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    Common Tangents

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    APS Apoorv prakash singh
    The document discusses common tangents between two circles. It defines direct and transverse common tangents and provides methods to find the length of each. It also discusses the positions and number of common tangents based on the circles' radii and distance between centers, and provides examples calculating common tangents.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Common Tangents

    Uploaded by

    APS Apoorv prakash singh
    32 views19 pages
    The document discusses common tangents between two circles. It defines direct and transverse common tangents and provides methods to find the length of each. It also discusses the positions and number of common tangents based on the circles' radii and distance between centers, and provides examples calculating common tangents.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document discusses common tangents between two circles. It defines direct and transverse common tangents and provides methods to find the length of each. It also discusses the positions and number of common tangents based on the circles' radii and distance between centers, and provides examples calculating common tangents.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    32 views19 pages

    Common Tangents

    Uploaded by

    APS Apoorv prakash singh
    The document discusses common tangents between two circles. It defines direct and transverse common tangents and provides methods to find the length of each. It also discusses the positions and number of common tangents based on the circles' radii and distance between centers, and provides examples calculating common tangents.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 19

    Common Tangents

    Types of Common Tangents


     Direct Common Tangents (1 and 4)

     Transverse Common Tangents (2 and 3)


    Length of Direct Common
    Tangent
     We need the length of AB (L)

     Perpendicular is dropped CO2 on O1A

     CO2 = AB

     CO22 = (O1O2)2 – (O1C)2

     CO22 = (O1O2)2 – (R–r)2


    Length of Transverse
    Common Tangent
     We need the length of AC

     Draw O1D||AC to complete a rectangle (O1D = AC)

     O1D2 = (O1O2)2 – (O2D)2

    O2D = R+r

     AC2 = (O1O2)2 – (R+r)2


    Equation of Common Tangents
     We need equation of AB

     Extend AB to P and find coordinates of P (section


    formula)
     P divides in the ratio r:R

    AB: (y–y1) = m(x–x1)

    Now, apply tangent equation


    Positions of Common
    Tangents
     If 2 circles lie outside each other, there are 4 common
    tangents

    2 Direct and 2 Transverse


     C1C2 > r1+r2
    Positions of Common
    Tangents
     If 2 circles touch externally at one point, there are 3
    common tangents

    2 Direct and 1 Transverse


     C1C2 = r1+r2
    Positions of Common
    Tangents
     If two circles intersect at two points

    There are 2 direct tangents and no transverse tangents


     C1C2 < r1+r2

     C1C2 > |r1 – r2|


    Positions of Common
    Tangents
     If two circles touch internally

    There is one direct tangent


     C1C2 = |r1–r2|
    Example
     Find length of direct common tangents to the circles
    x2+y2–2x–6y+9 = 0 and x2+y2–6x–2y+1 = 0

    The center and radii are C1 (1,3), r1 = 1, C2 = (–3,1), r2 = 3

    Since C1C2 = √20 and r1+r2 = 4

     Circles are non intersecting and there are 4 tangents


    Example contd.
     C1P2 + 22 = 20

     C1P2 = 16

     AB = 4 units
    Example
     Find the range of ‘a’ such that the circles:

    (x–2)2 + (y–1)2 = a2 and (x–4)2 + (y–1)2 = 4

    intersect at 2 points

    If circles intersect at 2 points:

    C1C2 < r1 + r2 and C1C2 > |r1–r2|

     |a–2| < 2 < a + 2


    Example contd.
     |a–2| < 2 < a + 2

    From 2 < a+2,

    a>0

    From |a–2| < 2,

     –2 < a–2 < 2

    0 < a < 4
    Example
     Find the number of common tangents to the circles: x 2+y2 = 9 and
    (x–8)2+(y–10)2 = 25
     Also find the equations of TCT (if present)

    The center and radii: C1 is (0,0), r1 = 3 and C2 = (8,10), r2 = 5

    C1C2 = √164 > r1 + r2

     They are two separated circles having 4 common tangents

    We need to find the equations of both TCTs now


    Example contd.
     The point P divides C1C2 in r1:r2, i.e., 3:5

     P is (3,15/4)

    Hence, AB and CD are:

    y – 15/4 = m(x–3)

     y = mx + (15/4 – 3m)

    We can now apply tangency condition w.r.t. C 1


    Example contd.
     Condition for Tangency is c2 = r2(1+m2)

     (15/4 – 3m)2 = 9(1+m2)

    Solving, m = 9/40

    Since there is only 1 value


    for m, the other value for m
    is ∞

     TCTs are y–15/4 = 9/40(x–3) and x = 3


    Example
     Prove that the common tangents to the circle x2+y2–6x = 0
    and x2+y2+2x = 0 form an equilateral triangle

    C1 is (3,0), r1 is 3, C2 is (–1,0), r2 is 1

    The tangents are marked 1, 2, 3

    Y axis is also a tangent


    Example contd.
     P divides the C1C2 in the ratio r1:r2, i.e., 1:3

     P is (–3,0)

     sin(∠OPA) = 3/6 = ½

     ∠OPA = 30˚

     Angle formed by 1 and 2 is 60˚

    Also, by symmetry PM = PN, so ∆PMN is equilateral


    3
    B C1
    M
    1 A 3
    C1
    1
    P –1,0 O (3,0) C2
    2
    C2 N
    C
    P (0,0)
    (8,10)
    C1
    B
    D C2

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