Review On Functions

Review on Functions
a. f= { ( 0,1),(2,-5),(4,-9),(6,13)}
b. R= { ( a, 0), ( b,-1),(c,0), (d,-11)}
c. g= (5,-10),(25,-75),(50,-100)
d. T= {(-2,0),(-1,1),(0,1),(-2,2)}
Solution
The Examples given in (a) and (b)
are functions since no two ordered
pairs have the same values of X
Example(c) is not a function as it
does not indicate a set. It is simply a
listing of ordered pairs.
Example (d) is not a function
because there are ordered pairs
having the same first element x
Exercises 1 Identify function or not
a. { (-1,1), (3, 4), (-9, 15), (4, 6)} =
b. { ( 0,2),(3,4), (-3,-2), (2,4) } =
b. { (-2,5),(-3,6),(-2,1),(-1,3) } =
Table of Values
- Is commonly observed when
describing a function
Examples
x 0 1 4 9 16
a.
Y -5 -4 -1 4 11
b. x -1 - 1/4 0 1/4 1
y -1 -1/2 0 1/2 1
 In the examples above, it can be

clearly seen that no two ordered
pairs have the same value of x.
A function can be expressed as a
correspondence or mapping of two
non empty sets.
F
x y
-3 0
1 2
5 8
b.
G
x y
-4 -3
-2
2 4
 In figure F is a function since each element in X

corresponds to unique element in Y However in
Figure G is not a function; Notice that the element
2 in X is mapped to two values of Y, which are – 3
and 4
The idea of a function can be also be
extended to real-life situations.
Example:
Plants rely on the amount of sunlight
and rainfall for growth.
Exercises
Identify whether the relationship that
exists between each of the following
pairs indicates a function or not.
a. A jeepney and its plate number
b. A student and his ID number
c. A teacher and his cellular phone.
d. A pen and the color of its ink.
Another way to determine functions
through their graphs.
Recall that in function, every value of
the independent variable, say X,
corresponds to a unique value of the
dependent varaible,Y Therefore any
vertical line drawn through the graph
of a function must intersect the graph
at exactly one point.
Which of the following graphs
illustrate a function.
Solution:
the graphs in (a) and (b) illustrate a
function. Notice that when a vertical
line is drawn over these graphs, the
line will intersect each graph at exactly
one point. On the other hand. The
graph in ( c) is not a function because
any vertical line will intersect the
graphs at two or three points.
Evaluating Functions
Function can be presented in a form of
an equation. The number assigned to a
given variable determines the values
of the function at that number.
Example 1: Let f be function defined
by f(x)=5x-3
a. f(-2) b. f( ½) c. f(3)+f(-
3)
Solution: Replace the variable X in
the equation by the given value of X in
each item, Then simplify.
a. f(-2)=5(-2)-3= -13
b. f(1/2) = 5 (1/2) -3
= 5/2-3
= - 1/2
c. f(3)+f(-3)
= [ 5(3)-3] + [5(-3)-3]
for x=3 for x=-3

= (15-3) + (-15-3)
= 12 + (-18)
= -6
d. f(-1)/f(4) now try to answer this
by using equation f(x)=5x-3
Solution
f(-1)/f(4)
= 5(-1)-3/5(4)-3
= - 8/17
Example 2: let f(x)=3x²-x+5.
a. f( ¾) b. f(x+1) c. f(x)+f(2x-
1)
Solution
a. f(3/4) = 3(3/4)²-3/4+5
= 3 ( 9/16) – 3/4+ 5
= 27/16-3/4+5
= 95/16 or 5 15/16
b. f(x+1)=3(x+1)²-(x+1)+5
= 3(x²+ 2x+1) – (x+1)+5
= 3x²+ 6x+3-x-1+5
= 3x²+ 5x+7
c. f(x)+f(2x-1)
= (3x²-x+5) + [3(2x-1)²-(2x-1)+5]
= 3x²-x+5 + [ 3(4x²-4x+1)-2x+1+5]
= 3x²- x+5 + 12x²-12x+3-2x+6
= 15x²-15x+14
Example 3:
a. f(x)= 2×ˉ², f(x-2)

Solution
= 2(x-2)ˉ²
= 2xˉ4
b. Let H(x)=√x-2
a. H(2)= b. H(-3) c. H(-1/2)

Solution
a. H(2)=√2-2=0
b. H(-3)=√-3-2
= √-5
Since the radicand is negative, √-5 is
not real number therefore. H is not
defined for x=-3
c. H(-1/2) = √ -1/2-2=√-5/2
H is not defined for x = -1/2
Example 3 Let G(x)= x+3/x²-1
a. G(-1) b. G(1) c. G(0)
Solution:
b. G(-1) = -1+3/(-1)²-1
= 2/0
The denominator cannot be 0,
therefore G is not defined for x=-1
b. G(1) = 1+3/1²-1
= 4/0
G is also not defined for x=1. since
the denominator is equal to 0
c. G(0) = 0+3/0-1
= -3
Note that x²-1=0 for both x=-1 and
x=1 So, G(-1) and G(1) both do not
exist.
Exercises
1. Let g(x)= 3x²-4x-3 find
a. g(4) b. g(5)-g(3.5) c. g(-2)
2. Suppose f(x)=7x+4 Determine the

value of x such that.
a. f(x)=46 b. f(x)=-52 c. f(x)=6/5

Domain and Range Functions
There are two important sets when
dealing with functions. These sets are
called the Domain and the Range of
the function.
As we recall that function is set of
ordered pairs (x,y) the set of all
possible x-values (abscissa) is called
the domain of the function while the
set of the function of all possible y-
values( ordinate) is called the range.
Example 1. Determine the domain
and range of the following functions.
a. A={(1,2),(2,3),(3,4)}
b. S={(6,2),(4,2),(2,2)}
c. x -4 -1 3 6 9
y 16 1 9 36 81
d.
-4 -3
5 -2
2 4
Solution:
a. Domain={1,2,3}
Range = { 2,3,4}
b. Domain = { 2,4,6}
Range = {2}
c. Domain = { -4,-1,3,6,9 }
Range = { 1,9,16,36,81 }
d. Domain= {-4,2,5 }
Range = { -3,-2,4 }
Example 2:
a. y=2x-3
b. Y=x²
c. Y=2
Solution:
a. This polynomial function. Since
polynomial are defined functions are
defined or exist in any real number. So
the domain is { x|x is a real number
and the range is { y|y is a real number
}
b. The domain is the set of real
numbers. Notice that the value of
y will never be negative.
Therefore, the range is the set of
all real numbers greater than or
equal to 0.
c. f(x)=2 is an example of a
constant function. The value of the
function is always equal to 2 for
any value of the independent
variable x.
Exercises:
Determine the domain and range of
each of the following functions.
1. A = {(2,4),(3,2),(1,5)}
2. E= {(-1,2),(2,3),(3,4)}
3. C= {(1,3),(2,3),(3,3)}
4.
x 10 4 6 8 2
y 4 6 12 18 16
5.
3 2
5 8
1 4
6. F= {(3,2),(3,4),(3,6)}
Operations on Functions
- You can obtain a new function by
adding, subtracting, multiplying and
dividing functions.
Given two functions f and g
a. Their sum, denoted by f + g, is the
function defined by (f+g)(x)=f(x)+g(x)
b. their difference, denoted by f-g, is the
function defined by (f-g)(x)=f(x)-g(x)
c. Their product, denoted by f.g is the
function defined by (f.g)(x)= f(x).g(x)
d. Their quotient, denoted by f/g, is the
function defined by ( f/g) (x) = f(x)/g(x)
Example
Given that f(x)=2x²+ x-3 and g(x)=x-1,
find the following and determine the
domain of the resulting function.
a. (f+g)(x) b.(f-g)(x) c.(f.g)(x)
d.(f/g)(x)
Solution:
b. (f+g)(x)= (2x²+ x-3)+(x-1)
= 2x²+2x-4
The domain of(f-g)(x) is the set of real
numbers
b. (f-g)(x)=(2x²+x-3)-(x-1)
= 2x²-2
The domain of (f-g)(x) is the set of real
numbers.
c. (f.g)(x)=(2x²+x-3)(x-1)
= 2x³- x²-3
The domain of (f.g)(x) is the set of real
numbers.
d. (f/g)(x) = 2x²+x-3 /x-1
= (2x+3)(x-1)/ X-1
= 2x+3
the domain of ( f/g) (x) is the set of
real numbers except 1.
Exercises
If f(g) 3x²+x-2 and g(x) = x-1
a. (f+g)(x) b. (f-g)(x) c. (f.g)(x) d. (f/g)

(x)

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Review on Functions

 In the examples above, it can be

 In figure F is a function since each element in X

for x=3 for x=-3

a. f(x)= 2×ˉ², f(x-2)

a. H(2)= b. H(-3) c. H(-1/2)

a. G(-1) b. G(1) c. G(0)

a. g(4) b. g(5)-g(3.5) c. g(-2)

2. Suppose f(x)=7x+4 Determine the

a. f(x)=46 b. f(x)=-52 c. f(x)=6/5

a. (f+g)(x) b. (f-g)(x) c. (f.g)(x) d. (f/g)

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