Digital Subscriber Line DSL

DSL technology provides high-speed,

broadband network connections to homes
and small businesses.
DSL utilizes the same cabling used for
normal telephones, but it can offer higher
data rates through use of the digital
modem technology.
DSL
DSL modems comprise the heart of this
technology and the lines themselves are
actually just plain telephone lines.
t's possible for DSL subscribers to share
the same line for their digital and analog
traffic play web + receive a call.
DSL Technology
Speed
DSL offers more than 100 times the
network performance of a traditional
analog modem.
the precise speed of a connection
depends on the variety of xDSL
deployed.
DSL is a distance-sensitive technology.
DSL Technology
DSL works on the unused (high)
frequencies of the telephone line.
DSL modems contain an internal
signal splitter that carries voice
signals on the usual low
frequencies (from 0 up to 4kHz) and
data signals above that.
This splitter, consequently, allows
simultaneous access to the line by
the telephone and the computer.
DSL Technology
Access
DSL service remains "on" all of the time.
People should be aware that long-lived
connections like DSL can have security
issues firewall.
DSL Technology
Availability
The technology used to implement DSL only
works over a limited physical distance. At the
maximum, DSL runs about 18,000 feet (3.5
miles or 5.5 kilometers) from a telephone
exchange.
DSL Technology
Availability (cont.)
To be eligible for DSL service, the
phone line involved must be
"qualified."
the home or business must lie within
the distance limitations of DSL
(18,000 feet).
This phone line must also possess
sufficient electrical quality
characteristics.
DSL availability of bandwidth
The actual network bandwidth a
customer will receive from DSL in
the home depends on the span of
their telephone wiring.
The longer the line, the less
bandwidth DSL can support.
Likewise, its thickness (wire gauge)
can affect performance.
DSL availability of bandwidth
CabIe Iength
(feet)
Bandwidth avaiIabiIity
(kbps)
18,000 1,544
16,000 2,048
12,000 6,312
9,000 8,448
xDSL family tree
The xDSL "family tree" includes two main
branches
Symmetric DSL services provide identical
data rates upstream and downstream.
Asymmetric DSL provides relatively lower
rates upstream but higher rates downstream.
xDSL family tree
ADSL, G.Lite and RADSL
HDSL, SDSL, and SHDSL
VDSL (VADSL, BDSL)
DSL
ADSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
was designed to provide higher
downstream data rates at the expense of
upstream rates.
ADSL is technically capable of up to 6
Mbps (roughly 6000 Kbps), but the
service customers actually receive
generally performs at 2 Mbps or lower
for downloads and 512 Kbps for uploads.
ADSL
Example:
Many typical uses of the Web -- such as file
downloads and general web browsing --
benefit from greater downstream bandwidth
but require relatively little in the opposite
direction.
G.Lite
&niversal ADSL (also known as G.Lite) is
a form of ADSL that improves on one of
the weaknesses of regular ADSL --
installation.
ADSL & G.Lite
Regular ADSL generally requires a
technician visit to the client site to install
the splitter device that divides the
frequency spectrum for voice and data.
G.Lite does not require that this splitter be
installed, but it does so at the expense of
lower data rates.
ADSL & G.Lite
G.Lite supports a maximum of 1,544 kbps
(384 kbps upstream)
Whereas regular ("full-rate") ADSL can
support more than 8,000 kbps.
RADSL
#ate-Adaptive DSL (RADSL), is an
implementation of ADSL that automatically
configures the modem at startup to adjust
its rate according to the quality of the
phone line.
Like G.Lite, RADSL supports a much
lower maximum date rate (1,088 kbps)
than regular ADSL.
HDSL
High Bit / Data-Rate DSL (HDSL) offers
the same bandwidth both upstream and
downstream.
HDSL requires two phone lines to deliver
the basic data rate (1,544 kbps),
t can deliver a maximum rate of 2,048
kbps using three lines.
SDSL
Symmetric DSL(SDSL) improves on the
older HDSL technology by implementing
the same basic data rate (1,544 kbps)
while requiring only a single phone line.
SDSL supports data rates up to 3,088
Kbps.
SHDSL
Symmetric High-Bit-Rate DSL
(SHDSL) attempts to improve on
both HDSL and SDSL by only
requiring a single line and by
integrating low-level services of
interest to small businesses.
SHDSL technology can transport
data symmetrically at data rates
from 192 Kbps to 2,320 Kbps.
VDSL (BDSL)
Very High Data-Rate DSL (VDSL)
originally named VADSL ('A' for
asymmetric) but later was extended to
support both symmetric and asymmetric
varieties of DSL.
VDSL relies on fiber optic cabling.
VDSL
VDSL needs shorter cable lengths than
most other forms of DSL (maximum 4,500
feet as compared to 18,000 feet for regular
ADSL), but it also achieves the highest
data rate (roughly 51,840 kbps).
VDSL
The bandwidth levels supported by VDSL
are needed to support certain high-end
applications such as High-Definition
Television (HDTV) that requires, for
example, up to 20,000 kbps.
VDSL
The performance of VDSL depends
significantly on the physical distance
traversed by wiring: Shorter distances
mean faster networking.
DSL
SDN DSL (DSL) implements a hybrid
DSL/SDN solution.
DSL offers only limited data rates (128
kbps, although multiple circuits may be
bonded).
DSL & Cable Modem
Speed
Cable modem generally wins the
speed battle over DSL.
Cable technology can, in theory,
achieve networking speeds of
approximately 30 Mbps (using a 100
Mbps NC)
Most forms of DSL cannot reach 10
Mbps.
DSL & Cable Modem
Speed (cont.)
cable modem technology delivers shared
bandwidth within the local neighborhood
DSL delivers dedicated local bandwidth.
DSL & Cable Modem
Security
At Northwestern University, Kellogg
nformation Systems
"1 ease o1 installation is important to
you, KS suggests a cable modem over
DSL. The slightly more secure
environment o11ered by DSL is not
enough to justi1y the added cost and
installation hassle."
DSL & Cable Modem
Security (cont.)
Many DSL and cable modem customers
choose to purchase routers to protect their
internal systems.