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Lecture 2

The document introduces basic object-oriented concepts. It discusses what objects and classes are, how objects are constructed from classes, and how problem solving is approached in object-oriented languages through interaction between objects.

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6 views

Lecture 2

The document introduces basic object-oriented concepts. It discusses what objects and classes are, how objects are constructed from classes, and how problem solving is approached in object-oriented languages through interaction between objects.

Uploaded by

eyepencil7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Object- Oriented Concepts

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OUTLINE

 Object-Oriented Paradigm
 What is an Object?
 What is a Class?
 Constructing Objects from a class
 Problem Solving in OO languages
 More OO Concepts
 Strength of Object-Oriented
Paradigm

2
Object-Oriented
Paradigm
 To truly understand Java, we need to understand the paradigm on which it is built
on: the Object-Oriented Paradigm (OOP).

 OOP is a model whereby a problem domain is modeled into objects, so that


problem solving is by interaction among objects.

 OOP is a more natural model compared to other models since OOP’s approach is
exactly the way humans view problem solving.

 We take a closer look at the main ingredients of the model: Objects and Classes.

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What is an Object?
 An object is an individual, identifiable entity, either
real or abstract, that has a well-defined boundary.
 An object has two main properties, namely:
• State: each object has attributes, whose values
represent its state.
• Behavior, each object has a set of behavior.

 Example of an object: You, the student following this


Lecture, are an object.
• Your attributes include your name, your GPA, your
major, etc.
• You also have a set of behavior, including
attending lectures, solving home works, telling
someone your GPA, sleeping, etc.
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… What is an Object?
 Other examples of objects are:
• The instructor delivering this lecture.
• This room.
• This lecture.
• This University.
• CMP204.
• Your Bank Account

 Try to list some of the attributes and set of behavior for


each of the above objects.
 Also look around you and identify the objects you can see
or imagine.
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What is a Class?
 A class is a general specification of attributes and behavior for a set of objects.
 Each object is an instance of a class. It shares the behavior of the class, but has
specific values for the attributes.
 Thus, a class can be viewed as an abstract specification, while an object is a concrete
instance of that specification.

 An example of a class is Student, an abstract entity that has attributes and a set of
behavior.
 However, unless we have an actual student, we cannot say what the ID number is
or what the major is.

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What is a Class?
(cont’d)
 The following table shows further examples of
classes and their instances:
Classes Instances of (or Objects)

Instructor Mustapha Aminu

University UDU
Course CMP204

Bank Account Ahmad’s Bank Account

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Constructing Objects from a Class

 Our main task is to design and implement classes to be used in


creating objects.
 This involves defining the variables, methods and constructors.
 To create an object from a class, we use the new operator, a
constructor, and supply construction parameters (if any).
 Example, we create an object from the Student class as follows:
Student thisStudent = new Student(993546,
“Suhaim Adil”, 3.5);

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… Constructing Objects from a Class
Student thisStudent =
new Student(993546, “Suhaim Adil”,

3.5);
 The relationship between the reference variable, thisStudent,
and the object created is shown by the following figure:

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Problem Solving in OO languages
 In the real world, problems are solved by interaction among
objects.
 If you have a problem with your car, you take it to a mechanic for
repair.

 Similarly, in OO programming languages, problems


are solved by interaction among objects.
 Objects interact by sending messages among themselves.

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Problem Solving in OO languages

Student thisStudent =new Student(993546,


“SuhaimAdil”, 3.5);
 Messages are sent using the following general syntax:
referenceVariable.methodName

To know the GPA of the student object we created, a message is sent as follows:

double gpa = thisStudent.getGPA();


 We have been sending messages to the System.out object in
previous examples.
System.out.println(“Salaaam Shabaab”);

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Strength of the OO Paradigm

 We conclude this introduction to OOP by summarizing its


main advantages:
 It allows the production of software which is easier to
understand and maintain.
 It provides a clear mapping between objects of the problem
domain
(real world objects) and objects of the model.
 It supports code reuse and reduces redundancy.
 It allows "off the shelf” code libraries to be reused..
 It allows the production of reliable (secure) software..

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