CHAPTER 1:

THE PROBLEM AND ITS

BACKGROUND
Presentation by Kim Nicole Vargas
BSED MATH Y3
Research in Mathematics OLLC
 • INTRODUCTION
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• THEORETICAL/CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
CONTENT • STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
• HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY
• OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS
• SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
SIGNIFICANCE A research paper introduction is an essential part of
OF THE STUDY academic writing that explains the paper’s main topic and
prepares the reader for the rest of the paper. After reading
the introduction, the reader should know what the paper is
THEORETICAL/
about, what point it’s trying to make, and why it matters.
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
The role of the research paper introduction is to make sure
the reader understands all the necessary preliminary
STATEMENT OF information before they encounter the discoveries presented
THE PROBLEM in the body of the research paper. Learning how to write an
introduction is an important part of knowing how to write a
research paper.
HYPOTHESIS OF
THE STUDY
 TIPS AND GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
• The background of the study is part of the
introduction.
SIGNIFICANCE • Utilize the deductive method of paragraph
OF THE STUDY development.
• Do not place or use too much references or
THEORETICAL/ citations.
CONCEPTUAL • The first few paragraphs may contain and discuss
FRAMEWORK the following:
• The background of your research topic.
• Introduce the issue that you will be investigating.
STATEMENT OF • The effect and development of the issue.
THE PROBLEM • Who are affected by the issue.
• Present articles or legal basis proving that this
issue exist and does affect the respondents.
HYPOTHESIS OF
• The last paragraph of the introduction should be
THE STUDY
the rationale of the study. This should present the
reason for choosing the topic and conducting the
study.
INTRODUCTION

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

THEORETICAL/
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK

STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS OF
THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

THEORETICAL/
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK

STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS OF
THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

THEORETICAL/
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK

STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS OF
THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

THEORETICAL/
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK

STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS OF
THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

THEORETICAL/
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK

STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS OF
THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIO
N
SIGNIFICANCE
The significance of a study is its importance. It refers to the
OF THE STUDY
contribution(s) to and impact of the study on a research field.
The significance also signals who benefits from the research
THEORETICAL/ findings and how.
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK It explains why the research is valuable, relevant, and
important to the academic or scientific community,
STATEMENT OF policymakers, or society at large.
THE PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS OF
THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY HOW TO WRITE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF
THE STUDY
THEORETICAL/
• Start with the introductory statement.
CONCEPTUAL
• Discuss potential benefits
FRAMEWORK
• Specify the target audience or those
who will benefit from your study.
STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS OF
THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION EXAMPLE

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

THEORETICAL/
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK

STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS OF
THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION EXAMPLE

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

THEORETICAL/
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK

STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS OF
THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION EXAMPLE

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

THEORETICAL/
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK

STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS OF
THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
The theoretical or conceptual framework in research provides a
structure for understanding and analyzing the relationships between
variables, concepts, or ideas within a study. It serves as a foundation
SIGNIFICANCE
that helps researchers develop a coherent and systematic approach to
OF THE STUDY their investigation.

THEORETICAL/ Both terms are often used interchangeably, but they can have slightly
CONCEPTUAL different connotations:
Theoretical Framework:
FRAMEWRORK • A theoretical framework is based on existing theories or bodies of
knowledge in a particular field.
STATEMENT OF Conceptual Framework:
THE PROBLEM • A conceptual framework, on the other hand, is a less formal
structure that outlines the key concepts, variables, and
relationships in a study. It may not be based on existing theories
HYPOTHESIS OF but rather on the researcher's understanding of the study's
THE STUDY context.
INTRODUCTION DEFINITION
• A theory presents an explanation to understand a
phenomena while a concept is a general and abstract
SIGNIFICANCE idea.
OF THE STUDY • A framework is a guide and the foundation of a study.
• The flow and relationship of these variables will be
THEORETICAL/ adapted in the study, thus serves a s a guide in
CONCEPTUAL conducting a research.
FRAMEWRORK • If a theory was chosen as a basis for the study, this will
be referred to as a theoretical framework, while on the
STATEMENT OF other hand, if a concept is used in the study this will be
THE PROBLEM referred to as a conceptual framework.
• Present the title of the theory or concept, the author, and
HYPOTHESIS OF the idea behind it.
THE STUDY • Discuss the relevance of these study being conducted.
INTRODUCTION MAKING A THEORETICAL/CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
• Specify research objectives
SIGNIFICANCE • Note the prominent variables under the study.
OF THE STUDY • Explore and review the literature through keywords
identified as prominent variables.
THEORETICAL/ • Note the theories that contain these variables or
CONCEPTUAL keywords.
FRAMEWRORK • Review all selected theories again in the light of the
study’s objectives, and the key variable identified.
STATEMENT OF • Ensure that the frameworks aligns with the study’s
THE PROBLEM objectives, problem statement, the main research
question, data analysis, methodology, and the expected
conclusion.
HYPOTHESIS OF
• Decide on the final framework and begin developing.
THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

THEORETICAL/
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWRORK

STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS OF
THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

THEORETICAL/
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWRORK

STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS OF
THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

THEORETICAL/
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWRORK

STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS OF
THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

THEORETICAL/
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWRORK

STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS OF
THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

THEORETICAL/
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWRORK

STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS OF
THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

THEORETICAL/
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWRORK

STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS OF
THE STUDY
 DEFINITION
INTRODUCTION

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
A statement of the problem is
used in research work as a claim Writing a statement of the problem
THEORETICAL/ should help you clearly identify the
that outlines the problem
CONCEPTUAL addressed by a study. The purpose of the research you will propose.
FRAMEWOEK statement of the problem briefly Often, the statement of the problem will
also serve as the basis for the
addresses the question: What is
introductory section of your final
STATEMENT OF THE the problem that the research
proposal, directing your reader’s
will address?
PROBLEM attention quickly to the issues that your
proposed project will address and
providing the reader with a concise
HYPOTHESIS OF
statement of the proposed project itself.
THE STUDY
 DEFINITION
INTRODUCTION

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The goal of the Statement of the Problem is to
THEORETICAL/ transform a generalized problem into a targeted,
CONCEPTUAL well-defined problem.
FRAMEWOEK
A good research problem should address an existing
gap in knowledge in the field and lead to further
STATEMENT OF THE
research.
PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS OF
THE STUDY
 WRITING THE STATEMENT OF THE
INTRODUCTION PROBLEM

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

THEORETICAL/
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWOEK

STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS OF
THE STUDY
 EXAMPLE
INTRODUCTION

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

THEORETICAL/
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWOEK

STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM ?
?
HYPOTHESIS OF ?
THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION

A research hypothesis is a statement of expectation or prediction

SIGNIFICANCE that will be tested by research. In research, a hypothesis is a
OF THE STUDY specific and testable statement or proposition that predicts the
relationship between two or more variables. It is a key element of
the scientific method and is used to guide the investigation and
THEORETICAL/ analysis of data.
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWOEK

STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS
OF THE
STUDY
INTRODUCTION

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

THEORETICAL/
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWOEK

STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS
OF THE
STUDY
INTRODUCTION Structure of a Hypothesis: A hypothesis typically consists of two
parts:
SIGNIFICANCE
• Null Hypothesis (H0): The null hypothesis states that there is no
OF THE STUDY significant difference or relationship between the variables being
studied. It serves as a default assumption that researchers aim to test
THEORETICAL/ against.
• Alternative Hypothesis (Ha or H1): The alternative hypothesis is the
CONCEPTUAL
statement that contradicts the null hypothesis. It suggests that there is a
FRAMEWOEK
significant difference or relationship between the variables.

STATEMENT OF Example:
THE PROBLEM • Null Hypothesis (H0): "There is no significant difference in exam scores
between students who receive tutoring and those who do not."
• Alternative Hypothesis (Ha): "Students who receive tutoring will have
HYPOTHESIS significantly higher exam scores than those who do not."
OF THE
STUDY Researchers use statistical tests to analyze data and determine whether the
evidence supports rejecting the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative
hypothesis.
 EXAMPL
INTRODUCTION E

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

THEORETICAL/
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWOEK

STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS
OF THE
STUDY
 EXAMPL
INTRODUCTION E

SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY

THEORETICAL/
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWOEK

STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM

HYPOTHESIS
OF THE
STUDY
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
DEFINITION OF
TERMS
BACKGROUND The operational definition of terms specifically indicates or
presents a function or how the word or term was used in the
reseach
( which is not the same as getting the definition from the
dictionary).
SCOPE AND
DELIMITATIO
Operational means, how the word or term was used in the
N OF THE research.
STUDY
OPERATIONAL
DEFINITION OF HOW TO WRITE THE DEFINITION
TERMS
BACKGROUND OF TERMS
• Write a short introductory statement. This
briefly states the content of the definition of
terms.
SCOPE AND • Include and define terms that are important to
DELIMITATIO your study or are used frequently throughout
N OF THE your research but are not common knowledge.
STUDY • You also want to include terms that have a
unique meaning within the scope of your study.
 EXAMPLE
OPERATIONAL
DEFINITION OF
TERMS
BACKGROUND

SCOPE AND
DELIMITATIO
N OF THE
STUDY
 EXAMPLE
OPERATIONAL
DEFINITION OF
TERMS
BACKGROUND

SCOPE AND
DELIMITATIO
N OF THE
STUDY
 DEFINITION
OPERATIONAL
DEFINITION OF Scope refers to the range of the research project and the
TERMS study limitations set in place to define the boundaries of the
project and delimitation refers to the specific aspects of the
research project that the study will focus on.
In simpler words, scope is the breadth of your study, while
delimitation is the depth of your study.
SCOPE AND
DELIMITATIO The scope defines the parameters of the study, while
N OF THE delimitation sets the boundaries within those parameters. The
STUDY scope and delimitation of a study are usually established early
on in the research process and guide the rest of the project.
 SCOPE OF THE
OPERATIONAL
DEFINITION OF STUDY
• Discuss the impact of your study.
TERMS
• Discuss the evaluation of the population.
• Discuss the research timeline.

DELIMITATION OF THE
SCOPE AND
STUDY
• Narrow the scope of your research.
DELIMITATIO
N OF THE • Discuss the instrument and research method that is used
STUDY in the study.
• Discuss the time limitations of your study.
• Discuss delimitations on financial resources.
 EXAMPLE
OPERATIONAL SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE
DEFINITION OF STUDY
TERMS

SCOPE AND
DELIMITATIO
N OF THE
STUDY
OPERATIONAL
DEFINITION OF
TERMS

SCOPE AND
DELIMITATIO
N OF THE
STUDY
 THANK YOU

Research in Mathematics ollc