stdio.h>

/* Function to reverse arr[] from start to end*/

void rvereseArray(int arr[], int start, int end)
{
int temp;
while (start < end) {
temp = arr[start];
arr[start] = arr[end];
arr[end] = temp;
start++;
end--;
}
}

/* Utility that prints out an array on a line */

void printArray(int arr[], int size)
{
TO RETURN A POINTER FROM A FUNCTION
// C program to illustrate the concept of
// returning pointer from a function
#include <stdio.h>

// Function returning pointer

int* fun()
{
int A = 10;
return (&A);
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
// Declare a pointer
int* p;

// Function call
p = fun();
DECLARE 2D ARRAY OF POINTERS
// C program to illustrate the concept of
// returning pointer from a function
#include <stdio.h>

// Function returning pointer

int* fun()
{
int A = 10;
return (&A);
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
// Declare a pointer
int* p;

// Function call
p = fun();
SORT AN ARRAY USING POINTERS
// C program to illustrate the concept of
// returning pointer from a function
#include <stdio.h>

// Function returning pointer

int* fun()
{
int A = 10;
return (&A);
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
// Declare a pointer
int* p;

// Function call
p = fun();
SORT 2D ARRAY OF STRINGS
// C program to sort an array of strings
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

// Function to sort the values

void sort(char** names, int n)
{
int i, j;

// Perform sort operation using

bubble sort
for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
for (j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++)
if
(strcmp(names[j], names[j + 1]) > 0) {
char*
temp;
temp =
(char*)calloc(30, sizeof(char));
STORE INFORMATION OF STUDENTS USING
STRUCTURE
// C Program to Store Information
// of Students Using Structure
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

// Create the student structure

struct Student {
char* name;
int roll_number;
int age;
double total_marks;
};

// Driver code
int main()
{
int i = 0, n = 5;
TO READ AND WRITE STRUCTURE FILE
// C program for writing
// struct to file
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

// a struct to be read and written

struct person {
int id;
char fname[20];
char lname[20];
};

int main()
{
FILE* outfile;

// open file for writing

outfile = fopen("person.bin", "wb");
if (outfile == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "\nError
FLEXIBLE ARRAY MEMBERS IN STRUCTURE
// C program for variable length members in
// structures in GCC
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

// A structure of type student

struct student {
int stud_id;
int name_len;

// This is used to store size of flexible

// character array stud_name[]
int struct_size;

// Flexible Array Member(FAM)

// variable length array must be last
// member of structure
char stud_name[];