Branches of Psychology

Branches of psychology
Clinical Psychology
• Clinical psychologists are also doctors who diagnose psychological disorders and treat
them by means of psychotherapy. Many people are confused about the differences
between clinical psychologist, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst.
• Clinical psychologist - Ph.D or Psy. D (or Doctor of Psychology)
• Psychiatrist - MD (or Doctor of Medicine), Psychology for Physiotherapists
• Psychoanalyst - MD degree (They use the techniques, which originated with Freud and
his followers).
The clinical psychologist are better trained in doing research and involved in
systematically studying better ways of diagnosing, treating and preventing behavioural
disorder. But they can’t prescribe drugs like psychiatrist what seldom needed by the
patients.
So clinical psychology is very useful to relieve the symptoms of psychological disorders
and to help people understand the reasons for their problems (Diagnosis and Treatment).
Counselling Psychology
• The work of counselling psychologist is quite similar to that of clinical

psychologist, but they work with people who have milder emotional and
personal problems. They may use psychotherapy and tests to measure
aptitudes, interests and personality characteristics.
School and Educational Psychology
• School psychologist deals with the learning difficulties of students and trying to remedy
them. The school psychologist collects information from students and his/her parents.
• Some other school psychologists are involved in vocational and other forms of
counseling. They are the school counsellors.
• Educational psychology may include school psychology, deals with more general, less
immediate problems.
• The educational psychologists are concerned with increasing the efficiency of learning in
school by applying psychological knowledge.
Experimental and Physiological Psychology
• Experimental psychology tries to understand the fundamental causes of

behaviour. Experimental psychologists do basic Introduction to Psychology
or research, studying such fundamental processes as learning and memory,
thinking, sensation and perception, motivation and emotion.
• Physiological psychology is considered to be a part of the broader field of
neurobiology (the study of the nervous system and its function). These
psychologists are concerned with relationships of the brain and other
biological activity to behaviour
Industrial and Organizational Psychology
• It is a subfield of psychology in which psychological principles are applied to
practical problems of work and commerce. The first application to the problems
of industry and organization was the use of intelligence and aptitude tests in
selecting employees. Nowadays they use psychology.
• To problems of management and employee training
• To supervision of personnel
• To improving communication within the organization
• To counsel employees
• To train management and employees, in human relations skills They may do
research on consumer attitude towards the company’s product
Social Psychology
• The primary focus of social psychology is on understanding how other

people affect individuals. It includes the study of ways in which we perceive
other people and how those perceptions affect our behaviour towards them.
Social psychologists have developed and perfected techniques for
measuring attitudes and opinions, e.g. survey of political opinions,
consumer’s attitudes
Developmental Psychology
• It tries to understand complex behaviour by studying their beginnings and

the orderly ways in which they change with time. Since changes in
behaviour occur rapidly in the early years of life, child psychology, the study
of children’s behaviour comprises a large part of developmental psychology.
• But it studies the adolescence, adulthood and the old age changes also. The
developmental psychologists are often concerned with children who have
behaviour problems or psychological disorders
Community Psychology
• In general, it can be said that community psychologist applies psychological

principles, ideas and points of view to solve social problems and helps
individuals adapts to their work and living groups (social—problem
community psychologists),
• e.g. Hostility among groups in the community, bad relations between the
police and community members, distress due to lack of employment, etc.
• Thank You….

Branches of Psychology

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Branches of psychology

• The work of counselling psychologist is quite similar to that of clinical

• Experimental psychology tries to understand the fundamental causes of

• The primary focus of social psychology is on understanding how other

• It tries to understand complex behaviour by studying their beginnings and

• In general, it can be said that community psychologist applies psychological

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