Percentages

FUNCTIONAL SKILLS UNIT 3

Percentages
Identify and know the equivalence between fractions, decimals and
percentages.
Objectives L2 N09
Understand that percentage means ‘number of parts per 100’.
Work out the percentage of a shape that is shaded.
Shade a given percentage of a shape.
Understand the Term
Knowing that the "cent" part of the word "percent" means "100" can act as a starting point
for understanding. We can associate “cent” from the 100 years in a century with this term.
The “century” becomes the whole, and the “100 years” represents the parts of the whole.
In other words, the word “percent” means "per 100."
Per means “for each”; therefore percent means for each 100. 25% means 25 for each 100.
We use the symbol % to represent percent
What does it mean to score 100 % on a spelling test?"
"What does it mean to have 50 % of a chocolate bar?"
"If 4 % of 80 students are male, how many female students are there?
What is a percentage?
Percentages
The sign % stands for 'per cent' which means 'out of 100'.
40% means 40 out of 100
11% means 11 out of 100
A percentage is a value indicating a hundredth part of a quantity. One percent or
1% is a hundredth part ; one part of a hundred. Therefore 50% is 50 parts of a
hundred.
100 percent represents one pizza (the whole amount), then 200 percent specifies
twice the given quantity… two pizzas
 Task
Understanding Percentages
Exercise 1
In your exercise books create a mind-map or bulleted list detailing where
you would see percentages in everyday life.

sales
Percentages
When do we use percentages?
Percentages can be used in lots of different ways. Here are some examples.

But today and get Only 10% of our

25% off your next students are male
order
I only have 10%
25% charge on my
phone 85%
Off I scored 85% on
the Maths test
There is a 30%
chance of rain
today
Percentages Grid
There are 100 squares in this grid. 50% are Red,
28% are Blue and 22% are Green.
Rule for finding the percentage of shaded squares.
First, the shaded squares are counted and the number of squares
is found, in this case the 10x10 grid is 100

This number of shaded squares is out of100 squares in the 10 ×

10 grid. Therefore, by definition of a percentage, this number
itself is the percentage of shaded squares in the grid.

For example, if the number of shaded squares in a 10 × 10 grid is

say 18, then the percentage of shaded squares in the grid is 18%.
Percentage Grid
This grid is 8x8, 64 squares in total. What
percentage are coloured red, green and orange?
Simply count the red squares… which means 32
64 = 0.5 this gives the decimal equivalent. Now all
we have to do is change it back to a percentage by
multiplying by 100.
0.5 x 100 = 50%
What are the other values?
Over 100%

100% + 15% = 115%

 Task
Percentage Grid
Exercise 2
You have been given some grids. Please look at each
question carefully
Answer all questions on each sheet. You have 10 minutes.
You can work on your own or with a partner.
Any problems?
Percentages
Work out percentages of amounts and express one amount as a
percentage of another.
Objectives L2 N05
Calculate the percentage of a given quantity using non-calculator
and calculator methods.
Express one quantity as a percentage of another, such as £10 of
£100 is 10%.
Percentages
Calculate the percentage of a given quantity using non-calculator
and calculator methods.
When we can use a calculator it becomes reasonably straightforward to find percentages;
however, we still need to know which buttons to press and in what order.
If the question asks you to find 37.5% of 60, what is the process with a calculator?
Step one: Convert the percentage value to a decimal by dividing by 100 (37.5 ÷ 100 = 0.375)
Step two: Multiply your answer (0.375) by the starting value (60)
0.375 x 60 = 22.50
Percentages
If we look at the same equation again, but now, not using a calculator… looks
difficult?
At both level 1 and level 2, examiners like multiples of 5.
The question was to find 37.5% of 60
Step 1: find 10% of 60 (6) then multiple by 3 because we need
30%. (6 x 3 = 18)
Step 2: find 5% of 60 Note: 5% is half of 10% 5% = 3
Step 3: Find 2.5% of 60 Note 2.5% is half of 5% 2.5% = 1.5
Step 4: add together the 3 previous steps. 18 + 3 = 1.5 = 22.50
 Task
Percentages of Amounts
X 10% of 90 9 30% of 40 10% = 4
4 x 3 = 12
30% of 20 10% = 2
2x3=6

10% = 1 10% = 2 10% = 8

50% of 10 1x5=5
90% of 20 2 x 9 = 18
50% of 80 8 x 5 = 40

10% = 6 10% = 5 10% = 6

90% of 60 20% of 50 40% of 60 6 x 4 = 44
6 x 9 = 54 5 x 2 = 10
10% = 7 x 2 10% = 6 x 8 10% = 3
23% of 70 1% = 0.7 x 3 88% of 60 1% = 0.6 x 8 11% of 30 1% = 0.3
14 + 2.1 = 16.1 48 + 4.8 = 52.8 3 + 0.3 = 3.3
Percentages
Express one quantity as a percentage of another, such as £10 of
£100 is 10%.
There are many reasons we need to use percentages. For example, I use them to
grade your papers.
If Nathan scored 48 out of 60 how do we evaluate the answer as a percentage?

48
×100=80 %
60
 Task
Percentages
Please complete all questions in your exercise books.
1. What percentage is 32p of £4.00?
2. A new healthy snack bar called 'Fibre-crunch' is being sold in the shops. Each bar weighs 40g and contains of 2g
protein, 3g of fat and 35g of carbohydrate. What percentage of protein, fat and carbohydrate does 'Fibre-crunch'
contain?
3. 200 people were invited to attend the opening night of Romeo and Juliet at Stafford castle. 26 people did not show
up. What percentage of the invited audience attended?
4. A review of microwave meals found that 12 of the 250 interviewed had never tried one, 28 said that they
occasionally bought them and one fifth said they buy them regularly .
1. What percentage of people interviewed said they had not tried one?
2. What percentage of people interviewed only bought them occasionally?
3. What percentage of people interviewed bought them on a regular basis?
Percentages
Calculate percentage change (any size increase and decrease), and
original value after percentage change.
Objectives L2 N06
Increase and decrease a given percentage.
Calculate percentage increase, decreases, discounts and
premiums including tax, commission and simple budgeting.
Percentage
Percentages can seem very tricky; however, if you follow the
steps in the next few slides, it will become much simpler.
We will learn that percentages can go up as well as down. Price
decreases in sales can be confusing; for example what is the
difference between “buy One Get One Free” 60% off or a off in
a sale? Confusing?
We will learn how to compare fractions, decimals and
percentages to each other; how to calculate decreases and
increases and finally we will look at some exam style questions.
Percentages
Increase and decrease a given percentage.
As we previously said, percentage values can go up and down. Prices for goods change… the
current economic crisis has seen gas, electricity, petrol and food prices escalate like never before;
but percentages are not confined to money; for example, it could be the number of students that
pass exams compared to the year before, how many migrants cross the English channel in a year
or what t chance there is of rain falling.
There are many ways to calculate percentage change. For example, if the price of a loaf of bread
increases by 15% what would be the new price if the old price was £1.20?
 Percentages
Example:
Loaf of bread; old price £1.20 price increase 15%
Method one: Find 15% of £1.20.
1. Convert £1.20 to 120p and multiple by the decimal equivalent ( 15 ÷ 100) 120 x 0.15 = 18p
2. Add the original price and increase together. 120 + 18 = 138p
3. Convert back to pounds by dividing by 100 138 ÷ 100 = £1.38
Method 2: The original price of the loaf can be regarded as 100%. The price increase is an additional
15%.
4. Add both percentage values together and convert to a decimal. 100 + 15 = 115% 115 ÷ 100 = 1.15
5. Multiple original price by the decimal. 1.15 x 1.20 = £1.38
Price Changes Task

Complete Exercise 3 in your exercise book.

£15 £8 £10 Answer all questions in the space provided and

show all your workings out.
BUY 2 ITEMS AND
GET 10% OFF THE
TOTAL COST! Read the questions properly before answering…
BUY 3 ITEMS AND
GET 25% OFF THE there may be something you missed!
£250 TOTAL COST! £12

£14 £25 £16.00

Percentages
Calculate percentage change (any size increase and decrease), and
original value after percentage change.
Objectives L2 N06
Increase and decrease a given percentage.
Calculate percentage increase, decreases, discounts and
premiums including tax, commission and simple budgeting.
Percentages
Increase and decrease a given
percentage.
Percent decrease refers to the percentage
change in the value when it is either
increased or decreased. For example, a
decrease in the level of rainfall, a decrease
in the number of Covid patients, an increase
in the cost of petrol etc.
Over 100%
Percentage Increase
Percentage increase means adding a given percentage of a value onto the original value. To do this we
can either calculate the given percentage of the value and add (+) it to the original value or use a
percentage multiplier. In real life… percentage change can go up as well as down. Both VAT (?) and NI
(?) contributions have recently been increased.

e.g. Increase £50 by 10%

Add on percentage Multiplier

10% of £50 £50 (original price) = 100% + 10% (increase) = 110%
10 ÷ 100 = 0.1 110 ÷ 100 = 1.10
0.1 x £50 = £5 1.10 x £50 = £55
£50 + £5 = £55
Below 100%
Percentage Decrease
Percentage decrease means subtracting a given percentage of a value from the original value. To do
this we can either calculate the given percentage of the value and subtract (-) it from the original value or
use a percentage multiplier. In real life… percentage change can go up as well as down. Both VAT (?)
and NI (?) contributions have recently been increased.
e.g. Decrease £50 by 10%
Subtract percentage Multiplier
10% of £50 £50 (original price) = 100% - 10% (decrease) = 90%
10 ÷ 100 = 0.1 90 ÷ 100 = 0.9
0.1 x £50 = £5 0.9 x £50 = £45
£50 - £5 = £45
 Percentage
So far we have looked at percentage change with increase and
decrease.
Please complete all the following calculations in your exercise books.
You may use either method.

1) Increase £80 by 20% 2) Decrease £120 by 70% 3) Increase 60cm by 45%

4) Decrease 150cm by 65% 5) Increase 54kg by 30% 6) Decrease 420kg by 8%

7) Increase 380ml by 62% 8) Decrease 1570ml by 37% 9) Increase £482 by 17.5%

Percentage Change
The percentage change of a quantity, whether that is a change of price,
the increase in the likelihood of an event happening, is the percentage
difference between the two values.
Percentage change can increase or decrease the original quantity,
value or likelihood.

A rare painting has increased in value from £2,500

to £3,200… what is the percentage change in
value?
Percentages Change
The example shows how prices have fallen, but this could apply to
anything. A top on Pretty Little Things has been reduced to £20.21.
The original price was £24.50
There is a calculation that you will need to remember.

difference
X 100
original
24.50 – 20.21 X 100 = 17.5%
24.50
Percentage Change
Example, if a pair of Nike Air Force trainers has increased from £70
to £84… what would the percentage increase be.

difference
X 100
original
You may have noticed that the
calculation for percentage increase
is the same as for percentage
84 – 70 X 100 = 20%
decrease. 70
Percentage Change
Please note the original value must be regarded as 100%
The previous example gives us the answer of a 20% increase. We can
check our answer by adding the extra 20% to the original value of
100% 100 + 20 = 120
which means 120 100 = 1.20 (decimal)
If a pair of shoes increases in price by 20%, the new price will be
120% of the original price.
Old Price £70 Old Price + New Price New Price New Price
100% 20% 100 + 20 £70 x 1.2 £84.00
100
Percentage Change
You need to replace your broken Airpods and notice that Curry’s has a sale. The
Price has decreased from £169.00 to £129.00 but you want to know by what
percentage they have decreased.
First: work out the difference (decrease) between the two numbers you
are comparing.
Decrease = New Number - Original Number. 169 – 129 = 40
Then: divide the decrease by the original number and multiply the
answer by 100. 40 ÷ 169 = 0.237
0.237 x 100 = 23.7% decrease
% increase = Increase ÷ Original Number × 100.
Percentage Change Task

Complete all the calculations in your exercise books. Please show all working out.
1. The price of a family take-a-way has increased from £19.99 to £29.99, what is
the percentage increase?
2. Annual water bills have increased to £408 in 2022 from £367 in 2021, what is
the percentage increase?
3. The number of migrants entering the UK has fallen from 258k in 2020 to 240k
in 2021. What is the percentage decrease?
4. Bags of crisps has been reduced from 34g to 25g. What is the percentage
decrease in bag weight?
 Task

UK Minimum Wage % Increase

Rate from April Percentage Increase
Previous rate Increase
2022 (1 d.p)
National Living Wage £8.91 £9.50 6.6%
21-22 Year Old Rate £8.36 £9.18 9.8%
18-20 Year Old Rate £6.56 £6.83 4.1%
16-17 Year Old Rate £4.62 £4.81 4.1%
Apprentice Rate £4.30 £4.81 11.9%
Accommodation Offset £8.36 £8.70 4.1%
UK Tax Percentage
In the UK, if you earn up to £37,700 per year, you will pay 20% on
annual earnings above the PAYE (Pay As You Earn) tax threshold
which is set at £12,570.
For example, if you earn £15,000 (gross income)a year, you will pay
20% tax on the difference between the tax threshold and your gross
income. In this case, you will pay 20% of £2,430 in tax
15,000 – 12,570 = 2,430
We can calculate the tax in two ways. Find 20% and deduct it from
the original amount or find 80% of the original amount.
UK Tax Percentage
Example:
Find 20% of 2,430
Method 1 Method 2
10% = 243 + 10% = 243 20% = 20 ÷ 100 =
20% = 486 0.2 as a decimal
0.2 x 2430 = 486
UK Tax Percentage Task

Use the information on the previous slide to calculate the total annual
tax payable for the following
1. Annual income of £25,600
2. Annual income of £14,350
3. Hourly rate of £9.50, works 160 hours per month, full time.

Note: PAYE tax threshold is £12,570

Percentage Premiums
A premium is an amount added to the standard price. For example,
most goods sold in the UK already include a tax called VAT (Value
Added Tax). This is usually set at 20%
Some companies who can claim VAT back from the government will
view VAT as a premium. Some websites advertise ex-vat (excluding
VAT) prices to attract overseas customers.
When you order concert tickets on-line, you could be charged a 5%
booking fee… this is a premium.
Some restaurants include a tip on the bill… again a premium.
Percentage Premiums
A website you are looking at has decided to show prices that do not
include VAT. The price of the coat you want is £56.78 plus VAT.
How much do you pay in total?
Method one find 20% Method two find 120%
1. Turn 20% into a decimal by dividing by 1. 56.78 = 100% + 20% VAT = 120%
100. 20 ÷ 100 = 0.2 2. Turn into a decimal by deviding by 100. 120 ÷
2. 0.2 x 56.78 = 11.356 100 = 1.2
3. 1.2 x 56.78 = £68.14
3. 11.356 + 56.78 = £68.14
Percentage Premiums Task

Calculate the percentage premiums in your exercise books.

1) You have had a meal in a restaurant and received the bill for the food and
drinks for £42.75. There is also a 12.5% service charge that needs to be added
to the bill total. What is the overall charge?
2) You order two tickets to go and see Twenty One Pilots. The tickets are £207
each. There is a 5% booking fee and a 3% credit card surcharge. What is the
overall total?
3) Boohoo is offering of a 12.5% discount if you join their mailing site. You
order three t-shirts at £11.50, £13.25 and £9.75. What is the discount you will
receive and what will be the new total?
Simple Budgeting
There are some great reasons for focusing
on percentages when making your budget,
versus simply allocating a set amount to
each of your expenses.
When you think in terms of budget
percentages, you gain an all-inclusive view
of how your income is spent each month,
and that can make it easier to identify
spending areas that may need to be adjusted
in order to reach your goals.
 Task
Simple Budgeting
Let’s look at a simple budget… this is an important part of gaining independence
from your parents. In the next few years, many of you could be married and
living in your own property.
This huge change in circumstances brings huge responsibility. We have to start
paying bills.

Monthly
Budget
 Task
Simple Budgeting
Let’s assume you are earning £10 per hour and working 37 hours per week. That
gives you an annual income of £19,240 per annum. You will pay £2,216.00 tax
and national insurance, leaving £17,024 per year take-home pay. That is £1,419
per month.
Total Budget £1,419
For Percentage Amount (£) Balance (£)
Utilities 10% 142 1277.00
Rent 42% 595.98 681.02
Council Tax 8.46% 120.05 560.97
Savings 15% 212.85
348.12
Percentages
Calculate amounts of money, compound interest, percentage increase,
decreases and discounts including tax and simple budgeting.
Objectives L2 M13
Use compound interest to find the final value when given an initial
investment over a period with a percentage interest rate.
Calculate simple interest in multiples of 5% on amounts of money.
Objectives L1 M18 M19
Increase and decrease a given percentage for multiples of 5%.
Key Words relating to Interest
Interest Money paid regularly at a particular rate. This could be money which is
in a bank account or money that has been borrowed, like a loan.
Convert change from one thing to another
Round To ‘round’ a number is to change the number to one that is less exact but
easier to use for calculations
Currency Another word for money
Profit The money earned or made when something is sold and any other costs
Discount To pay less for something; to get money off the price of an item
Exchange To swap for something else. In terms of money, this usually means
swap your British pounds for money from another country or the other way round.
Principle This is the original amount borrowed or invested
Simple Interest
Increase and decrease a given percentage for multiples of 5%.
What Is Simple Interest?
Simple interest is a quick and easy method of calculating the interest charge on a
loan. Simple interest is determined by multiplying the daily/monthly or annual
interest rate by the principal (this is the amount of money you borrowed)by the
number of days /months, years that elapse between payments.
This type of interest usually applies to bank loans or short-term loans, although
some mortgages use this calculation method.
Simple interest benefits consumers who pay their loans on time or early each month.
Car loans and short-term personal loans are usually simple interest loans.
Simple Interest
Calculation: I = P(
I= Interest, P = Principle, t = time in years

Sophie loans £500 from a bank for 1 year with a simple

interest rate of 3%

I = x 1 Interest (I) = £15

Therefore total amount payable is £515 Interest is the cost of borrowing
money. Typically written as a
If Sophie took the loan out over 3 years: percentage, it amounts to a fee or
I = x 3 Interest = £45 extra charge the borrower pays the
Total payable would be £545. lender for the amount lent.
 Simple Interest
Without a calculator
At level 1 you will be typically asked to calculate simple interest at 5%. But what if this appears on a non-
calculator exam paper?
If Stephanie invests £500 over one year with a simple interest of 5%, how much will she have in the bank
after that period?
We have all worked previously multiplying and dividing by 10… we simply move the decimal point one
place to the left or to the right. Looking at the question above:
What is 10% of 500? (imagine the figure with a decimal place) 500.00 _______________
Now we have 10%... How do we calculate 5% ______________________
Now we simple add the 5% to the original figure of £500 __________________
 Task
Simple Interest
Examples:
Alex borrowed £400 for 2 years at 5% per year simple interest.
£40
I = x 2 Interest (I) =
Mollie Invested £700 for 3 years at 2% per annum simple interest.
£42
I = x 3 Interest (I) =
Jade borrowed £2700 over 2 years at a simple interest rate of 5%
£270 Complete Exercise 4 in
I = x 2 Interest (I) =
your exercise books
Compound Interest
Use compound interest to find the final value when given an initial investment over a
period with a percentage interest rate
What is compound interest?
Compound interest is calculated on the principal (original) amount and the interest already
accumulated on previous periods. For example, take the amount of money in a savings account.
If you put £100 in an account with an annual interest rate of 10%, the value of the money in the
account will increase by 10% in year one.

The new amount of money in the account will be £110 or 110% of the original. In year two the
value of the money in the account will increase by 10% again.

The new amount would be £121 or 121% of the original. This is because we have increased £110
by 10%.
Compound Interest
Compound interest formula
Using the formula:
A = Total amount, P = Principle (total amount invested or borrowed) r = percentage rate and t = time in
years/number of changes
Let’s calculate a 3% (r) increase on an amount of £500 (P) using compound interest over 4 (t)years.
When calculating 3% Divide the amount by 100 to give the decimal. This can also be written as:

∴ A = P x 1.03t

A = 500 x (1.03 x 1.03 x 1.03 x 1.03) = £562.75

Compound Interest
After t years, the principal amount P is multiplied by the percentage change
for t times. This is why the power is expressed as t.
So for this example, multiplying P by 1.034 would calculate an increase of
3% compound interest for 4 years.

Year 1 P x 1.03 P x 1.031

Year 2 P x 1.03 x 1.03 P x 1.032
Year 3 P x 1.03 x 1.03 x 1.03 P x 1.033
Year 4 P x 1.03 x 1.03 x 1.03 x 1.03 P x 1.034
Compound Interest
Example:
You want to borrow £2,000 over 4 years to buy a second-hand car. The interest offered by the
bank is 4%.

1. How much will you pay back in total?

2. How much interest would you pay?

The £2,000 is 100% of the money you want to borrow, now add the 4% and turn into a decimal.
(100+4)/100=1.04
Year 1: 2000 x 1.04 = 2080
Year 2: 2080 x 1.04 = 2163.20
Year 3: 2163.20 x 1.04 = 2249.73
Year 4: 2249.73 x 1.04 = 2339.72
1.04 x 1.04 x 1.04 x 1.04 x 2000 = 2339.72 1.044x 2000 = 2339.72
Compound Interest
Nathan invests £3000 in the bank for two years. It earns compound interest of 10%
per year.
Calculate the total amount of money that Nathan has in the bank after two years.
Amount Invested Interest Rate (as a Year Number Interest after year
decimal + 1) end
£3000 1.10 1 3000 x 1.10 = 3300
£3300 1.10 2 33.00 x 1.10 = 3630

We could have calculated quite easily without a calculator. 10% of 3000 = 300
3000 + 300 = 3300
10% of 3300 = 330 3300 + 330 = 3600
Compound Interest
Emily invests £8000 in the bank for 4 years. It earns compound interest of 3% per year.
Calculate the total amount of money that Emily has in the bank after 4 years.
Principle x Interest rate as a decimal + 1 x time
8000 x 1.03 x 1.03 x 1.03 x 1.03 = £9004.07
We can do this much simpler on a calculator. Type 1.03 and press Yx then type 4 and then equals.

y x
Compound Interest
Example: Stephanie’s full water tank at her home has This is a very
different question as
sprung a leak. It will lose 5% of its water every hour. it is not based on
What percentage of the water will be left after 3 hours? money and the
amount is
Initial amount x percentage x time We have to look t the decreasing. We also
percentage rate differently too. The question states it is don’t know the initial
losing 5% per hour. 100 – 5 = 95% amount, but we
know the water tank
95% ÷ 100 = 0.95 was full, so it
contained 100%
100% x 0.953 = 85.7375% of water left in the water
tank after 3 hours
Compound Interest
Looking at the previous question; how would we calculate if it said what
percentage of the water had leaked from the water tank?
It is simply the original 100% - 85.7375 = 14.2625%
Now let’s suppose the water tank had a full capacity of 75litres. How much
water would be lost?
Initial amount x percentage x time We have to look at the percentage rate
differently too. The question states it is losing 5% per hour. 100 – 5 = 95%
95% ÷ 100 = 0.95
75 litres x 0.953 = 64.3031 litres of water left in the water tank after 3 hours
 Task
Compound Interest
Exercise 5
Complete all the questions on the task sheet
Please work on your own… you can use a calculator. Try using the
‘Power of’ button on the calculator.
Try and complete all ten questions in 20 minutes
Reverse Percentage
Calculate percentage change (any size increase and decrease), and
original value after percentage change.
Objectives L2 N06
Work out reverse percentage problems, such as what was the
original cost if the sale price is £50 after a reduction of 10%.
Reverse Percentage
What is reverse percentage?
Reverse percentages (or inverse percentages) means working backwards to find an original
amount, given a percentage of that amount. We can do this using a calculator by taking the
percentage we have been given, dividing to find 1% and then multiplying by 100 to find 100% .
This looks very complicated, but it really isn’t…
When we are calculating reverse percentages we are generally trying to find the value at 100%.
Questions will relate to new prices being either higher or lower than the original price.

The Odeon Luxe Cinema in Stafford has

increased the price of a standard ticket to £14.25.
This is a price rise of 9%. What was the original
price of the ticket?
Date
10/09/2022
Screen 7
Seat 15/1 Date 10/09/2022 Screen 7 Seat 15/1
Reverse Percentage
The Odeon Luxe Cinema in Stafford has increased the price of a standard ticket to £14.25. This
is a price rise of 9%. What was the original price of the ticket?

Note: Original value is always 100% Old Price Increase

100% + 9%
109% New Price
£14.25 = 109%
109 ÷ 109
0.1307 = 1
100 x 100
£13.07 = 100%
Reverse Percentage
The price of a house has increased by 15% and now costs £207,000. What was the original price
of the house?
Old Price Increase
100% + 15%
115%
New Price
£207,000 = 115%
115 ÷ 115
1800 = 1
100 x 100
£180,000 = 100%
We can look at this problem in a more traditional maths way too.
Reverse Percentage
Let’s look at the same question again. The price of a house has increased by 15% and now costs
£207,000. What was the original price of the house?
The house price has increased by 15%, therefore it is 115% of its original value. Convert 115% to
a decimal by dividing by 100 and then divide the original price by the decimal…

207,000 = £180,000
(115 ÷ 100)
Whichever way you prefer, is fine. More examples follow.
Reverse Percentage
A pair of sunglasses is reduced by 20% and is sold for £72.00. What was the original price?

100% - 20%
80%
The sunglasses have decreased in price
£72 = 80% by 20%. 100 – 20 = 80%
80 ÷ 80
0.9 = 1 72 = £90
100 x 100 0.8
£90 = 100%
Reverse Percentage
An annual train ticket between Tamworth and Stafford rises in value by 15%. The Increase is
£36.00. What was the cost of the train ticket before and after the increase

100% + 15
%
115%
£36 = 15% This question is very 36
different because we = £240
15 ÷ 15 0.15
know the value of the
2.4 = 1 15 % increase;
100 x 100 however, we can still
£240 = 100% use the table.
 Task
Reverse Percentage
Exercise 6
Complete all the questions from the task sheet in your exercise
books.
You must show all your working out, regardless of which method you
use.
Please work on your own… you can use a calculator.
Percentages, Fractions & Decimals
Identify and know the equivalence between fractions, decimals
and percentages.
Objectives L2 N04
Change a percentage to a fraction or decimal and vice versa.
Convert fractions to decimals and vice versa.
 Percentages to Decimals
How do we convert a percentage to a decimal?
To convert a percentage to a decimal, simply divide by 100. Move the
decimal point 2 places to the left.
For example; 75% is exactly the same as 75.0% but now we have a
decimal point.
7 5 . 0 % ÷ 100 = 0.75
Decimal point moves here

Note: 75% is exactly the same as

Percentage, Decimal and Fractions Task

Exercise 7: Complete all the missing units

Fraction Calculation Decimal Calculation Percentage

3 0.75 0.75 x 100 75%

3 8 x 100 37.5%

22 80

12.5%

0.3125
Find the Percentage
What percentage of these blocks are red?
A fairly straight forward question… or is it?

There are 10 coloured blocks, 4 are red. We can use

these numbers as a fraction and work our way to a
percentage from there.

As a fraction it is? 4
10
As a decimals it is?
0.4
As a percentage it is?
40 %
Percentage, Decimal and Fractions
A Half can be written
Which means 1 which gives the answer as a decimal. 0.5
To change that decimal to a percentage we simply multiply by 100
0.5 x 100 = 50%

A little more difficult. This pizza has been cut into 20 equal slices. 11 of the slices
have already been eaten. We write this as a fraction:
Which means 11 which gives the answer as a decimal. 0.55
To change that decimal to a percentage we simply multiply by 100
0.55 x 100 = 55%
If you were asked what percentage remained you have two choices. 9 20 = 0.45
0.45 x 100 = 45% or we could use the first value because we know that a whole
pizza is 100% and calculate 100 – 55 = 45%
Percentages to Fractions
Converting percentages to Fractions is very straightforward because we can
write any percentage out of 100. For example 45% is
Convert 80% to a decimal (= 80 100): = 0.8
Write down the decimal "over" the number 1
Multiply top and bottom by 10 for every number after the decimal point (10
for 1 number,100 for 2 numbers, etc)

This makes a correctly formed fraction: Than, if we can, simplify the fraction.
Percentages to Fractions
If you are tasked to convert 37.5% to a fraction we follow the steps on the previous slide.
= 37.5 =
= = We now need to simplify this. From previous lessons, we used the LCM…
The LCM is 125, but that is far too complicated. Let’s try 5
375 5 = 75; 1000 5 – 200 = ; we can use 5 again 75 5 = 15; 200 5 = 40
… not there quite yet. Try 5 again. 15 5 = 3; 40 5 = 8 =
When the percentage is above 100, we need to convert to a mixed fraction.
Percentages
Identify and know the equivalence between fractions, decimals
and percentages.
Objectives L2 N04
Compare fractions, decimals and percentages
Compare Fractions, Decimals &
Percentages
Identify and know the equivalence between fractions, decimals and percentages.
We have seen on the previous slides how to convert between percentages,
decimals and fraction; now we need to know how to compare their sizes; for
example,
Order the following numbers in order size from smallest to largest.

0.26 23% 0.245 24%

1÷4 x 100 0.26 x 100 = 0.245 x 100 = 2÷7 x100 24%

23%
= 25% 26% 24.5% 28.57%
 Percentage Tricks
ber, To fin
a n um d10% o
0 % of
To fin d 5
by 2 divid f a numbe
divide = 20 10% o e by 10 r,
50% of
40 There are some f 500
= 50
To fin d 25 % o f a number, quicker methods
If the percen
divide by 4
25% of 40 = 100 r,
to help to find multiple of 1
tage is a
0, use the
mbe above meth
f a n u
75% o n multiply
different od to help y
20% of 500 ou.
To fin d
a nd the percentages of = 100
% 30% of 500
find 25 by 3 = 150
40% of 500
75% o f 40 = 30 amounts = 200

To find 1% of a number, co m bin e any of

You ca n
divide by 100 h o ds to find more
these met umbers
1% of 40 = 0.4 aw k w a rd n
Percentage Extension Work
Exam style questions.
Please complete the extension activity in your exercise books and
show all your working out.