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Compartment of Thigh

The document discusses the anatomy of the muscles in the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh. It describes the origin, insertion, innervation, and actions of each muscle. The anterior muscles act to extend the knee and include the quadriceps and hip flexors. The medial muscles are adductors of the thigh. The posterior muscles are the hamstrings and extend the hip and flex the knee.

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halarajeh2004
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109 views

Compartment of Thigh

The document discusses the anatomy of the muscles in the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh. It describes the origin, insertion, innervation, and actions of each muscle. The anterior muscles act to extend the knee and include the quadriceps and hip flexors. The medial muscles are adductors of the thigh. The posterior muscles are the hamstrings and extend the hip and flex the knee.

Uploaded by

halarajeh2004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Compartment of thigh

Prepared by:
Dr. Randa A. Alasalahi
Senior specialest ortopedic surgeon
anterior compartment of the thigh
• The muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh are a group of
muscles that (mostly) act to extend the lower limb at the knee joint.

They are collectively innervated by the femoral nerve (L2-L4), and


recieve arterial supply from the femoral artery.

In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the muscles of the


anterior thigh – their actions, attachments and clinical correlations.
Iliopsoas
• The iliopsoas is comprised of two separate muscles; the psoas major
and iliacus.

These muscles arise in the pelvis and pass under the inguinal ligament
into the anterior compartment of the thigh – where they form a
common tendon.

Unlike many of the anterior thigh muscles, the iliopsoas does


not perform extension of the leg at the knee joint.
Iliacus :
• Origin: iliac fossa of hip bone .
• Insertion : with psoas into lesser trochanter of femur.

• Actions: flex thigh on trunk; if thigh is fixed ; it flexes the trunk on


thigh as in sitting up from lying down.

• Innervation: Femoral nerve.


• Nerve root : L2,3.
Psoas :
• Origin: transvers processes , bodies , and intervertebral discs of the 12th
thoracic and five lumber vertebrae.

• Insertion : with iliacus into lesser trochanter of femur .

• Actions: flex thigh on trunk; if thigh is fixed ; it flexes the trunk on thigh
as in sitting up from lying down.

• Innervation: lumber plexus .


• Nerve root : L1,2,3.
Quadriceps Femoris
• The quadriceps femoris consists of four individual muscles – the three
vastus muscles and the rectus femoris. It forms the main bulk of the
anterior thigh, and is one of the most powerful muscles in the body.

The four muscles collectively insert onto the patella via


the quadriceps tendon. The patella, in turn, is attached to the tibial
tuberosity by the patella ligament.
Vastus Lateralis
• Origin: upper end and shaft of femur.
• Insertion : quadriceps tendon into patella then via ligamentum patella
into tubercle of tibia .

• Actions: Extension of the knee joint. It has a secondary function of


stabilising the patella.

• Innervation: Femoral nerve.


• Nerve root : L2,3,4
Vastus Intermedius
• Origin: anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femure
• Insertion : quadriceps tendon into patella then via ligamentum patella
into tubercle of tibia .

• Actions: Extension of the knee joint. It has a secondary function of


stabilising the patella.

• Innervation: Femoral nerve.


• Nerve root : L2,3,4
Vastus Medialis
• Origin: upper end and shaft of femur.
• Insertion : quadriceps tendon into patella then via ligamentum patella
into tubercle of tibia .

• Actions: Extension of the knee joint. It has a secondary function of


stabilising the patella.

• Innervation: Femoral nerve.


• Nerve root : L2,3,4
Rectus Femoris
• Origin: straight head : anterior inferior iliac spine .
Reflected head :ilium above the acetabulum.
• Insertion : quadriceps tendon into patella then via ligamentum patella
into tubercle of tibia .

• Actions: Extension of leg at knee joint and flex thigh at hip joint .

• Innervation: Femoral nerve.


• Nerve root : L2,3,4
Sartorius
• Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
• Insertion : upper medial surface of shaft of tibia .

• Actions: flexes, abducts, lateral rotates thigh at hip joint ; flexes and
medially rotates leg at knee joint
• Innervation: Femoral nerve.
• Nerve root : L2,3
Pectineus
• Origin: superior ramus of pubis.
• Insertion : upper end of linea aspera of shaft of femur .

• Actions: flexes and adducts thigh at hip joint .

• Innervation: Femoral nerve.


• Nerve root : L2,3.
medial compartment of the thigh
• The muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh are collectively
known as the hip adductors.

There are five muscles in this group; gracilis, obturator externus,


adductor brevis, adductor longus and adductor magnus.
• All the medial thigh muscles are innervated by the obturator nerve,
which arises from the lumbar plexus.
• Arterial supply is through the obturator artery.

In this article, we shall examine the anatomy of the muscles of the


medial thigh – their attachments, actions and clinical correlations.
Adductor Magnus
• Origin: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium, ischial tuberosity .
• Insertion : posterior surface of shaft of femur, adductor tubercle of femur.

• Actions: adducts thigh at hip joint and assists in lateral rotation :


hamstring portion extends thigh at hip joint.

• Innervation: adductor portion: obturator nerve. Hamstring portion:


sciatic nerve
• Nerve root : L2,3,4.
Adductor Longus
• Origin: body of pubis, medial to pubic tubercle.
• Insertion : posterior surface of shaft of femur( linea aspera).

• Actions: adducts thigh at hip joint and assists in lateral rotation .

• Innervation: :obturator nerve.


• Nerve root : L2,3,4.
Adductor Brevis
• Origin: inferior ramus of pubis.
• Insertion : posterior surface of shaft of femur( linea aspera )

• Actions: adducts thigh at hip joint and assists in lateral rotation .

• Innervation: obturator nerve.


• Nerve root : L2,3,4.
Obturator Externus
• Origin: outer surface of Obturator membrane and pubic and ischial
rami.
• Insertion : medial surface of great trochanter.

• Actions: lateral rotates thigh at hip joint.

• Innervation: Obturator nerve.


• Nerve root : L3,4.
Gracilis
• Origin: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium.
• Insertion : upper part of shaft of tibia on medial surface .

• Actions: adducts thigh at hip joint , flexes leg at knee joint .

• Innervation: obturator nerve.


• Nerve root : L2,3.
Adductor canal
• The adductor canal (Hunter’s canal, subsartorial canal) is a narrow
conical tunnel located in the thigh.

It is approximately 15cm long, extending from the apex of the femoral


triangle to the adductor hiatus of the adductor magnus. The canal
serves as a passageway from structures moving between the anterior
thigh and posterior leg.

In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the adductor canal –


its borders, contents and clinical relevance.
Borders
• The adductor canal is bordered by muscular structures:

• Anteromedial – Sartorius.

• Lateral – Vastus medialis.

• Posterior – Adductor longus and adductor magnus

• The adductor canal runs from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor
hiatus – a gap between the adductor and hamstring attachments of the adductor
magnus muscle.
Contents
• The adductor canal serves as a passageway for structures moving
between the anterior thigh and posterior leg.

It transmits the femoral artery, femoral vein (posterior to the artery),


nerve to the vastus medialis and the saphenous nerve – the largest
cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve.

As the femoral artery and vein exit the canal, they are called
the popliteal artery and vein respectively.
posterior compartment of the thigh
• The muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh are
collectively known as the hamstrings.
• They consist of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus and
semimembranosus, which form prominent tendons medially and
laterally at the back of the knee.
• As group, these muscles act to extend at the hip, and flex at the knee.
They are innervated by the sciatic nerve (L4-S3).

In this article, we shall examine the anatomy of the muscles in the


posterior thigh – their attachments, actions and clinical correlations.
Biceps Femoris
• Origin: long head : ischial tuberosity.
Short head : linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge of shaft of femur.
• Insertion : head of fibula.

• Actions: flexes and laterally rotates leg at knee joint ; long head also
extends thigh at hip joint. .

• Innervation: long head : tibial portion of sciatic nerve . Short head:


common peroneal portion of sciatic nerve.
• Nerve root : L5; S1,2.
Semitendinosus
• Origin: ischial tuberosity.
• Insertion : upper part of medial surface of shaft of tibia

• Actions: flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint ; extend thigh
at hip joint.

• Innervation: tibial portion of sciatic nerve .


• Nerve root : L5; S1,2.
Semimembranosus
• Origin: ischial tuberosity.
• Insertion : medial condyle of tibia.

• Actions: flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint ; extend thigh
at hip joint.

• Innervation: tibial portion of sciatic nerve .


• Nerve root : L5; S1,2.

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