CF1 Lec3 Financial Analysis
CF1 Lec3 Financial Analysis
CF1 Lec3 Financial Analysis
Introduction
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Summary
Lecture 3
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ANALYSIS
Course: Corporate Finance 1
Lecturer: Hanh Nguyen LUU
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PREVIOUS LECTURE REVISION
a business?
Net
Goods & Services
earnings
o Operating activities
Reinvested Investment in
o Investing activities Producing Assets
Debt
o Financing activities payment
Debt Financing
Dividends
Equity Financing
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PREVIOUS LECTURE REVISION
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Lecture 1: Introduction to Corporate Finance (Chapter 1)
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LECTURE OBJECTIVES
The Du Pont system identifies the sources of return on assets and returns
on equity;
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Financial Analysis
Ratio Analysis
Du Pont System
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Financial Analysis
Ratio Analysis
Du Pont System
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Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
Purpose
1. Communicate financial information (within and outside firm)
2. Evaluate past performance and current financial situation
3. Assess future potentials and associated risks
4. Give recommendations to ensure business finance in good condition
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Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
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Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
Standardizing statements
Hard to directly compare financial statements of 2 companies in different size/ in different years
Standardize by working with percentages common-size statements
Make it easier to compare financial information
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Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
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Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
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Financial Analysis
Ratio Analysis
Du Pont System
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Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
Categories
Short-term solvency/ Liquidity ratios
Long-term solvency/ Financial leverage ratios
Asset management/ Turnover ratios
Profitability ratios
Market value ratios
Question to ask
How it is computed?
What is it intended to measure?
What is the unit of measurement?
What might be a value telling us? How might such value be misleading?
How could this measure be improved? 15
Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
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Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
Exercise: Using information from ABC company’s Income Statement and Balance Sheet,
evaluate the firm’s financial situation.
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Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
Exercise: Using information from ABC company’s Income Statement and Balance Sheet,
evaluate the firm’s financial situation.
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Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
Exercise 3.1: Using information from ABC company’s Income Statement and Balance Sheet,
evaluate the firm’s liquidity situation
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Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
Meaning/ How much debt is Risk indicator that EBIT: not a measure of cash available to
Concerns How well a firm has
utilized to finance measures the portion of a pay interest
interest obligations
firm’s assets; company’s assets that is EBITDA: basic measure of firm’s ability to
covered by profits from
percentage of debt in financed by equity rather generate cash from operation used to
business activities?
firm’s total capital? than by debt meet obligations
Unit Times
Benchmark Compare with previous year ratio, average ratio of the industry, comparable firm
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Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
Exercise 3.2: Using information from ABC company’s Income Statement and Balance Sheet,
evaluate the firm’s leverage situation ABC Income statement and
Balance sheet
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Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
Inventory ratios
Indicate how fast firm can sell products
Meaning How many times firm sold off (turn over) the entire
inventory during the year How long it takes for inventory to stay in warehouse before
The higher the ratio, the more efficient inventory sale on average?
mangement
Unit Times Days
Benchmark Compare with previous year ratio, average ratio of the industry, competitors
(consider characteristics of firms business)
Often: the higher the better
Value can vary dramatically among firms in different industry
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Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
Receivable ratios
Indicate how fast firm collect revenues on sales/ how fast firm can sell products
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Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
Asset ratios
Indicate the efficiency of the firms’ asset management. How much dollar of revenues generated from one
dollar of sales?
Fixed Assets turnover Working capital turnover ratios Total Assets turnover
Formula
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Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
Exercise 3.3: Using information from ABC company’s Income Statement and Balance Sheet,
evaluate the firm’s asset management situation ABC Income statement and Balance
sheet
4850/
16.94 =
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Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
Profitability ratios
Assess a firm’s ability to earn profits from its sales or operations, balance sheet assets, or shareholders' equity
How efficiently a firm generates profit and value for shareholders
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Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
Ratios must be considered together; a single ratio by itself means relatively little.
Financial statements that are being compared should be dated at the same point in time.
The financial data being compared should have been developed in the same way.
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Financial Analysis
Ratio Analysis
Du Pont System
Limitations to Ratio Analysis
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Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
Definition
The technique that breaks down ROA and ROE into related ratios to evaluate the impact of each part on the final result
Identify what steps need to be taken to improve financial position of the firm
Operating efficiency
Net income
Profit margin
Asset turnover
Total Assets Asset use efficiency Return on Equity
Equity multiplier
Total Equity Financial leverage 30
Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
Formula
ROE =
Meaning
ROE is affected by 3 factors
Operating efficiency
Asset use efficiency
Financial leverage
Weakness in operating efficiency (reduction in profit margin) and/ or weakness in asset utilization (reduction in total
asset turnover) ROA decrease ROE decrease
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Whether an increase in debt enhances ROE?
Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
Extended
DuPont
Chart
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Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis Du Pont System Limitations to
Ratio Analysis
Exercise 3.4: XYZ Corporation has the following financial information for the
previous year:
Sales: $8M, Profit Margin = 8%, Current Assets = $2M, Fixed Assets = $6M, Net Working
Capital = $1M, Long-term Debt = $3M
= 8% * 1 * 2
= 16%
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Financial Analysis
Ratio Analysis
Du Pont System
Limitations
o Historical basis of ratios
o No underlying theory to help identify which quantities to look at & guidance to set up benchmark
o Benchmarking is difficult for diversified firms
o Different accounting policies, different end of fiscal year, unusual transaction
o Manipulation of financial statements
o Inflation effects: numbers not comparable across period
o Cannot use to compare different industries
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Introduction
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Summary
Key terms
o Liquidity ratios: current ratio, quick ratio
o Asset management ratios: inventory turnover, DSO, total asset turnover
o Debt management ratios: debt ratio, TIE
o Profitability ratios: profit margin, operating margin, ROA, ROE
o Market valuation ratio: M/B, P/E
o DuPont equation
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Introduction
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Summary
Thank you!
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