Scribd
Upload
21 views12 pages

Aumented Matrices

This document discusses solving systems of linear equations using matrices and the augmented matrix method. It defines matrices and how to set up an augmented matrix to represent a system of linear equations. It then provides examples of using row operations on the augmented matrix to solve systems.

Uploaded by

tamanaatiffi1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
21 views12 pages

Aumented Matrices

This document discusses solving systems of linear equations using matrices and the augmented matrix method. It defines matrices and how to set up an augmented matrix to represent a system of linear equations. It then provides examples of using row operations on the augmented matrix to solve systems.

Uploaded by

tamanaatiffi1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

Chapter 4

Systems of
Linear Equations;
Matrices

Section 2
Systems of Linear
Equations and
Augmented Matrices

Copyright © 2015, 2011, and 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. 1


Learning Objectives for Section 4.2

Systems of Linear Equations and


Augmented Matrices

 The student will be able to use terms associated with matrices.


 The student will be able to set up and solve the augmented
matrix associated with a linear system in two variables.
 The student will be able to identify the three possible matrix
solution types for a linear system in two variables.

Copyright © 2015, 2011, and 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. 2


Matrices

It is impractical to solve more complicated linear


systems by hand. Computers and calculators now
have built in routines to solve larger and more
complex systems. Matrices, in conjunction with
graphing utilities and or computers are used for
solving more complex systems. In this section,
we will develop certain matrix methods for
solving two by two systems.

Copyright © 2015, 2011, and 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. 3


Matrices

A matrix is a rectangular Since this matrix has 3


array of numbers written rows and 3 columns, the
within brackets. Here is an dimensions of the matrix
example of a matrix which are 3 x 3.
has three rows and three
columns: The subscripts give
the “address” of each entry
of the matrix. For example
the entry a23 is found in the
second row and third column
Each number in the
matrix is called an
element.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, and 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. 4
Matrix Solution of Linear Systems

When solving systems of Example:


linear equations, we can x + 3y = 5
represent a linear system of
2x – y = 3
equations by an augmented
The augmented matrix
matrix, a matrix which
associated with the above
stores the coefficients and
system is
constants of the linear system
and then manipulate the
augmented matrix to obtain
the solution of the system.

Copyright © 2015, 2011, and 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. 5


Generalization

 Linear system:  Associated


augmented matrix:

Copyright © 2015, 2011, and 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. 6


Operations that Produce
Row-Equivalent Matrices

 1. Two rows are interchanged:

 2. A row is multiplied by a nonzero constant:

 3. A constant multiple of one row is added to another


row:

Note: The arrow means “replaces.”

Copyright © 2015, 2011, and 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. 7


Augmented Matrix Method
Example

Solve  :

x + 3y = 5
2x – y = 3

1. Augmented system
2. Eliminate 2 in 2nd row by
row operation
3. Divide row two by –7 to
obtain a coefficient of 1.
4. Eliminate the 3 in first
row, second position.
5. Read solution from matrix
Copyright © 2015, 2011, and 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. 8
Augmented Matrix Method
Example
Solve
x + 2y = 4
x + (1/2)y = 4
 Eliminate fraction in second equation
by multiplying by 2
 Write system as augmented matrix.
 Multiply row 1 by –2 and add to row 2
 Divide row 2 by –3
 Multiply row 2 by –2 and add to row
1.
 Read solution : x = 4, y = 0
 (4,0)
Copyright © 2015, 2011, and 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. 9
Augmented Matrix Method
Example
Solve
10x – 2y = 6
–5x + y = –3
1. Represent as augmented matrix.
2. Divide row 1 by 2
3. Add row 1 to row 2 and replace
row 2 by sum
4. Since 0 = 0 is always true, we have
a dependent system. The two
equations are identical, and there
are infinitely many solutions.

Copyright © 2015, 2011, and 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. 10


Augmented Matrix Method
Example
 Solve

 Rewrite second equation


 Add first row to second row
 The last row is the equivalent of
0x + 0y = -5
 Since we have an impossible
equation, there is no solution.
The two lines are parallel and
do not intersect.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, and 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. 11
Possible Final Matrix Forms for a
Linear System in Two Variables

Form 1: Unique Solution


(Consistent and Independent)

Form 2: Infinitely Many Solutions


(Consistent and Dependent)

Form 3: No Solution (Inconsistent)

Copyright © 2015, 2011, and 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. 12

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy