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    Lecuture - 1 Introduction

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    Lecuture - 1 Introduction

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    Lecuture -1 Introduction

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    12 views14 pages

    Lecuture - 1 Introduction

    Uploaded by

    aksam.safoan.008

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    Human Physiology: Introduction

    Human Physiology (BCH201)


    STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN BODY
    Learning Objectives

    • By the end of this section, you will be able to:


    • Describe the structure of the human body in terms of six levels of organization.
    • List the eleven organ systems of the human body and identify at least one organ and one major
    function of each.
    .
     Definition of Human physiology
     Physiology is the scientific discipline that seeks to understand the
    function of living organisms and their constituent parts.
     Levels of Organisation
     Chemical Level
     Everything on this planet, living or not, is composed of the same
    basic building blocks called atoms.
     Organelle Level
     Biological macromolecules form is a class of structures called
    organelles such as ribosomes.
     In addition to that membrane bound structures within the cells such
    as mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi bodies are also called organelles.

    https://open.lib.umn.edu/humanbiology/chapter/1-1-structural-organization-of-the-human-body/
    https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/1-2-structural-organization-of-the-human-body
    -2
     Cellular Level
     The cell is the smallest unit that possesses and exhibits the
    basic characteristics of living matter. The cell is also the most
    numerous of units, with estimates being in excess of 100
    trillion cells in the average adult human. To put that in
    perspective: if 1000 cells are counted every second, it would
    take you nearly 3171 years to count 100 trillion.

     Tissue Level
     A cell grouping that has differentiated slightly (both in
    purpose and in morphology [structure]) from the surrounding
    region is known as a tissue.
     Organ Level
     A structure made up of several different kinds of tissues so arranged that,
    together, they can perform a special function."
     A system involves the interaction of multiple and diverse organs that perform
    complex functions for the body.
     The eleven major systems of the body (integumentary, skeletal, muscular,
    nervous, endocrine, circulatory, lymphatic/immune, respiratory, digestive,
    urinary and reproductive) will form the basis for our investigation.
     Homeostasis
     Homeostasis is the relative constancy of the normal body's internal
    environment
     Control Mechanisms
     Every living system operates within a narrow range of values, outside of
    which death will occur.
    Video: How human body works
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zFxDhRobC0g
    Organism

     The organism level is the highest level of organization. An


    organism is a living being that has a cellular structure and that
    can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary
    for life. In multicellular organisms, including humans, all cells,
    tissues, organs, and organ systems of the body work together to
    maintain the life and health of the organism.
     CHAPTER REVIEW

     Life processes of the human body are maintained at several levels of structural
    organization. These include the chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system,
    and the organism level. Higher levels of organization are built from lower levels.
    Therefore, molecules combine to form cells, cells combine to form tissues,
    tissues combine to form organs, organs combine to form organ systems, and
    organ systems combine to form organisms.
    MCQ
     Review Questions
     1. The smallest independently functioning unit of an organism is a(n) ________.
     cell
     molecule
     organ
     tissue
     2. A collection of similar tissues that performs a specific function is an ________.
     organ
     organelle
     organism
     organ system
     3. The body system responsible for structural support and movement is the ________.
     cardiovascular system
     endocrine system
     muscular system
     skeletal system

    Answer

     1. Cell
     2. Organ
     3. Skeletal system
    .

    Thank you

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