Scribd
Upload
19 views72 pages

Pituitary Hormones

Uploaded by

7s49sv4rmz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views72 pages

Pituitary Hormones

Uploaded by

7s49sv4rmz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 72

HYPOTHALAMIC AND

PITUITARY
HORMONESS
DR. FASIHA FATIMA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
HYPOTHALAMUS
CHEMICAL NATURE OF
HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES
THYROTROPIN RELEASING
HORMONE
CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING
HORMONE
• Peptide hormone
• CRH consists of a single
chain of 41 amino acids
• Final common element
that directs the body’s
response to many forms
of stress
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING
HORMONE (GnRH)
GONADOTROPIN RELEASING
HORMONE
PROLACTIN RELEASING &
INHIBITORY HORMONE
HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONE EFFECTS ON THE ANTERIOR
PITUITARY
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) Stimulates release of TSH (thyrotropin)
and Prolactin
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Stimulates release of ACTH
(corticotropin)
Gonadrotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Stimulates release of FSH and LH
(gonadotropins)
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) Stimulates release of growth hormone

Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) Inhibits release of growth hormone

Prolactin-releasing hormone (PIH) Stimulates release of prolactin

Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH) Inhibits release of prolactin


PITUITARY GLAND
ADENOHYPOPHYSIS
NEUROHYPOPHYSIS
ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
HORMONES
GROWTH HORMONE
• Single polypeptide chain with 191
amino acids
• Synthesized by acidophils (somatotropic
cells) of anterior pituitary
• Plasma concentration of GH is less than
2 ng/ml during day time, with secretory
peak appearing 3 hr after meals
• Maximum level of GH is seen during
deep sleep.
GROWTH HORMONE
GROWTH HORMONE INDIRECT
EFFECTS
• Somatomedin, also known as insulin-like growth
factor- 1 (IGF-1).
• GH increases the uptake of amino acids enhances
protein synthesis, and produces positive nitrogen
balance
• The anti-insulin effect of GH causes lipolysis and
hyperglycemia
• The overall effect of to stimulate growth of soft
tissues, cartilage and bone. It is anabolic hormone
GROWTH HORMONE DIRECT
EFFECTS
GROWTH HORMONE EXCESS
GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY
THYROID STIMULATING
HORMONE (TSH)
• Glycoprotein in nature
• Acts through cyclic AMP
THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE
(TSH) ABNORMALITIES
ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC
HORMONE (ACTH)
ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC
HORMONE EFFECTS
ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC
HORMONE ABNORMALITIES
GONADOTROPINS
• Gonadotropins (or glycoprotein
hormones) secreted by
gonadotrope cells of the pituitary
gland
• They are called gonadotropins
because they stimulate the
gonads
• They regulates normal growth,
sexual development and
reproductive function
GONADOTROPINS

Follicle stimulating
hormone (FSH)

Luteinizing hormone (LH)


GONADOTROPINS

• Gonadotropins are glycoprotein


in nature
• The alpha subunitsof LH, FSH,
TSH, and hCG are identical, and
contain 92 amino acids
• FSH has a beta subunit of 118
amino acids (FSH β) and LH has
120 AA.
EFFECTS OF FSH IN FEMALE
• FSH stimulates the growth and
recruitment of immature
ovarian follicles in the ovary
• Stimulation of theca cells of
graffian follicle and causes
secretion of estrogen
• Promotes aromatase activity in
graffian cells resulting in the
conversion of androgens into
estrogen.
EFFECTS OF FSH IN MALES

• FSH enhances the


production of androgen-
binding protein by the
Sertoli cells
• Critical for the initiation of
spermatogenesis
USES OF FSH MEASUREMENTS

LOW SPERM MENSTRUAL PITUITARY DELAYED AND


INFERTILITY EARLY
COUT IRREGULARITIES DISORDERS
PUBERTY
LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)

Receptors found predominately found in ovaries and


testis but also found in extragondal tissue
EFFECTS IN FEMALES
• LH Surge causes ovulation
• Development of corpus luteum
• Stimulates progesterone
secretion
EFFECTS IN MALES
THERAPEUTIC USES OF LH
PROLACTIN
POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
HORMONES
• Also called vasopressin or arginine
vasopressin.
• Chemistry:
It is polypeptide, containing 9
amino acids.
• ADH differ from oxytocin with
respect to 3rd and 8th amino
acid residues.
ACTIONS OF ADH
ANTI-DIURETIC ACTION VASOPRESSOR ACTION

Prevent diuresis. It increases blood pressure by


It acts on distal convoluted tubules of constricting the blood vessels
the kidneys. particularly the arteries, in all parts of
the body.
Decreases urine production by causing But the amount of ADH required to
the kidneys to return more water to cause vasopressor effect is greater than
the blood. the amount required to cause the anti-
diuretic effect
Also decreases water lost through
sweating and constriction of arterioles
ABNORMALITIES OF ADH
OXYTOCIN

• The term oxytocin means “to stimulate birth”.


• It is synthesized in para ventricular nuclei of
hypothalamus.
• Chemistry: Poly peptide of 9 amino acids.
• It act by activating G protein- coupled receptors
OXYTOCIN EFFECTS

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy