Steel structure

Compression Members

Part 4: Design of Compression Members (420)

Chapter E: 89
Chapter E commentary: 363
 Steel structure
Compression Members
Part 4: Design of Compression Members (420)
Chapter E: 89
Chapter E commentary: 363
 Steel structure
This lecture will cover

1. Introduction

2. Compression Members vs Tension Members

3. Column Buckling

4. Elastic Buckling of Columns

5. Types of Column Failures

6. Effective Length of Columns in Frames

7. Local Buckling.

8. Design Strength of Columns

9. Column Base Plates

 Steel structure
1. Introduction
 Steel structure
Introduction

Compression members are structural elements that are subjected only to axial
compressive forces, that is the load are applied along a longitudinal axis through
the centroid of the member cross section

There are several types of compression members, the column being the best
known.

• Among the other types are the top chords of trusses and various bracing
members.

• In addition, many other members have compression in some of their parts.

• These include the compression flanges of rolled beams and built ‐up beam
sections, and members that are subjected simultaneously to bending and
compressive loads.

• Columns are usually thought of as being straight vertical members whose

lengths are considerably greater than their thicknesses.

• Short vertical members subjected to compressive loads are often called

struts
 Steel structure
Introduction

Basic compression member types

 Steel structure
1. Introduction

Sections used for Compression Members

 Steel structure
1. Introduction

Sections used for Compression Members

 Steel structure
1. Introduction

Imperfections

• The stress‐state will be non‐uniform due to:

• Accidental eccentricity of loading with respect to the centroid
• Member out‐of –straightness (crookedness), or
• Residual stresses in the member cross‐section due to fabrication processes
 Steel structure
Residual stresses in the member cross‐section due to fabrication processes
 Steel structure
Residual stresses in the member cross‐section due to fabrication processes

Influence of Residual stresses on average stress-strain curve

 Steel structure
Residual stresses in the member cross‐section
due to fabrication processes

In which shape
column strength will be greater…
Typical Residual stresses
pattern on rolled shaped

Typical Residual stress

distribution on welded
shaped
 Steel structure
1. Introduction

Bending with Compression

• Sometime they may carry bending moments as well about one or both axis of
cross section.

• The bending action may produce tension in part of the cross ‐section

• Despite of tensile stresses or forces that may produce, columns are generally
referred as “Compression Members” because compression stresses normally
dominate their behavior.
 Steel structure
1. Introduction

Bending with Compression

Biaxial
Column

Axial Column

Uniaxial
Column
 Steel structure
1. Introduction

Slenderness Ratio

• The longer the column, for the same x‐section, the greater becomes its
tendency to buckle and smaller becomes its load carrying capacity.

• The tendency of column to buckle is usually measured by its slenderness ratio

• For members designed on the basis of compression, the effective slenderness

ratio, Lc /r, preferably should not exceed 200.

rx ry
 Steel structure
1. Introduction

Slenderness Ratio
 Steel structure

Compression Members Vs Tension Members

 Steel structure
Compression Members vs Tension Members

Basic Actions

• Tension in members causes lengthening of members.

• Compression beside compression forces causes buckling of member

 Steel structure
Compression Members vs Tension Members

Effect of Material Imperfections and Flaws

• A column is more critical than a beam or tension member because minor

imperfections in materials and dimensions mean a great deal.

• Slight imperfections in tension members are can be safely disregarded as they

are of little consequence.

• On the other hand slight defects in columns are of great significance.

• A column that is slightly bent at the time it is put in place may have significant
bending resulting from the load and initial lateral deflection.

• The bending of tension members probably will not be serious as the tensile
loads tends to straighten those members, but bending of compression
members is serious because compressive loads will tend to magnify the
bending in those members.
 Steel structure
Compression Members vs Tension Members

Net Area

• Presence of holes in bolted connection reduce Gross area in tension members.

(An is not equal to Ag)

• Presence of bolts also contribute in taking load An = Ag

 Steel structure

Column Buckling
 Steel structure
Column Buckling

Definition

• Buckling is a mode of failure generally resulting from structural instability

due to compressive action on the structural member or element involved.

• Examples of commonly seen and used tools are provided.

Common Examples
• Elastic Buckling
 Steel structure
Column Buckling

Common Examples

• Plastic Buckling
 Steel structure
Column Buckling

Steel column Buckling

Plastic Buckling
 Steel structure
Column Buckling

Steel column Buckling

Local buckling of column under

axial compression load.
 Steel structure
Column Buckling

Mechanism of Buckling

• The column is then given a small deflection by giving a small force F.

• If the force P is sufficiently small, when the force F is removed, the column will
go back to its original straight position.
 Steel structure
Column Buckling

Mechanism of Buckling

• The column will go back to its original straight position. Just as the ball
returns to the bottom of the container.

• Gravity tends to restore the ball to its original position while in columns
elasticity of column itself acts as a restoring force.

• This action constitutes stable equilibrium.

 Steel structure
Column Buckling

Mechanism of Buckling

• The same procedure can be repeated with increased load until some critical
value is reached.
 Steel structure
Column Buckling

Mechanism of Buckling

• The elastic restoring force was not enough to prevent small disturbance
growing into an excessively large deflection.

• Depending on magnitude of load P, column either remain in bent position, or

will completely collapse or fracture.
 Steel structure
Column Buckling

Conclusions

This type of behavior indicates that for axial loads greater than P cr the straight
position of column is one of unstable equilibrium in that a small disturbance
will tend to grow into an excessive deformation.

Buckling is unique from our other structural elements considerations in that it

results from state of unstable equilibrium.

Buckling of long columns is not caused by failure of material of which column

is composed but by determination of what was stable state of equilibrium to an
unstable one.
 Steel structure
Column Buckling

Compression Member Buckling

 Buckling occurs when a straight, homogeneous, centrally loaded column

subjected to axial compression suddenly undergoes bending.

 Buckling is identified as a failure limit‐state for columns.

 The value of P at which a straight column becomes unstable is called the

Critical Load Pcr .

 When column bends at critical load, it is said to have buckled.

 Therefore, critical load is also called the buckling load P cr. And is given by
Euler’s Formula as….
 Steel structure

Elastic Buckling of Columns

 Steel structure
Elastic Buckling of Columns

Euler’s Formula

The compression stress on any member is fc = P/A,

the Euler critical buckling load can be expressed in
terms of stress as Fe known as Euler elastic critical
buckling stress, psi, with A = Cross-sectional area,
in.2, and r = Radius of gyration, in.
 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Effective Length Factor

• The value of Pcr depends upon the end conditions of the column as shown.

KL is called effective length of column and K effective length factor.

 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Effective Length Factor

P = π2EI/L2 P = 4π2EI/L2 P = 2π2EI/L2

KL is called effective length of column and K effective length factor.

 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Approximate values of Effective Length Factor K

 Steel structure

Types of Column Failures

 Steel structure
Types of Column Failures

There are three basic types of column failures.

1. A compressive material failure ( very short and fat).

• Yielding of material (no buckling).

2. A buckling failure, (very long and skinny).

• Elastic buckling or Euler buckling as discussed before. Very high slenderness
ratio (no Yielding).

3. A combination of both compressive and buckling failures. (length and width

of a column is in between a short and fat and long and skinny column).
• Inelastic buckling (Buckling start after some of the cross section has already
yielded).
 Steel structure
Types of Column Failures

There are three basic types of column failures.

 Steel structure
Types of Column Failures

Inelastic Buckling

 In elastic buckling, it was assumed that a column made of a metal whose

stress‐strain curve is linear until a yield plateau reached.

 For a column with intermediate length, when buckling occurs after the stress
in the column exceeds the proportional limit of the column material and before
the stress reaches the ultimate strength.

 This kind of situation is called inelastic buckling.

Now what will be the strength of column…

 Steel structure
Types of Column Failures

COLUMN STRENGTH
 Steel structure
Types of Column Failures

COLUMN STRENGTH
 Steel structure
Types of Column Failures

Standard Column Curve

 Steel structure
Types of Column Failures

COLUMN STRENGTH
 Steel structure
Types of Column Failures

AISC Column Curve

 Steel structure

Effective Length of Columns in Frames

 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

So far, we have looked at the buckling strength of individual columns.

 These columns had various boundary conditions at the ends, but they were
not connected to other members with moment (fix) connections.

 However, when these individual columns are part of a frame, their ends are
connected to other members (beams etc.).

 These frames are sometimes braced and sometimes un braced.

 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Braced Frame

• A Braced frame is one in which a sideway (joint translation) is prevented by

means of bracing, shear walls, or lateral support from adjoining structure.
 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Unbraced Frame

• A Unbraced frame does not have any bracing and must depend on stiffness of
its own members and rotational rigidity of joints between frame members to
prevent lateral buckling.
 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Braced and Unbraced Frame

 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Effective Length Coefficient

• Critical loads for a column depends on:

• Its stiffness relative to that of beams framing into it and

• Presence or absence of restraint to lateral displacement of its ends.

 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Alignment Charts

• First, you have to determine whether the column is part of a braced frame or
an unbraced (moment resisting) frame.

• Then, you have to determine the relative rigidity factor G for both ends of the
column

• G is defined as the ratio of the summation of the rigidity (EI/L) of all columns
coming together at an end to the summation of the rigidity (EI/L) of all beams
coming together at the same end.

• It must be calculated for both ends of the column.

 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Alignment Charts

• Then, you can determine the effective length factor K for the column using the
calculated value of G at both ends, i.e., G A and GB and the appropriate alignment
chart.

• There are two alignment charts provided by the AISC manual.

• One is for columns in braced (side sway inhibited) frames. 0 < K ≤ 1

• The second is for columns in un‐braced (side sway uninhibited) frames.1 < K ≤ ∞
 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Alignment Charts
 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Alignment Charts
 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Alignment Charts
 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Example 01 Sway Frame Effective Length Factors by Alignment Chart

• For the sway frame shown in Fig., determine the effective length factors of
columns 45 and 56. The girders have a moment of inertia of twice
that of the columns. The columns are adequately braced in the transverse
direction.
 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

For a column with a pinned base, the stiffness ratio is theoretically infinity and
AISC 360 Commentary Sec. A-7.2 recommends a practical value of G = 10.
For a column with a fixed base, the stiffness ratio is theoretically zero and AISC
360 Commentary Sec. A-7.2 recommends a practical value of G = 1.0.
 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames
 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Alignment Charts
 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Inelastic buckling

 G is a measure of the relative flexural rigidity of the columns (EI c/Lc) with
respect to the beams (EIb/Lb)

 However, if column buckling were to occur in the inelastic range, then the
flexural rigidity of the column will be reduced because I c will be the moment of
inertia of only the elastic core of the entire cross‐section.
 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Inelastic buckling

• The alignment charts are applicable to columns in the elastic range of stress.

• When the axial load on a column is increased and portions of the section yield,
the effective modulus of elasticity of the yielded areas reduces to zero.

• Hence, in the inelastic range, this reduction in the modulus of elasticity has
the effect of reducing the overall stiffness of the column.

• This may be compensated for by multiplying the stiffness ratio G, by the

stiffness reduction factor given by

where E is elastic modulus of

elasticity and ET is tangent
modulus.
 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Inelastic buckling

Hence, the reduced stiffness ratio is

• Values of the stiffness reduction factor are tabulated in American Institute of

Steel Construction, Steel Construction Manual (AISC Manual) Table 4 ‐21 (pp 4 ‐
317) for steel members with a yield stress of 35, 36, 42, 46, or 50 ksi for varying
values of Pu/Ag.

• Where Pu is the required axial compressive strength using ASD or LRFD load
combinations.

• It is conservative to ignore the stiffness reduction factor.

 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Inelastic buckling
 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Example 02
Effective Length Factors Allowing for Stiffness Reduction

For the sway frame shown in Fig., determine the effective length factor of column
56. The girders have a moment of inertia of twice that of the columns and the
columns are adequately braced in the transverse direction. The ratio Pu/Ag = 20
ksi for ASD load combinations and 30 ksi for LRFD load combinations. The yield
stress of all members is Fy = 50 ksi.
 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Example 02

• For the fixed connection at joint 6, AISC 360 Commentary Sec. A ‐7.2
recommends a practical value of G6 = 1.0
• Ignoring stiffness reduction, the stiffness ratio at joint 5 is
 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Example 02
 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Inelastic buckling
 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Inelastic buckling
 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Example 02
 Steel structure

Local Buckling
 Steel structure
Local buckling

 If the column section is made of thin (slender) plate

elements, then failure can occur due to local buckling of the
flanges or the webs in compression well before the calculated
buckling strength of the whole member is reached.

 When thin plates are used to carry compressive stresses

they are particularly susceptible to buckling about their weak
axis due small moment of Inertia.

 If local buckling of the individual plate elements occurs,

then the column may not be able to develop its buckling
strength.

 Therefore, the local buckling limit state must be prevented

from controlling the column strength.
 Steel structure
Local buckling

Local Buckling in Steel Members

Flange Buckling

Local buckling of column under

axial compression load.
 Steel structure
Local buckling

Local Buckling in Steel Members

 Steel structure
Local buckling

Local Buckling in Steel Members

Local buckling depends on the slenderness (width ‐to ‐ thickness, b/t ratio) of the
plate element and the yield stress (Fy) of the material.

 Each plate element must be stocky enough, i.e., have a b/t ratio that prevents
local buckling from governing the column strength.

 The AISC specification provides the slenderness (b/t) limits that the individual
plate elements must satisfy so that local buckling does not control.

b
t

Unstiffened and Stiffened element

 Steel structure
Local buckling

Classifications of sections for local buckling

Unstiffened and Stiffened element

 Steel structure
Local buckling

Classifications of sections for local buckling

unstiffened and Stiffened element

 Steel structure
Local buckling

Classifications of sections for local buckling

• For members subject to axial compression, sections are classified as

nonslender element or slender‐element sections.

• For a nonslender element section, the width to ‐thickness ratios λ of its

compression elements shall not exceed λr from Table B4.1a. (λ ≤ λr )

• If the width‐to‐thickness ratio λ of any compression element exceeds λr, the

section is a slender‐element section. (λ > λr)
 Steel structure
Local buckling

Limits for Non Slender Sections

 Steel structure
Local buckling

Limits for Non Slender Sections

 Steel structure
Local buckling

Limits for Non Slender Sections

 Steel structure
Local buckling

Classifications of sections for local buckling

• For members subject to flexure, sections are classified as compact, noncompact

or slender‐element sections.

compact
• For a section to qualify as compact, its flanges must be continuously connected
to the web or webs, and the width‐to‐thickness ratios of its compression
elements shall not exceed the limiting width ‐to ‐thickness ratios, λp, from Table
B4.1b.

Non-compact
• If the width‐to‐thickness ratio of one or more compression elements exceeds λp,
but does not exceed λr from Table B4.1b, the section is noncompact.

slender
• If the width‐to‐thickness ratio of any compression element exceeds λr, the
section is a slender‐element section.
 Steel structure
Local buckling

Limits for Compact, Non‐compact, and Slender Sections

λ = width-to-thickness ratio
λp = upper limit for compact category
λr= upper limit for non-compact category

λ ≤ λp flange is continuously connected to

the web, the shape is compact

λp < λ ≤ λr the shape is non-compact

λ > λr the shape is slender

Width-to-Thickness Parameters
 Steel structure
Local buckling

Limits for Compact, Non‐compact, and Slender Sections

 Steel structure
Local buckling

Limits for Compact, Non‐compact, and Slender Sections

 Steel structure
Local buckling

Limits for Compact, Non‐compact, and Slender Sections

 Steel structure

Design Strength of Columns

 Steel structure
Design Strength of Columns

Compact and Non compact Sections

 Steel structure
Design Strength of Columns

Compact and Non compact Sections

 Steel structure
Design Strength of Columns

Members with Slender Elements

 Steel structure
Design Strength of Columns

Members with Slender Elements

 Steel structure
Design Strength of Columns

Members with Slender Elements

 Steel structure
Design Strength of Columns

Members with Slender Elements

• See page 40 of the AISC specifications for further details.

 Steel structure
Design Strength of Columns

Most wide flange shapes that are listed in the AISCM do not have slender
elements; therefore, the reduction factor, Q, is 1.0 for most cases.

• There are, in fact, very few sections listed in the AISCM that have slender
elements and these are usually indicated by a footnote.

• However, some HSS (round and square), double‐angle shapes, and WT ‐shapes
are made up of slender elements.

All W-shapes with a yield stress of Fy = 50 ksi have nonslender flanges.

All W-shapes in the range W8 to W14, with a yield stress of Fy = 50 ksi, have
nonslender webs with the exception of W14 × 43.
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 1
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 1
 Steel structure
Design Strength of Columns
Column
Axes

Minor Axes
Major Axes
 Steel structure
Design Strength of Columns

Column Axes
 Steel structure
Design Strength of Columns

Column Axes
 Steel structure
Design Strength of Columns

Column Axes
 Steel structure

Example Problems
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 1
 Steel structure
Effective Length of Columns in Frames

Approximate values of Effective Length Factor K

 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 1
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Example Problems

Example 1
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Example Problems

Example 1
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Example Problems

Example 1
 Steel structure
Types of Column Failures

AISC Column Curve

 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 1
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 1
From AISCM,
Table 4-22
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 1
From AISCM,
Table 4-22
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 1
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 1

from AISC,
Table 4-1
(i.e., the column
load tables)
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 1

from AISC,
Table 4-1
(i.e., the column
load tables)
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 1
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Example Problems

Example 1
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Example Problems

Example 2
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Example Problems

Example 2
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Example Problems

Example 2
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Example Problems

Example 2
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 2

From AISCM,
Table 4-22
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 2

From AISCM,
Table 4-22
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 2
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 2

from AISC,
Table 4-4
(i.e., the column
load tables)
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 2

from AISC,
Table 4-4
(i.e., the column
load tables)
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 2
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 3
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Example Problems

Example 3
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Example Problems

Example 3
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Example Problems

Example 3
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Example Problems

Example 4
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Example Problems

Example 4
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Example Problems

Example 4
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Example Problems

Example 4
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Example Problems

Example 4
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 4
From AISCM,
Table 4-22
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 4
From AISCM,
Table 4-22
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 4
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 4
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Example Problems

Example 4
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 4
From AISCM,
Table 4-22
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 4
From AISCM,
Table 4-22
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 4
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 5
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Example Problems

Example 5
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Example Problems

Example 5
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Example Problems

Example 5
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Example Problems

Example 5
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Example Problems

Example 5
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Example Problems

Example 5
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Example Problems

Example 5
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Example Problems

Example 5
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Example Problems

Example 5
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 5
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Example Problems

Example 6
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 6
 Steel structure
Example Problems

Example 6
 Steel structure

Column Base Plates

 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

• The base of a column which is supported by a concrete footing must have a

bearing plate large enough to distribute the load over an area sufficient to
preclude excessive bearing stresses.

• The distribution of the pressure of the plate on the footing depends upon the
relative stiffnesses of the two.

• Even if the distribution were known, the resulting stresses in the plate could
not be determined easily since bending in two directions is involved
 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

• The usual analysis is based on two assumptions:

1. The pressure of the footing on the plate is uniformly distributed

2. Those portions of the plate which project from the column shaft act as
cantilever beams.
 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

• Since the sections of zero shear, and consequently of maximum moment, in the
bearing plates are inside the area of contact between the column shaft and
plate, the lengths of the cantilevered portions are usually assumed to be longer
than the actual projection of the plate.

• The AISC recommended analysis for H‐shaped columns assumes that the
maximum moments occur at sections which are 0.95d apart in one direction and
0.8b apart in the other direction, where d and b are, respectively, the depth and
flange width of the shape.

• The cantilever lengths are, then

 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

•The base plate is usually larger than the column size (depending on the shape of
the column) by as much as 3 to 4 in. all around to provide room for the
placement of the anchor bolt holes outside of the column footprint.

• For W‐shape columns where the anchor bolts can be located within the column
footprint on either side of the web, the plan size of the base plate may only need
to be just a little larger than the column size to allow for the fillet welding of the
column to the base plate, but the actual plate size is still dependent on the
applied load and the concrete bearing stress.
fillet welding
anchor bolt holes

anchor bolt
holes
 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

Concrete Footing

•Base plates are provided to columns to ensure that the column load is
distributed to the concrete footing without exceeding the capacity of the concrete
.
•As shown in Fig., the column load is assumed dispersed in the footing at a slope
of 2 in 1.
 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

Concrete Footing

• The nominal bearing strength of the concrete is given by AISC 360 Eq. (J8‐2) as
 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

Concrete Footing

• When the base plate is the same size as the concrete footing, A2 = A1 and the
nominal bearing strength of the concrete is given by AISC 360 Eq. (J8‐1) as
 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

Concrete Footing
 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

Base Plate Thickness

•The plate is assumed to cantilever

beyond the column shaft with the
maximum moments occurring at sections
0.95d apart in one direction and 0.8bf
apart in the other.

• The cantilever lengths are, then

 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

Base Plate Thickness

•A solution to this problem is proposed by Thornton.

 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

Base Plate Thickness

•In addition, a yield line solution proposed by Thornton assumes the plate is
supported and completely fixed on three edges and unsupported on the fourth.

•From this, an equivalent cantilever length is derived given by AISC Manual

Part 14 as
 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

Base Plate Thickness

• The critical base plate cantilever dimension is then determined as

•Where the base plate cantilevers beyond the critical column area by the critical
distance, ℓ, the applied moment in the base plate at the edge of the critical
column area due to this uniform stress is
 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

Base Plate Thickness

• The bending strength of the plate about its weak axis is

• where the unit width of the plate, bp = 1 in.

•Equating the bending strength to the applied moment yields the required plate
thickness as
 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

Base Plate Thickness

 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

Example 01

A W14 × 109 column is seated on an 18 in square base plate that is supported on

a reinforced concrete footing as shown in Fig. The loading consists of an axial
dead load of PD = 100 kips, which includes the weight of the column, and an
axial live load of PL = 300kips. The concrete footing is 10ft square with an
effective depth to reinforcement of df =24in and a compressive strength of f’c =
3000 psi. Determine the adequacy of the footing concrete.
 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

Example 01

• The area of the base of the pyramid, with side slopes of 1:2, formed within the
footing by the base plate area is
 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

Example 01

• The nominal bearing strength of the concrete is given by AISC 360 Eq. (J8‐2) as
 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

Example 01
 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

Example 02

Determine the required minimum base plate thickness for the W14 ×109 column
of Example 01. The plate has a yield stress of Fy = 36 ksi

• The relevant properties of a W14 × 109 are

 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

Example 02

• The relevant design parameters are

 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

Example 02
 Steel structure
Column Base Plates

Example 02