GENERAL

MATHEMATICS

NAT REVIEWER
DIRECTIONS: Read each statement carefully and
write the letter of the correct answer.

1. What do you call a relation where each element in

the domain is related to only one value in the range
by some rules?

a.Function
b.Domain
c.Independent
d.Range
Functions
A function is a relation in which each element of the
domain corresponds to exactly one element of the range.

Examples of Functions
1. {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 8)}
2. {(2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5,1)}
Relation
A relation is a set of ordered pairs. The domain of a
relation is the set of first coordinates. The range is the set
of second coordinates.

Example of Relations
1. {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 8)}
2. {(4, 2), (4, -2), (9, 3), (9,3)}
3. {(1, a), (1, b), (1, c), (1,d)}
DOMAIN
 The domain is the set of all possible x-values which will make the function
"work", and will output real y-values.
 In general, we determine the domain of each function by looking for those values
of the independent variable (usually x) which we are allowed to use.
When finding the domain:
1. The denominator (bottom) of a fraction cannot be zero
2. The number under a square root sign must be positive in this section.
Example: y=​:

The domain of this function is x≥−4, since x cannot be

less than −4
 RANGE
 The range is the resulting y-values we get after substituting all the possible x-
values.
When finding the range:
1. The range of a function is the spread of possible y-values (minimum y-value to
maximum y-value)
2. Substitute different x-values into the expression for y to see what is happening.
( yourself: Is y always positive? Always negative? Or maybe not equal to certain
values?)
3. Make sure you look for minimum and maximum values of y.
4. Draw a sketch.
Example: : y=​:

We notice the curve is either on or above the horizontal axis. No matter what value of x we
try, we will always get a zero or positive value of y. We say the range in this case is y ≥ 0
2. Which of the following relations is not
function/s?
A.x = {(1,2), (3,4), (2,7), (5,1)}
B. g = {(3,2), (2,1), (8,2), (5,7)}
C. h = {(4,1), (2,3), (2, 6), (7, 2)}
D. y = {(2,9), (3,4), (9,2), (6,7)}
3. In a relation, what do you call the set of x
values or the input?
A.Piecewise
B.Range
C.Domain
D.Dependent
4. Which of the following tables represent a
function?
A x 0 1 1 0
y 4 5 6 6

B x -1 -1 3 0
y 0 -3 0 3

C x 1 2 1 -2
y -1 -2 -2 -1

D x 0 -1 3 2
y 3 4 5 6
Here are the ways to describe the
function:
• Mapping Diagram • Graph

• Table of values • Rule of correspondence

{(1,2),(2,5),(3,10),(4,17)}
f:x →x2 + 1, x = 1,2,3,4
• Equation
y = x2 + 1
5. Which of the following real-life relationships
represent a function?
A. The rule which assigns to each person the name of his
aunt.
B. The rule which assigns to each person the name of his
father.
C. The rule which assigns to each cellular phone unit to its
phone number.
D. The rule which assigns to each person a name of his
pet.
6. Which of the following shows a logarithmic
function?

A. f(x) = 8x +83

B. f(x) = log9 81
C. f(x)
D. f(x) = ||x-1|| - 8
 Logarithmic functions are the inverses of exponential
functions. The inverse of the exponential function y = bx is x = by. The
logarithmic function y = logbx is defined to be equivalent to the
exponential equation
y = logbx

only under the following conditions: x = by, b > 0, and b≠1. It is called
the logarithmic function with base a.

(This is read as “ y equals the log of x, base b” or “ y equals the log,

base b, of x.”)

The common logarithm is the logarithm to base 10.

 An exponential equation is one in which a variable
occurs in the exponent.
An exponential equation in which each side can be
expressed in terms of the same base can be solved
using the property:

If c  c , then x  y , for c  1,0,1.

x y
 You have evaluated functions in which the
variable is the base and the exponent is any real
number. For example , y = has x as the base and 3 as
the power. Such function is known as power
function. Functions of the form y = , in which the
base a is a positive real number other than 1, and
the exponent is variable are known as exponential
functions.
7. Which of the following is a graph of a function? A
Here are the ways to describe the function:
• Mapping Diagram • Graph

• Table of values • Rule of correspondence

{(1,2),(2,5),(3,10),(4,17)}
f:x →x2 + 1, x = 1,2,3,4
• Equation
y = x2 + 1
 VERTICAL LINE TEST
• Not every graph in the x-y plane
represents function. The vertical
line test is the simplest way of
determining whether or not
graph represents a function.
• If a vertical line intersects the
graph in all places at exactly one
point, then the relation is
a function.
•Example: Graph of the line f(x)=x+1
 If a vertical line intersects
the graph in some places
at more than one point,
then the relation is NOT a
function.
Example: Graph of the
circle x2+y2=9
8. Which of the following is not true about function?

A. Function is composed of two quantities

where one depends on the other.
B. One-to-one correspondence is a function.
C. Many-to-one correspondence is a
function.
D. One-to-many correspondence is a function
Functions
A function is a relation in which each element of the
domain corresponds to exactly one element of the range.

Examples of Functions
1. {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 8)}
2. {(2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5,1)}
9. Find the function value given h(x) = 17 +
8x,if x = 4d.
A. 17 − 32d
B. 17 − 32d 2

C. 17 + 32d
D. 17 + 32d 2
 The common notation of a function is usually written as,

Remember that:
1. f(x) means “the value of f at x”. It does not mean “f times x”
2. Letters other than f such as G and H or g and h can also be used.
3. F is the name of the function and f(x) is the value of the function at
x.
 To evaluate a function is to:
Replace (substitute) its variable with a given number or
expression.
10. Find the function value given h(x) = 7x -
11,if x = 8m+3
A. 56m+10
B. 56m-10
C. 56m2+10
D. 56m2-10
11. Which of the following is the value of the
function f(x) = |3x -15x+5|+3 given x=3?
2

GEMDAS
A. 5
B. 16
C. 19
D. 10
12. Evaluate: h(x) = 5x2-8x+12 given x = 5.
GEMDAS
A.22
B.145
C.97
D.-3
13. Find the value of the function h(x) =

A.
B.4
C.
D.4
14. Given, h(x) determine h(5).

A.-15
B.
C.15
15. Given g(x) = , determine g(2)

A.
B. -
C.
D.-
16. The statement "𝑝(𝑥)−𝑞(𝑥) is the same as 𝑞(𝑥)−𝑝(𝑥)", 𝑝(𝑥)≠𝑞(𝑥)
is _____.

A.always true
B.never true
C.sometimes true
D.invalid
 If f(x) and g(x) are two functions, then for
all x in the domain of both functions the sum,
difference, product and quotient are defined as
follows:
OPERATION ON FUNCTIONS
Addition: (f + g)(x) = f(x)+g(x)
Subtraction: (f − g)(x) = f(x) − g(x)
Multiplication:(fg)(x) = f(x) × g(x)
Division: ()(x) =, g(x) ≠ 0
17. Given ℎ(𝑥)= 2𝑥2 − 7𝑥 and 𝑟(𝑥)= 𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 1, find (ℎ + 𝑟)(𝑥).

A.2𝑥2 – 1
B. 3𝑥 + 6𝑥 – 1
2

C. 3𝑥4 − 6𝑥2 – 1
D.3𝑥 −6𝑥 – 1
2
18. Given: 𝑓(𝑎)=2𝑎+1 and 𝑔(𝑎)=3𝑎−3. Find 𝑓(𝑎)+𝑔(𝑎)

A.5𝑎−2
B. −5𝑎+2
C. −2𝑎+1
D.−6𝑎−1
19. g(𝑥)= 2𝑥−4 and ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥−7 Find (𝑔+ℎ)
(3).

A.-7
B. 1
C. -1
D.8
Often, you are asked to evaluate operations on functions
where you must substitute some given value into the
combined functions. Consider the following.
20. 𝑓(𝑥)= 6𝑥2+ 7𝑥+2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 5𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 1, find (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥).
KCC

A.𝑥2+ 8𝑥 + 3
B. 5𝑥2 + 8𝑥 – 1
C. 𝑥 + 6𝑥 – 1
2

D. 𝑥 + 8𝑥 −1
21. 𝑓(𝑥)= 𝑥−8 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥+3, Find 𝑓(𝑥) • 𝑔(𝑥)
FOIL METHOD

A.𝑥2+24
B. 𝑥2−5𝑥+24
C. 𝑥 −5𝑥−24
2

D.𝑥2+5𝑥+24
22. Given ℎ(𝑥)=𝑥−6 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠(𝑥)=𝑥2−13𝑥+42. Find (𝑥).

A.
B. 𝑥−7
C.
D. 𝑥−6
23. 𝑔(𝑥)=6𝑥−7 and ℎ(𝑥)=5𝑥−1, Find 𝑔(ℎ(𝑥))

A.−9𝑥+11
B. 9𝑥2+4𝑥
C. 30𝑥+13
D.30𝑥−13
 Another way to combine two functions to create a new
function is called the composition of functions . In the
composition of functions we substitute an entire function
into another function.

 The notation of the function f with g is (f∘g)(x) = f(g(x)) and

is read f of g of x . It means that wherever there is an x in
the function f , it is replaced with the function g(x) . The
domain of f∘g is the set of all x in the domain of g such
that g(x) is in the domain of f .
24. Given ℎ(𝑥)=5𝑥−63, determine ℎ(13)

A.-3
B. 2
C. 1
D. -1
25. Let 𝑓(𝑥)=3𝑥2−𝑥+5, find 𝑓(𝑥+1)

A.3𝑥2+5𝑥+5
B. 3𝑥2+5𝑥+8
C. 3𝑥 −𝑥+9
2

D.3𝑥2+5𝑥+9
26. Which of the following expresses the total
earnings (E) as a function of the number (n) of days
if a laborer works and earning ₱400.00 per day?

A. E(n) = 400 + n
B. E(n) = 400 ÷ n
C. E(n) = 400(n)
D. E(n) = 400 – n
27. If the temperature in degrees Celsius inside the Earth is represented by T(d) = 10d +
20 where (d) is the depth in kilometers, what is the temperature inside the Earth in 10
kilometers?

A.40℃
B. 50℃
C. 120℃
D.180℃
28. Rational expression can be described as a function where either the numerator,
denominator or both have variable on it. Below are examples of rational expression EXCEPT

A.
B.
C.
Rational Expression
A rational expression can be written in the form

where A and B are polynomials and B ≠ 0.

Examples
29. Complete the table using the equation f(x) =
x 1 2 3 4
f(x) 0 ?

A.
B.
C. 3
D.5
 30. In the coordinate system, the y-value is called ________.

A.abscissa
B. ordinate
C. quadrant
D.slope
 The Rectangular Coordinate System
The x- and y-axes break the plane into four regions called quadrants,
named using roman numerals I, II, III, and IV, as pictured. In quadrant I, both
coordinates are positive. In quadrant II, the x-coordinate is negative and the y-
coordinate is positive. In quadrant III, both coordinates are negative. In
quadrant IV, the x-coordinate is positive and the y-coordinate is negative.
Example 1: Plot the ordered pair (coordinates) (−3, 5) and determine the
quadrant in which it lies.
Solution: The coordinates x=−3 and y=5 indicate a point 3 units to the left of
and 5 units above the origin.
SLOPE – STEEPNESS OF A
LINE
31. In the linear form y = 2x + 3, which is the independent variable?

A.b
B. m
C. x
D.y
32. In a set of ordered pairs (1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5), (5,6), the domain D = ________
The domain is the set of all possible x-values

A.{1,2,3,4,5}
B. {2,3,4,5,6}
C. {6,5,4,3,2}
D.{1,2,3,4,5,6}
33. Which of the following is the set of all
values that the variable x can take?

A.Range
B. Intercept
C. Domain
D.Zeroes
Zeroes are also known as X-intercepts, solutions or
roots of functions. They are the X values where the
height of the function is zero.
The x-intercept is the point where a line crosses the
x-axis, and the y-intercept is the point where a line
crosses the y-axis.
The range is the resulting y-values we get after
substituting all the possible x-values.
34. What is the domain of f(x) =𝑥−3𝑥+3?

A. All real numbers

B. All real numbers except – 3
C. All real numbers except 3
D. Cannot be determined
DOMAIN
 The domain is the set of all possible x-values which will make the function
"work", and will output real y-values.
 In general, we determine the domain of each function by looking for those values
of the independent variable (usually x) which we are allowed to use.
When finding the domain:
1. The denominator (bottom) of a fraction cannot be zero
2. The number under a square root sign must be positive in this section.
Example: y=​:

The domain of this function is x≥−4, since x cannot be

less than −4
35. What value/s of x that will make the
function meaningless f(x) = ?

A.x = -1
B. x = 0
C. x = 1
D.All real numbers
36. Complete the sentence: The real numbers of
zeroes are also ____________ of the graph of
the function.
A.Asymptote
B. x – intercepts
C. y – intercepts
D.Range
37. Which of the following is the set of all
values that f(x) can take?
A.Range
B. Intercept
C. Domain
D.Zeroes
38. If the degree of the leading coefficient of
the numerator is equal to the degree of the
leading coefficient of the denominator of a
rational function, which of the following
statements has to be true?
A. The graph has no asymptote
B. The graph of the function has slant asymptote
C. The graph of the function has a horizontal asymptote
D. None of the above
KEY CONCEPTS
 Domain: The set of all input values (x) over which a function is defined.

 Range: The set of all output values (y) that the function takes.

 Asymptotes: A line that the graph of a function approaches, but never touches.
 Horizontal asymptotes of curves are horizontal lines that the graph of the
function approaches as x tends to +∞ or −∞. Horizontal asymptotes are
parallel to the x-axis.
 Vertical asymptotes are vertical lines near which the function grows without
bound. They are parallel to the y-axis.
 An asymptote that is neither horizontal or vertical is an oblique (or slant)
asymptote. These are diagonal lines so that the difference between the
curve and the line approaches 0 as x tends to +∞ or −∞.
 Finding Asymptotes:

VERTICAL ASYMPTOTES
There will be a vertical asymptote at any “illegal” x value, so anywhere that would make the denominator =
0

Note: The factors that are canceled when a rational function is reduced represent holes in the graph.
 HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTES
we compare the degrees of the polynomial in the numerator and the polynomial in the
denominator to tell us about horizontal asymptotes.

To determine horizontal or oblique asymptotes, compare the degrees of the numerator and
denominator.
1. If the degree of the top < the bottom, horizontal asymptote along the x axis (y = 0)
dn < dd→y = 0
2. If the degree of the top = bottom, horizontal asymptote at y = leading coefficient of top (a)
over leading coefficient of bottom (b).
dn = dd→y =
3. If the degree of the top > the bottom, oblique asymptote found by long division.
dn > dd→none
39. What is the horizontal asymptote of 𝑓(𝑥)= ?

A.y = 3
B. y = 0
C. y = - 2
D.y = - 3
40. What is the vertical asymptote of 𝑓(𝑥)=?

A.x = 5
B. x = 3
C. x = 1
D.x = 0
41. It is a rule which associates each element of set A with at least
one element in set B.

A.Function
B. Relation
C. Set – an organized collection of objects and can be represented
in set-builder form or roster form.

D.Subset - is a part of another set.

42. It is a rule which uniquely associates elements of one set A
with the elements of another set B; each element in set A maps to
a single element in set B

A.Function
B. Relation
C. Set
D.Subset
43. It associates two or more values of the independent (input)
variable with a single value of the dependent (output) variable.

A. One-to-one
B. One-to-many
C. Many-to-one
D. Many-to-many
TYPES OF FUNCTIONA BASED ON
ELEMENTS
44. A single x-value relates to only one
unique y-values.
A. One-to-one
B. One-to-many
C. Many-to-one
D. Many-to-many
45. Mabuhay National High School has its own School ID which is 143142 while other
school also has their own school ID. Which rule represent the given statement?

A. One-to-one
B. One-to-many
C. Many-to-one
D. Many-to-many
46. Which of the following does not represent one-to-one function?

A. My father to its child.

B. Facebook name to password.
C. Student’s Name to Learner’s Reference
number (LRN).
D. Cellphone Number to the owner.
47. Which is not related to the word “inverse”?

A.undo
B. opposite
C. delete
D.interchange
48. What is the inverse of addition?

A.division
B. multiplication
C. subtraction
D.composition
49. Which function/s has/have inverse function?

A.one-to-one
B. many-to-one
C. both
D.none
How do we know if an inverse function exists?

• Inverse functions only exist if the original function is one to one.

Otherwise it is an inverse relation and cannot be written as f-1(x).

• What does it mean to be one to one?

That there are no repeated y values.

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved. 81

50. What is the mathematical symbol for inverse of 𝑓(𝑥)?

A.
B. 𝑓(𝑥)−1
C. ′𝑓(𝑥)
D.𝑓−1(𝑥)
What is an Inverse?

An inverse relation is a relation that performs the

opposite operation on x (the domain).
Examples:
f(x) = x – 3 f-1(x) = x + 3
g(x) = x ,x≥0 g-1(x) = x2 , x ≥ 0
h(x) = 2x h-1(x) = ½ x
k(x) = -x + 3 k-1(x)= -(x – 3)

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved. 83

51. What is the inverse of 3x – 4?

A.3x + 4
B. 4x – 3
C.
To find an inverse…
• Switch the x’s and y’s.

• Solve for y.

• Change to functional notation.

Ex. 1: Find Inverse:
f (x)  8x  1
f ( x)  8 x  1
y  8x  1
x  8 y 1
8 y  x 1
x 1
y
8
x 1
f x  
1

8
52. Below is a sample of Venn diagram, what
figure doesn’t belong to the group? B
53. Suppose I am travelling at 50 miles per hour, and I want to know how I have gone in
x hours. Then, it can be represented by the function 𝑓( 𝑥)=50 𝑥. Find the inverse of the
function.

A.f-1(x) =
B. f (x) =
-1

C. f-1(x) =
D.f (x) =
-1
54. In the exponential function 𝑓(𝑥)=, x is the ____.

A. base
B. dependent variable
C. exponent
D. independent variable
 For example , y = has x as the base and 3 as the
power. Such function is known as power function.
Functions of the form y = , in which the base a is a
positive real number other than 1, and the exponent
is variable are known as exponential functions.
55. Which of the following is an exponential function?

A.𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥 +3𝑥−4 - Quadratic 2

B.𝑓(𝑥)=2𝑥−3𝑥+4 - Linear
C.𝑓(𝑥)=23 𝑥−4

D.𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥 +3𝑥−4 - Quadratic

2
56. Which of the given situations illustrates an exponential function?

A. The distance travelled varies directly as the

speed.
B. The area of a square is where s is the length
of the side of a square.
C. Radioactive material has a half-life of 1500
years.
D. As x increases, the value of y increases.
57. Solve 𝑓(𝑥)=2 , if 𝑥=−4.
𝑥

A.
B.
C.
D.
58. Which of the following graph represent a one-to-one function?
C
Horizontal Line Test
Used to test if a function is one-to one
If the line intersection more than once then it is not one to one.
Therefore there is no inverse function.
y
Example: The function (4, 7)
(0, 7)
y = x2 – 4x + 7 is not one-to-one
y=7
because a horizontal line can intersect
2
the graph twice. Examples points: (0, x
2
7) & (4, 7).

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved. 95

59. In the formula 𝐴=𝑃(1+𝑟) t ; what is P?

A. principal compounds
B. principal invested
C. principal time
D. principal year
Calculate compound interest using this formula:
nt
 r or
A  P 1  
 n
A—Total amount
p —principal
r —interest rate
n —number of compounding periods
(Annualy -1, Semi – annually -2, Quarterly – 4, Monthly - 12)
t —time in years
60. Which of the following statements modeled an exponential
growth?

A. The cost of pencils as a function of the number of

pencils.
B. The distance when a stone is dropped as a function
of time.
C. The distance of a swinging pendulum bob from the
center as a function of time.
D. The compound interest of the principal amount as a
function of time.
 SIMPLE INTEREST
DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Lender or Creditor - person (or institution) who invests the money or makes the funds
available
 Borrower or Debtor - person (or institution) who owes the money or avails of the funds from
the lender.
 Origin or Loan Date - date on which money is received by the borrower.
 Repayment date or Maturity Date - date on which the money borrowed or loan is to be
completely repaid.
 Time or Term (t) - amount of time in years the money is borrowed or invested; length of time
between the origin and maturity dates.
 Principal (P) - amount of money borrowed or invested on the origin date.
 Rate (r) - annual rate, usually in percent, charged by the lender, or rate of increase of the
investment.
 Interest(I) - amount paid or earned for the use of money.
 Simple Interest(Is) - interest that is computed on the principal and then added to it.
 Maturity Value or Future Value (F) - amount after t years that the lender receives from the
borrower on the maturity date.
Derived Formulas
There are other formulas that you have to be familiar with. These
formulas were all derived from I = Prt and F = P(1+rt).

P= t= r= P=
 Calculate compound interest using
this formula:
nt
 r or
A  P 1  
 n
A—Total amount
p —principal
r —interest rate
n —number of compounding periods
(Annualy -1, Semi – annually -2, Quarterly – 4, Monthly - 12)
t —time in years
 Calculate principal value using
this formula:
A
P nt
 r
1  
 n
or

A—Total amount
p —principal
A
log
r —interest rate t P
n —number of compounding periods  r
n[log 1  ]
(Annualy -1, Semi – annually -2,  n
Quarterly – 4, Monthly - 12)
t —time in years
Annuity
• Is a sequence of equal payments made regularly
(or periodically). Examples are monthly rents
and annual insurance premiums.
 Types of Annuity
ANNUITIES

According to payment SIMPLE ANNUITY GENERAL ANNUITY

interval and interest period An annuity where the payment An annuity where the payment is
interval is the same as the interest not the same as the interest period.
period.

According to time of payment ORDINARY ANNUITY ANNUITY DUE

(or Annuity Immediate) A type of annuity in which the
A type of annuity in which the payments are made at the
payments are made at the end of each beginning of each payment
payment interval. interval.

According to duration ANNUITY CERTAIN CONTINGENT ANNUITY

An annuity in which payments begin An annuity in which the payments
and end at definite times. extend over an indefinite (or
indeterminate) length of time.
Definition of Variables
General Annuity
• An annuity where the payment is not the same as the
interest period.

General Ordinary Annuity

A general annuity in which the periodic payment is made

at the end of the payment interval.
Finding the Future Value
Finding the Present Value
Finding the Periodic or Regular Payment
DEFERRED Annuity (delaying/postponement)
• An annuity that does not begin until a given time interval
has passed.

Period of Deferral
-time between the purchase of an annuity and the start
of the payments for the deferred annuity.
Period of Deferral

Artificial Payments (R*)

Artificial Payments – equal to regular payments but are not actually

paid during the period of deferral.
 What are stocks?

Stocks
 Stocks represents shares of ownership in a company. A share represents a unit
ownership of a corporation’s profits and assets. Ownership can be quantified
by dividing the number of shares owned by the number of shares issued.
Terminologies

 Dividend per share - ratio of the dividends to the number of shares.

 Stock Market – a place where stocks can be bought or sold. The stock market in
the Philippines is governed by the Philippine Stock Exchange(PSE).
 Market value – the current price of a stock at which it can be sold.
 Stock Yield Ratio- ratio of the annual dividend per share and the market value per
share. (Current Stock Yield)
 Par Value – the per share amount stated on the company certificate. Unlike market
value, it is determined by the company and remains stable over time.
 Types of Stocks
Common Stock Preferred Stock
 Represents a share of company’s asset  Holders of preferred stock, in most
and profit. Holders of common stock can cases, cannot vote. On the other hand,
vote in election of the board of directors they are guaranteed a fixed dividend
(normally one vote per share). before any dividends are distributed to
 The board of directors oversee the other shareholders.
management of the company, but do  In the event of bankruptcy and
not directly run the company. liquidation, shareholders of preferred
 Common Stock is high risk and high stocks are paid off after creditors and
return. Although common stocks yields before common shareholders.
higher return than other stocks,
common shareholders stand to lose
most when a company goes bankrupt.
Bonds
A bond is
a loan.