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JAPANESE

CUISINE
INTERNATIONAL CUISINE
Four large islands:
• Honshu
• Hokkaido
• Shikoku
• Kyushu
Situated in East Asia, the Pacific
Ocean borders on the east and south;
the sea of Japan is to the west
separating it from Korea. Cold
winters are experienced in the north
whereas subtropical conditions exist
in the south.
SHORT
HISTORY
OF JAPAN
JAPANESE CUISINE
Early descendants of Japan migrated
from Asia, primarily from China and Korea.
The inhabitants were hunters and gatherers,
living of the animals and plaints native to the
islands. Around 300 B.C. an agricultural
society developed, and the Japanese began
growing rice and irrigating the farmland.
The strongest influence on Japan
came from the Chinese between 400 and
800 A.D. People who came in Southern
China merged their clan worship with the
inhabitant’s worship of the land and
spirits of the country side to form Japan’s
oldest principal religion, Shintoism.
Although Buddhism, which
arrived from china in the 6 th

century eventually replacing


Shintoism as Japan’s most
important religion, Shintoism
remains at the heart of the
Japanese culture.
The Japanese diet which relies on
simple ingredients like fish, rice fruits,
and sea vegetables, has changed a little
through the centuries. Japanese cuisine
symbolizes an acute awareness of the
seasons and more than anything else, it
requires the freshest of ingredients.
Its taste is characterized as subtlety
and unlike other Asian cuisines where
combinations and blends are
emphasized, individual flavors and
textures are of the greatest importance in
Japanese cooking.
The cuisine itself is frugal but
presentation is refined and very important.
Garnishes are carefully chosen to
represent nature and seasons, both of
which are reflected also in the composition
of each dish.
Historically Japan has always been an
isolated country, much of its cuisine has
developed within the country, but there are
few exceptions, the introduction of tea and
soybean products from china in the 6th
century, and later the introduction of
vegetable oils and frying techniques by
European traders.
In the 16th century, the Portuguese
were the first Europeans to arrive in
Japan, and from them the Japanese
adapted the technique of frying fish in
batter, which became known as tempura
TEMPURA
The word comes from
the Latin word “tempora”
referring to the quator
tempora – the ember days of
the Roman Catholic Church
when meat is forbidden and
batter-fried fish was
alternative.
European traders, including the
Dutch and the Spanish, also introduced
potatoes and hot red chili peppers in
Japan.
At the end of the 16th century, when
Jesuit missionaries began to follow the
European traders, the Japanese closed their
century, when Japan began too industrialized,
did the cuisine begin to borrow from Western
diet.
Beef, pork and poultry began to
appear on the menu-pork also represents
the Chinese influence in Japan.
STAPLE FOODS
Despite the influx of meat, fish has
always been the main source of protein in
Japan, where the waters are rich with marine
life. Seafood is present in one form or another
at every Japanese meal. They eat cooked, raw
(Sashimi), or dried (tuna bonito flakes used in
broths).
Seaweeds are also very important,
particularly kombu (Kelp), a basic
ingredient in Japanese soup stock, and
nori, pepper thin strips of seaweed,
which are used as a wrapping and
garnish for many foods.
Kombu (Kelp)
Soybean products like tofu (bean
curd) and miso (fermented soybean
paste) are also important protein
sources. Miso Shiru, broth thickened
with miso paste, are the most common
Japanese breakfast, and are eaten in
other meals as well.
Shoyu (Soy sauce) is the most
common seasoning used.
In addition to rice, the Japanese eat a
large amount of noodles. Noodles are the
most popular fast food lunch for workers.
Soba (buckwheat) are associated with
Tokyo and northern Japan and udon
(wheat) are eaten in Osaka and southern
Japan.
Food Through The Day
Breakfast and lunch are quick light meals in
Japan, the main meal being dinner. The most
common breakfast consist of miso soup, rice and
pickled vegetables. Noodle dishes are among the
most common lunches. The other type of widely
eaten lunch comes in a multi-compartment lunch
box called a bento box, filled with various dishes.
Another type of lunch is eki-ben,
meaning “station lunches”. These are
boxed lunches sold on railroad platforms.
The evening meal, eaten at low tables
with chopsticks, is the main meal of the day.
Rice, served with fish, poultry, meat or
vegetable side dishes, is the focus of typical
family meal. One dish meals, consisting of hot
pots with fish, meat or tofu and vegetables
served with rice are also very common.
Traditional Japanese cuisine is
dominated by white rice, and few meals
would be complete without it. Anything
else served during a meal-fish, meat,
vegetables, and pickles – is considered as
a side dish.
Side dishes are served to enhance the
taste of the rice. The number of side dishes
that accompany with the rice and soup that are
nearly always served names traditional
Japanese meal.
The simplest Japanese meal, for
example, consists of Ichiju-Issai (“soup
plus one” or “one dish meal”) This means
soup, rice, and one accompanying side
dish- usually a pickled vegetable like
Daikon.
A traditional Japanese breakfast, for
example, usually consist of miso soup, rice,
and pickled vegetable.
The most common meal, however, is
called Ichiju-Sansai (“soup plus three”)-
soup, rice, and three side dishes are
usually raw fish (sashimi), a grilled dish,
and a simmered (sometimes called boiled
in translations from Japanese) dish.
Ichiju-Sansai often finishes with pickled
vegetables and green tea.
Condiments and Seasonings:
Panko: Japanese bread crumbs
Mirin: Sweet wine used for cooking
Gari: Pickled Ginger
Komezu: Rice vinegar
Sesame oil and Sesame seeds
Shiso: Japanese herb similar to basil
Wasabi: Japanese horseradish
Cooking Techniques
• Mushimono: Steaming
• Nimono: simmering; along with meats,
fish and vegetables, Japanese simmered
foods feature certain flavorings including
sake for flavor and tenderizing, mirin and
sugar, soy sauce and miso.
Cooking Techniques
• Nabenomo: one-pot cooking
- Shabu-Shabu: Japanese beef hot pot
- Yudofu: Tofu hot pot
- Sukiyaki: A stew of beef, vegetables,
tofu and clear noodle in a broth of mirin,
sake and soy sauce
- Dotenabe: includes oyster and miso.
Cooked right at the table, for presentation
purposes.
SHABU-SHABU
YUDOFU
SUKIYAKI
DOTENABE
Cooking Techniques
• Yakimono: grilling, the category for
Yakimono includes broth broiled and grilled
dishes such as chicken yakitori and teriyaki
style dishes. Yakitori or broiled dishes start
with a special sauce called tare. It is always a
combination of sake, mirin and soy sauce
- Teriyak- grilled, broiled, or pan fried
meat, fish, chicken or vegetable glazed with a
sweeten soy sauce.
- Gyoza- savory Japanese dumplings,
often filled with pork, tofu or vegetables.
TERIYAKi
GYOZA
Cooking Techniques
• Agemon: deep frying; tempura is a Japanese
fried dish with a lighter batter. The coating is
made from flour, water, and egg yolks; and
the items to be dipped are always vegetables
or fish, never chicken or meat.
- Donburi- one-bowl dishes of hot
steamed rice with various savory toppings.
- Oyakodon- Chicken and egg.
- Tempura- deep-fried batter coated bite-
sized foods.
- Tonkatsu- deep-fried breaded pork cutlet.
DONBURI
OYAKODON
TEMPURA
TONKATSU
SUSHI AND
SASHIMI
The word sushi refers to the “fingers”
(finger shape) of vinegared rice that support
choice morsels of raw fish.
TYPES OF SUSHI
• Nigiri sushi: fingers of vinegared rice topped
with raw fish or other items such as cooked
shrimp or sweet omelette.
• Makisushi: sushi rolls made with makisu, a
mat made from thin pieces of bamboo that
facilitates the rolling process.
TYPES OF SUSHI

• Temaki: hand rolled sushi shape into a cone.


• Sushi rice (su-meshi): is sweetened
vinegared rice. It is a mixture of short grain,
rice, water, rice vinegar, sugar and salt.
NIGIRI SUSHI
MAKISUSHI
TEMAKI
SUSHI RICE
JAPANESE
- Fresh DESSERTS
Fruits
- Mochi- sweet glutinous rice. Mochi
refers to a rice product that’s made from sweet
glutinous rice that has been steamed and
pounded.
-Adzuki- sweet red bean paste. Anmitsu- a
traditional Japanese dessert
JAPANESE
DESSERTS
- Dango- Japanese dumpling
- Kakigoro- shaved ice sweetened with
flavored syrup.
- Macha Ice (green tea ice cream)- green
tea flavored ice cream.
MOCHI
ADZUKI
ANMITSU
DANGO
KAKIGORO
MACHA ICE
TRADITIONAL JAPANESE TABLE
SETTINGS
The traditional Japanese table setting has
varied considerably over the centuries,
depending primarily on the type of table
common during a given era. Before the 19th
century, small individual box tables (hazoken)
or flat floor trays were set before each diner.
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JAPANESE FOOD ICON PACK
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