ADSL and VSAT connectivity

05/24/24 1
 What is Network?

A group of interconnected (via cable and/or

wireless) computers and peripherals that is
capableofsharing software and hardware resourc
es between many users.

05/24/24 2
There are many types of computer networks, including the
following:
local-area networks (LANs): The computers are
geographically close together (that is, in the same
building).
wide-area networks (WANs): The computers are farther
apart and are connected by telephone lines or radio
waves.
campus-area networks (CANs): The computers are within
a limited geographic area, such as a campus or military
base.
metropolitan-area networks MANs): A data network
designed for a town or city.
home-area networks (HANs): A network contained within a
user's home that connects a person's digital devices.
05/24/24 3
wide-area networks (WANs)
Basic WAN connectivity technologies:
• DSL
• ADSL
• VDSL
• VSAT
• FIBER OPTIC

05/24/24 4
 DSL Modem
A digital subscriber line (DSL) modem is a
device used to connect a computer or
router to a telephone line which provides
the digital subscriber line service for
connectivity to the Internet, which is often
called DSL broadband.

05/24/24 5
 ADSL Modem
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

05/24/24 6
05/24/24 7
Introduction
• ADSL is a form of DSL, a data communications
technology that enables faster data transmission over
copper telephone lines

• ADSL is capable of providing up to 50 Mbps, and

supports voice, video and data.

• ADSL is the #1 Broadband Choice in the World with over

60% market share

• ADSL is now available in every region of the world

05/24/24 8
What does ADSL mean

• Asymmetric - The data can flow faster in one direction

than the other. Data transmission has faster downstream
to the subscriber than upstream

• Digital - No type of communication is transferred in an

analog method. All data is purely digital, and only at the
end, modulated to be carried over the line.

• Subscriber Line - The data is carried over a single twisted

pair copper loop to the subscriber premises

05/24/24 9
ADSL standards :

Standard name Common name Downstream Upstream

rate rate
ITU G.992.1 ADSL (G.DMT) 8 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s
ITU G.992.2 ADSL Lite (G.Lite) 1.5 Mbit/s 0.5 Mbit/s
ITU G.992.3/4 ADSL2 12 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s

ITU G.992.3/4 Annex J ADSL2 12 Mbit/s 3.5 Mbit/s

ITU G.992.3/4 Annex L RE-ADSL2 5 Mbit/s 0.8 Mbit/s
ITU G.992.5 ADSL2+ 24 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s
ITU G.992.5 Annex L RE-ADSL2+ 24 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s
ITU G.992.5 Annex M ADSL2+ 28 Mbit/s 3.5 Mbit/s

05/24/24 10
ADSL Speed Comparison

Pure Fibre

Hybrid Fibre/Copper
FTTH

Enhanced
Copper FTTx,
VDSL2,
ADSL2plus
ADSL

ISDN
Voice band
Modem 05/24/24 11
ADSL Range
• In general, the maximum range for DSL without a repeater
is 5.5 km
• As distance decreases toward the telephone company
office, the data rate increases
Data Rate Wire gauge Wire size Distance
1.5 or 2 Mbps 24 AWG 0.5 mm 5.5 km
1.5 or 2 Mbps 26 AWG 0.4 mm 4.6 km
6.1 Mbps 24 AWG 0.5 mm 3.7 km
1.5 or 2 Mbps 26 AWG 0.4 mm 2.7

• For larger distances, you may be able to have DSL if your

phone company05/24/24
has extended the local loop with optical 12
fiber cable
ADSL Speed Factors
• The distance from the local exchange

• The type and thickness of wires used

• The number and type of joins in the wire

• The proximity of the wire to other wires carrying ADSL,

ISDN and other non-voice signals

• The proximity of the wires to radio transmitters.

05/24/24 13
ADSL network components

• The ADSL modem at the customer premises(ATU-R)

• The modem of the central office (ATU-C)

• DSL access multiplexer (DSLAM)

• Broadband Access Server (BAS)

• Splitter - an electronic low pass filter that separates the

analogue voice or ISDN signal from ADSL data
frequencies DSLAM.
05/24/24 14
ADSL Loop Architecture

DSL

Voice Switch

ISP
Central Office Subscriber premises
05/24/24 15
ADSL Requirements

• Phone-line, activated by your phone company for ADSL

• Filter to separate the phone signal from the Internet signal

• ADSL modem

• Subscription with an ISP supporting ADSL

05/24/24 16
How does ADSL work
• ADSL exploits the unused analogue bandwidth
available in the wires

PSTN Upstream Downstream

4 25,875 138 1104 KHz

• ADSL works by using a frequency splitter device to split a

traditional voice telephone line into two frequencies
05/24/24 17
ADSL Modulation
• Modulation is the overlaying of information (or the signal)
onto an electronic or optical carrier waveform

• There are two competing and incompatible standards for

modulating the ADSL signal:

– Carrierless Amplitude Phase (CAP)

– Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT)

05/24/24 18
Carrierless Amplitude Phase
• Carrierless Amplitude Phase (CAP) is an encoding
method that divides the signals into two distinct bands:

1. The upstream data channel (to the service provider), which is

carried in the band between 25 and 160kHz

1. The downstream data channel (to the user), which is carried in

the band from 200kHz to 1.1MHz .

• These channels are widely separated in order to

minimize the possibility of interference between the
channels.

05/24/24 19
Discrete Multi-tone (DMT)

• Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) separates the DSL signal so

that the usable frequency range is separated into 256
channels of 4.3125kHz each.

• DMT has 224 downstream frequency bins (or carriers)

and 32 upstream frequency bins.

• DMT constantly shifts signals between different channels

to ensure that the best channels are used for transmission
and reception.

05/24/24 20
The DMT frequency bands
• Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

• Echo Cancellation

05/24/24 21
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
• ATM is a connection-orientated technique

• ATM provides cell sequence integrity

• Cells are much smaller than standard packet-switched

networks (53 bytes)

• The quality of transmission links has lead to the omission

of overheads

• There is no space between cells

05/24/24 22
Types of ATM services

• Constant Bit Rate (CBR)

• Variable Bit Rate (VBR)

• Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)

• Available Bit Rate (ABR)

05/24/24 23
ATM Layer
• The ATM layer transport information across the network

• ATM uses virtual connections for the information transport

• The connections are divided into two levels:

– The Virtual Channels

– The Virtual Path

• This mechanism is used to provide quality of service (QoS)

05/24/24 24
ATM Connections

• The connection between two endpoints is called a Virtual

Channel (VC).

• A Virtual Path (VP) is a term for a bundle of virtual

channel links that all have the same endpoints.

• Each VC and VP has a unique identifier

• Virtual paths are used to simplify the ATM addressing

structure.
05/24/24 25
ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL)
• The ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) converts information
from the upper layers into ATM cells

• The standard used for ATM over ADSL services is AAL5

• AAL5 Encapsulation Methods

– Virtual Channel Multiplexing (VCMux)

– LLC/SNAP

• For detailed information please refer to the RFC 1483

05/24/24 26
ADSL Protocol stacks

Ethernet over IP over ATM PPP over ATM PPP over Ethernet Native ATM
ATM (EoA) (IPoA) (PPPoA) (PPPoE)
05/24/24 27
Point-to-Point Protocol over
Ethernet over ATM (PPPoEoA)

05/24/24 28
Conclusion: Pros & Cons
• Why ADSL?
• Simultaneous Internet and voice/fax capabilities over
a single telephone line
• Uninterrupted, high-speed Internet access that's
always on-line
• Cost-effective solution for society
• Data Security that exceeds other technologies
• Fast download speeds

• ADSL disadvantages:
• Distance-sensitive
• Slower upload speeds
• Phone line required
05/24/24 29
 VDSL

Very High Bitrates Digital Subscriber Line

05/24/24 30
 VDSL
Very High Bitrate Digital Subscriber Line or
VDSL/VHDSL is an improved version of the
technology, ADSL or Asymmetric Digital
Subscriber Line, which we use to connect
to the internet.
This made VDSL modem popular for use in
digital TV,VOIP and even for internet
applications.

05/24/24 31
• The most significant difference between the two technologies that
is most relevant to the use is speed.
• ADSL can reach maximum speeds of 8mbps download and 1mbps
for upload. In comparison, VDSL can have up to 52mbps for
download and 16mbps for upload.
• The most major drawback for VDSL is the distance it needs to be
from the telephone exchange.
• Within 300m, you may still get close to maximum speed but
beyond that, the line quality and the speed deteriorates rather
quickly.

05/24/24 32
• Most VDSL subscribers are companies
who need a very fast server and would
often place their own servers in very close
proximity.
• Due to the limitations of VDSL and its high
price, its expansion is not as prolific as that
of ADSL.

05/24/24 33
05/24/24 34
Introduction
• This manual helps you to configure your ZXDSL 831C (ZTE)
Modem which have blue black color and old ethio telecom logo.
• This manual is also helps you to identify weather your modem
is losing it’s configuration or not.
• Using seven simple configuration steps you can configure
and connect to the internet when ever your modem losses
configuration.
• The manual is prepared for the use of both Enterprise and
residential, Internet and data ADSL customers.
• Enterprise ADSL’s services have service numbers mostly
start with 999 or 98.
• Residential ADSL’s service didn’t have service numbers,
instead customer’s user ID used as service number.
• For further information you can call to our free call center 994.
05/24/24 35
Steps to identify configuration
status
• In your modem if Power and DSL light
indicators didn’t have steady green light
your problem is not related to configuration
problem and you should call to 994 and
register you fault.

05/24/24 36
Con’t
• If power and DSL have steady green light
and if internet doesn’t have blinking light
you can implement the next two simple
steps and identify weather your modem is
losing it’s configuration or not.

05/24/24 37
Description of light indicator
• 1-Power indicator
• 2-DSL
• 3-Internet
• 4-LAN 1-4

05/24/24 38
Step 1. Accessing modem
from internet browser.

05/24/24 39
Step 2. Check your modem
configuration status

05/24/24 40
• If there is a number in front of LAN IP,
Default gateway, primary DNS server and
Secondary DNS server just like seen in the
picture, your problem is not related to
configuration and you should also call to
994 and register your fault.

05/24/24 41
Con’t
• If a space provided in front of LAN IP to
Secondary DNS server is empty please
implement the next seven simple
configuration steps and reconfigure your
modem.

05/24/24 42
Steps to reconfigure ZXDSL
Modem
Step 1. Accessing modem from internet
browser.

05/24/24 43
Steps 2. Select quick setup.

05/24/24 44
Steps 3. Configure internet
connection

05/24/24 45
Steps 4. Select connection
type.

05/24/24 46
Steps 5. Configure WAN IP

05/24/24 47
Steps 6. Configure LAN setting.

05/24/24 48
Steps 7. Check the summary and apply

05/24/24 49
Troubleshooting ADSL
Basic
1.When power is first applied, verify that the Power LED is on
2. Verify that the Test LED lights within a few seconds, indicating that the self-test
procedure is running.
3.After approximately 10 seconds, verify that:
a. The Test LED is not lit.
b. The LAN port LEDs are lit for any local ports that are connected.
c. The ADSL Internet port LED is lit.
If port’s LED is lit, a link has been established to the connected device. If a LAN port
is connected to a 100 Mbps device, verify that the port’s LED is green. If the port
is 10 Mbps, the LED will be amber.
If any of these conditions does not occur, refer to the appropriate following section.

05/24/24 50
Power LED Not On
If the Power and other LEDs are off when
your router is turned on:
• Make sure that the power cord is properly
connected to your router and that the
power supply adapter is properly
connected to a functioning power outlet.
• Verify that you are using the AC adapter
provided with the device and that it is
securely connected to the ZXDSL 831C
and a wall socket/power strip.
05/24/24 51
Problem Troubleshooting Suggestion
Verify that you are using the AC adapter provided with the
device and that it is securely connected to the ZXDSL 831C
Power LED does not
illuminate after the device
and a wall socket/power strip.
is turned on

Make sure to use a standard telephone line (provided with

the device). And verify that you had correctly connected the
DSL LED does not
illuminate after the phone
device following the relevant description in. Wait for 60
line is attached seconds when the ZXDSL 831C is negotiating a connection
with your ADSL service provider.

This indicates your ZXDSL 831C cannot establish an

ADSL connection to the CO. Verify you have installed
ZXDSL 831C based on the installation.
DSL LED is in a Lights-
off and fast-blinking cycle
after phone line is
attached

05/24/24 52
LAN (10M/100M) LED Verify that the Ethernet cable is securely connected to your
does not illuminate after hub/PC and to the ZXDSL 831C. Make sure the PC/hub is
turned on.
Ethernet cable is attached
Make sure you are using a correct cable.
PC cannot access the Use the ping utility to check whether your PC can communicate with the
device’s LAN IP address (by default 192.168.1.1). If you fail in the ping,
Internet check the Ethernet cabling and the LED status.

If you statically assign a private IP address to the computer, (not a

registered public address), verify the following.

Check that the gateway IP address on the computer is your valid IP

address. If it is not, correct the address or configure the PC to receive IP
information automatically.

Verify with your ADSL service provider that the DNS server specified
for the PC is valid. Correct the address or configure the PC to receive this
information automatically.

If a NAT rule is already defined on device to translate the private address

to your public IP address, make sure the IP address specified on your PC
meets the IP range specified in the NAT rule.

Perhaps, your ADSL service provider’s CO equipment is malfunctioned.

Web pages can’t be Verify that the DNS server specified on the PCs is correct for
displayed. your ISP. You can use the ping utility to test the connectivity of
05/24/24 53

your PC with your ADSL service provider’s DNS server.

LAN or ADSL Internet Port LEDs Not On
If either the LAN LEDs or ADSL Internet LED
do not light when the Ethernet connection
is made, check the following:
• Make sure that the Ethernet cable connections
are secure at the router and at the hub or
workstation.
• Make sure that power is turned on to the
connected hub or workstation.
• Be sure you are using the correct cable: when
connecting the ADSL port, use the cable that
was supplied with the ADSL modem router.
05/24/24 54
Troubleshooting the Web Configuration
Interface
If you are unable to access the router’s Web
Configuration interface from a computer on
your local network, check the following:
• If you are using an Ethernet-connected computer,
check the Ethernet connection between the
computer and the router as described in the
previous section.

05/24/24 55
Con’t
• Make sure your computer’s IP address is
on the same subnet as the router. If you
are using the recommended addressing
scheme, your computer’s address should
be in the range of 192.168.1.2 to
192.168.1.254.

05/24/24 56
Con’t
• If your router’s IP address was changed and
you do not know the current IP address, clear
the router’s configuration to factory defaults.
This will set the router’s IP address to
192.168.0.1. This procedure is explained in

05/24/24 57
Con’t
• Make sure your browser has Java,
JavaScript, or ActiveX enabled. If you are
using Internet Explorer, click Refresh to be
sure the Java applet is loaded.
• Try quitting the browser and launching it
again.

05/24/24 58
Con’t
• Make sure you are using the correct login
information. The factory default login name is
admin and the password is admin. Make sure that
CAPS LOCK is off when entering this information. If
the router does not save changes you have made
in the Web Configuration Interface, check the
following:

05/24/24 59
Con’t
• When entering configuration settings, be
sure to click the Apply button before
moving to another menu or tab, or your
changes are lost.
• Click the Refresh or Reload button in the
Web browser. The changes may have
occurred, but the Web browser may be
caching the old configuration.

05/24/24 60
Troubleshooting the ISP Connection
• If your router is unable to access the
Internet, you should check the DSL
connection, then the Internet TCP/IP
connection.
ADSL link
• If your router is unable to access the
Internet, you should first determine whether
you have an DSL link with the service
provider. The state of this connection is
indicated with the Internet LED.
05/24/24 61
ADSL Internet LED Green or Blinking Green
• If your ADSL Internet LED is green or blinking
green, then you have a good ADSL
connection. You can be confident that the
service provider has connected your line
correctly and that your wiring is correct.
ADSL Internet LED Blinking Yellow
• If your ADSL Internet LED is blinking yellow, then
your ADSL modem router is attempting to make
an ADSL connection with the service provider.
The LED should turn green within several
minutes.
05/24/24 62
ADSL Internet LED Off
If the ADSL Internet LED is off, disconnect all
telephones on the line. If this solves the
problem, reconnect the telephones one at a
time, being careful to use a microfilter on each
telephone. If the microfilters are connected
correctly, you should be able to connect all
your telephones. If disconnecting telephones
does not result in a green ADSL Internet LED
the problem may be one of the following:
05/24/24 63
Con’t
• Check that the telephone company has
made the connection to your line and
tested it.
• Verify that you are connected to the correct
telephone line. If you have more than one
phone line, be sure that you are connected
to the line with the ADSL service. It may be
necessary to use a swapper if you ADSL
signal is on pins 1 and 4 of the RJ-11 jack.
The ADSL Modem Router uses pins 2 and
3. 05/24/24 64
Obtaining an Internet IP Address
If your ADSL modem router is unable to
access the internet, and your Internet LED
is green or blinking green, you should
determine whether the ADSL modem router
is able to obtain a Internet IP address from
the ISP. Unless you have been assigned a
static IP address, your ADSL modem router
must request an IP address from the ISP.
You can determine whether the request
was successful using the browser interface.
05/24/24 65
Con’t
To check the Internet IP address from the
browser interface:
1.Launch your browser and select an external
site such as http://www.netgear.com.
2. Access the Main Menu of the ADSL modem
router’s configuration at http://192.168.1.1.
3.check the status that an IP address is shown
for the Internet Port. If 0.0.0.0 is shown, your
ADSL modem router has not obtained an IP
address from your ISP.

05/24/24 66
 Troubleshooting Internet Browsing
• If your ADSL modem router can obtain an IP address but
your computer is unable to load any Web pages from the
Internet:
Your computer may not recognize any DNS server
addresses.
A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates
Internet names (such as www addresses) to numeric IP
addresses. Typically your ISP will provide the addresses
of one or two DNS servers for your use. If you entered a
DNS address during the ADSL modem router’s
configuration, reboot your computer and verify the DNS
address as described in “Preparing a Computer for
Network Access”. Alternatively, you can configure your
computer manually with DNS addresses, as explained in
your operating system
05/24/24
documentation. 67
Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using the
Ping Utility

Most TCP/IP terminal devices and routers

contain a ping utility that sends an echo
request packet to the designated device.
The device then responds with an echo
reply. Troubleshooting a TCP/IP network is
made very easy by using the ping utility in
your computer.
05/24/24 68
Testing the LAN Path to Your Router
You can ping the router from your computer to
verify that the LAN path to your router is set
up correctly.
To ping the router from a PC running Windows
95 or later:
1.From the Windows toolbar, click the Start
button and select Run.
2. In the field provided, type Ping followed by
the IP address of the router, as in this
example: ping 192.168.1.1
3. Click OK. 05/24/24 69
You should see a message like this one:
Pinging <IP address> with 32 bytes of data
If the path is working, you see this message:
Reply from < IP address >: bytes=32
time=NN ms TTL=xxx
If the path is not working, you see this
message:
Request timed out If the path is not
functioning correctly, you could have one
of the following problems:

05/24/24 70
Con’t
• Wrong physical connections
— Make sure the LAN port LED is on. If the LED is off,
follow the instructions in “LAN or ADSL Internet Port
LEDs Not On”
- Check that the corresponding Link LEDs are on for your
network interface card and for the hub ports (if any) that
are connected to your workstation and router.
• Wrong network configuration
— Verify that the Ethernet card driver software and
TCP/IP software are both installed and configured on
your PC or workstation.
— Verify that the IP address for your router and your
workstation are correct and that the addresses are on
the same subnet 05/24/24 71
Testing the Path from Your Computer to a
Remote Device
From the Windows run menu, type: PING -n 10 <IP
address>
where <IP address> is the IP address of a remote device
such as your ISP’s DNS server.
If the path is functioning correctly, replies as in the
previous section are displayed. If you do not receive
replies:
- Check that your PC has the IP address of your router
listed as the default gateway. If the IP configuration of your
PC is assigned by DHCP, this information will not be
visible in your PC’s Network Control Panel. Verify that the
IP address of the router is listed as the TCP/IP default
gateway as described in “Preparing a Computer for
Network Access”. 05/24/24 72
Con’t
— Check to see that the network address of
your PC (the portion of the IP address
specified by the netmask) is different from
the network address of the remote device.
— If your ISP assigned a host name to your
PC, enter that host name as the Account
Name in the Basic Settings menu.

05/24/24 73
Restoring the Default Configuration and
Password
This section explains how to restore the factory
default configuration settings, changing the
router’s administration password to password
and the IP address to 192.168.1.1. You can
erase the current configuration and restore
factory defaults in two ways:
• Use the Erase function of the Web Configuration
Manager.
• Use the Reset button on the rear panel of the
router. Use this method for cases when the
administration password or IP address is not
known. 05/24/24 74
Using the Reset Button
To restore the factory default configuration
settings without knowing the administration
password or IP address, you must use the
Default Reset button on the rear panel of
the router.
1.Press and hold the Reset button until the
Test LED turns on (about 10 seconds).
2. Release the Default Reset button and wait
for the router to reboot.
05/24/24 75
Fiber optic
• Fiber optic cabling is based on optical
fibers, which are long, flexible, hair-width
strands of ultra-pure glass. Optical fibers
are formed when perform blanks
– portions of specially manufactured glass
– are heated to between 3000 and 4000
degrees and then drawn out at a rate of up
to 66 feet per second.
05/24/24 76
 Fiber Core Sizes
Specifications list the core and cladding
diameters as a ratio.
• Multimode fiber is commonly 62.5/125 or
50/125 micron,
• single mode fiber is commonly 9/125
micron.

05/24/24 77
Fiber Glass Types

05/24/24 78
Fiber optic Advantage
1. Greater bandwidth: Fiber provides more
bandwidth than copper and has standardized
performance up to 10 Gbps and beyond.
2. Speed and distance: Because the fiber optic
signal is made of light, very little signal loss
occurs during transmission, and data can move
at higher speeds and greater distances.
• Distances can range from 550 meters (984.2 ft.)
for 10-Gbps multimode and up to 40 kilometers
(24.8 mi.) for single-mode cable.

05/24/24 79
Con’t
3. Security:Your data is safe with fiber cable. It
doesn’t radiate signals and is extremely difficult to
tap.
4. Immunity and reliability: Fiber provides
extremely reliable data transmission. It’s completely
immune to many environmental factors that affect
copper cable.
5. Design: Fiber is lightweight, thin, and more durable
than copper cable. To get higher speeds using
copper cable, you need to use a higher grade of
cable, which typically have larger outside
diameters, weight more, and take up more space in
cable trays. 05/24/24 80
Con’t
6. Migration: The proliferation and lower
costs of media converters are making
copper to fiber migration much easier. The
converters provide seamless links and
enable the use of existing hardware.
7. Field termination: Although fiber is still
more difficult to terminate than copper,
advancements in fiber tools have made
terminating and using fiber in the field
easier.
05/24/24 81
Con’t
8. Cost: The cost for fiber cable,
components, and hardware has steadily
decreased. Overall, fiber cable is more
expensive than copper cable in the short
run, but it may be less expensive in the
long run.

05/24/24 82
DisAdvantage of Fiber Optics
• Price - Even though the raw material for
making optical fibres, sand, is abundant and
cheap, optical fibres are still more expensive
per meter than copper. Although, one fibre
can carry many more signals than a single
copper cable and the large transmission
distances mean that fewer expensive
repeaters are required.
• Fragility - Optical fibers are more fragile than
electrical wires.
05/24/24 83
• Affected by chemicals - The glass can be
affected by various chemicals including
hydrogen gas (a problem in underwater
cables.)
• Opaqueness - Despite extensive military use
it is known that most fibers become opaque
when exposed to radiation.
• Requires special skills - Optical fibers
cannot be joined together as a easily as
copper cable and requires additional training
of personnel and expensive precision splicing
and measurement equipment.
05/24/24 84
05/24/24 85
 VSAT
VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal): is a
satellite communications system that
serves home and business users.
A VSAT end user needs a box that
interfaces between the user's computer
and an outside antenna with a transceiver.
The transceiver receives or sends a signal
to a satellite transponder in the sky.

05/24/24 86
The following two diagrams shall demonstrate
FDRE’s Federal and Regional government hierarchy.

IP MPLS
ETC 3 Regions, 311 Woredos
7500
IP MPLS
Satellite dish
DMZ
Broad Band Route Switc
Metro r h
ID
ID S
S IP MPLS
IP MPLS
Mail Federal & Regions IP T
Relay Workstation
7206
ETC
PSTN
Content
Engine Cisco 42" Plasma Mic IP T Printer
Display
6509
Voice IP
Gateway
Router
Cisco 3 Federal Offices & 43 X Auxiliary
2600
8 Regions
Satellite dish
Satellite dish
Route Switc Route Switc
r h
Intranet
server
r h
(Primary
Call AD) MS Media
Manager Exchange Exchang
server e IP T IP T
Manager Workstation Workstation

Web
Server Video
Starbak
server (AD Confer. 42" Plasma Mic IP T Printe 42" Plasma Mic IP T
Backup) Bridge Display Display
r
05/24/24 87
The following Diagram shows the Typical
Woreda Connectivity with the VSAT
infrastructure.

05/24/24 88
 Materials Required:

A Roll of (300m or more) UTP (Cat 6)

cable,HUB (8 port or 24 ports),RJ 45 (required
amount), Crimping tools (Crimper ,
cutter),Wall outlets. Trunk (required width)

05/24/24 89
WoredaNet Connectivity and
IP Address Configuration

05/24/24 90
The above diagram can be described as follows:
• VSATDW7700
• DW7700 (LAN1 port)Router (10BT Ethernet
port)
• DW7700 (LAN2 port)DW6040 (for Regular
phone)
• Router (10/100 Ethernet port) )Switch ( port 1)
• Switch ( port 11/12) Falcon IP
• Switch (port 2-Port 20)  PC (Computers)……at
least 18 computers can be Networked.
• Switch ( port 21-24)  IP Phones

05/24/24 91
Case1: If Router & Switch
are Functional
IP Configuration for the Internet
Steps:
• Connect PC to Switch port.
• Rt.Click “My NW Places” Click “Properties” Rt.Click “Local Area
Connection” Click “Properties” Click “TCP/IP” Click
“Properties” tabSelect “Use the following IP Address” option
Eg. IP Address:10.81.129.65
Sub Net Mask:255.255.255.128
Default G.Way:10.81.129.1
Primary DNS server:213.55.96.148
Alternate DNS Server:213.55.96.166 or 8.8.8.8/4.2.2.2/4.4.4.4
OR Tele & NDC

05/24/24 92
• TIP: You can connect more computers on CISCO switch3550
ports (port 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20) where
as ports 11,12 are reserved for VC IP and ports 21-24 are
reserved for IP phones. If you give ip address 10.81.129.65
for the first computer, then the rest of the computers’ ip
addresses will be 10.81.129.66, 10.81.129.67 …etc but the
last digits 127,129,130 are reserved.

• TIP: If You want to extend LAN within the sector offices,

connect Hubs (8 ports or 24 ports) on one of switch ports (port
2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20) where as ports
11,12 are reserved for VC IP and ports 21-24 are reserved for
IP phones, then connect the computers to the Hubs and give
ip addresses that are not used by another computer in the
network.

05/24/24 93
Case 2 : If Router & Switch
are Not Functional
IP Configuration for the Internet
Steps:
Connect PC to DW7700 (LAN 1 port).
Rt.Click “My NW Places” Click “Properties” Rt.Click “Local Area
Connection” Click “Properties” Click “TCP/IP” Click
“Properties” tabSelect “Use the following IP Address” option
Eg. IP Address:10.81.128.5
Sub Net Mask:255.255.255.248
Default G.Way:10.81.128.2
Primary DNS Server: 213.55.96.148
Alternate DNS Server: 213.55.96.166
OR
Tele & NDC
Click “Ok”Click “Close” D.Click “Internet Explorer”
05/24/24 94
Bridge
• Like a repeater, a bridge can join segments or workgroup
LANs.
• However, a bridge can also divide a network to isolate
traffic or problems.
• Listens to all traffic.
• Checks the source and destination addresses of each
packet.
• Builds a MAC address table, as information becomes
available.
• Forwards packets in the following manner:
– If the destination is not listed in the MAC address table, the
bridge forwards the packets to next segment.
– If the destination is listed in the MAC address table, the
bridge forwards the packets to that segment (unless it is the
same segment as the source).
05/24/24 95
Thank You For Your
Attention

05/24/24 96