Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
FLORES INTEGRATED SCHOOL
San Manuel, Pangasinan

SELF - LEARNING MODULE IN

ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT
GRADE 11 2nd QUARTER WEEK 4

MELC: Uses principles of effective speech writing focusing on:

• Audience profile
• Logical organization
• Duration
• Word choice
• Grammatical correctness
K to 12 BEC CG: (EN11/12OC-IIcj24; EN11/12OCIIcj-25; EN11/12OC-IIcj25.1-25.5)

Objectives: At the end of the module, the students should be able to:
1. Differentiate the types of speech writing and process;
2. Identify principles of effective speech writing; and
3. Develop a sense of appreciation in giving accurate details.

Prepared by:

AUBREY ROSE R. MAGNO

SHS T-II

Checked and Noted by:

ROBERTO P. SOL, PhD

Principal I
I. INTRODUCTION
PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE WRITING
“The invention of writing is probably the most important tool for human advancement, making it
possible for each new generation to build upon the work of the previous, to transmit knowledge from
person to person, across cultures and time. “Donald Norman – Stanford University

Writing has been given great emphasis in the Philippine educational system since the
teaching and learning of English as a Second Language (ESL) support the aim of enhancing the
English competence of Filipino learners. Authorities agree that writing is one of the highest forms of
academic skills for it reflects a person’s level of language competence, concept development, and
abstraction (Saladino, 2009). It is endeavored by the Department of Education (DepEd) to improve
the academic performance of Filipino students by implementing the K to 12 Program as prescribed
by the Republic Act 10533 also known as the Enhanced Basic Education Act. The Senior High
School (SHS) curriculum of the K to 12 Program requires students to perform well academically.

Considerably, one of the indicators of academic success of SHS students is having effective
and comprehensive writing skills. This explains the offering different subjects that seek to enhance
language communication skills, such as academic writing. Some of these are English for Academic
and Professional Purposes (EAPP), Creative Writing, Research in Daily Life, and Practical
Research. In this connection, being a Senior High School student, you are also expected to improve
and demonstrate your writing skill in Oral Communication specifically in the field of speech writing.
In this lesson you will geared towards improving the skill through writing speech of different types.
The lessons herewith, are aimed at enabling you to perform the tasks with ease and confidence.

II. PRE-TEST: Conflict Story

Directions: Read and analyze the short story given by answering the questions based on the
given guidelines below. Choose one story that relates your experience.
STORY 1
You have a part time job at a store that sells Camping and Hiking supplies. When you
are not helping customers, you work in a small shred office, tracking inventory. Your co-worker
is a neat curiosity, and you are not. For the last couple of weeks, when you go to help a
customer, your co-worker cleans up your desk and the space around it. You have trouble finding
the things he puts away and it is frustrating to have to look for them before you can start working
when you return to the office.
STORY 2
You are team of 4 in your group during Immersion day. You were tasked to do the following:
Clean and mop the floors, windows, wash the dishes and frying pans. Fix every corner of the
classroom and make sure it is order before leaving the Home Economic Laboratory. You noticed
three of your group directly rushed to go home after knowing it rained hard. So, the emptying of
trash and tidying the plates used aren’t in place. And now, you are concerned for the whole
team for the consequences will happen after.

1. How will you start the conversation?

2. How will you describe the problem?

 3. What do you hope the discussion will achieve?
4. How would you end the conversation if the conflict were resolved?

III.

DISCUSSION
THE SPEECH WRITING PROCESS
Just like events planning, or any other activities, writing an effective speech follows certain
steps or processes. The process for writing is not chronological or linear; rather, it is recursive. That
means you have the opportunity to repeat a writing procedure indefinitely or produce multiple drafts
first before you can settle on the right one. Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram.

The following are the components of the speech writing process.

AUDIENCE PROFILE
• Audience analysis entails looking into the profile of your target audience. This is done so you
can tailor-fit your speech content and delivery to your audience. The profile includes the following
information.
 Demography (age range, male-female ratio, educational background and affiliations
or degree program taken, nationality, economic status, academic or corporate
designations)
 Situation (time, venue, occasion, and size)
 Psychology (values, beliefs, attitudes, preferences, cultural and racial ideologies, and
needs)

LOGICAL ORGANIZATION

 Writing patterns, in general, are structures that will help you organize the ideas related to
your topic. Examples are biographical, categorical/topical, causal, chronological,
comparison/contrast, problem-solution, and spatial.
 PATTERN DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES
Biographical Presents Specific To inform my audience about my
descriptions of your Purpose grandfather, the late former
life or of a person, President Ramon Magsaysay
famous or not Specific Describing the life and works of my
Topic grandfather, the late former
President Ramon Magsaysay
Categorical/ Presents related Specific To persuade the community
Topical categories Purpose members to reduce, reuse, and
supporting the recycle as means of eliminating
topic garbage and protecting the
environment
Specific Why the community members
Topic should promote reducing, reusing,
and recycling
Causal Presents cause Specific To inform my audience on the
effect relationships Purpose effects of overeating
Specific Explaining the possible effects of
Topic overeating to one’s health
Chronological Presents the idea Specific To inform my audience about the
in time order Purpose significant events in the 1986 EDSA
Revolution or People Power
Specific Describing the significant events
Topic before, during, and after the 1986
EDSA Revolution or People Power
Comparison/ Presents Specific To persuade the audience that living
contrast comparison/ Purpose in the Philippines is better than
contrast of two or living in Australia
three points Specific Explaining why the Philippines is
Topic more habitable than Australia
Problem- Presents an Specific To persuade the audience to
solution identified problem, Purpose support the educational programs of
its causes, and the national government
recommended Specific Explaining the reasons for
solutions Topic supporting the government’s
educational programs seen as the
primary means of increasing the
literacy rate in the Philippines
DURATION
HOW LONG SHOULD YOUR SPEECH BE?
(From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-ezFqSqOPo)
Your goal should be to communicate information in a memorable way that is useful to your
audience. Now there was a major study done by the U.S. Defense Department in 1974 on length of
speeches. And their conclusion was that the optimum length of a speech is 17.5 minutes. If you are
incredibly boring, two minutes is too long. People are falling asleep.
On the other hand, if you are incredibly interesting and memorable and giving useful
information, as a speaker you can captivate an audience from 10:00 in the morning to midnight.
Your goal should not be some arbitrary length. Your goal should be what are the handful of ideas
that are really important to you, that you can make memorable to your audience? And how can you
use that time through examples, stories, case studies, pictures, handouts, to make those ideas
come alive. Because if it is an important idea for you, and it's important to your audience, they will
listen to you for hours. Now all things being equal, if you are going to be boring, it is better to be
boring for three minutes than for an hour and three minutes. But that is not the choice. The choice is
between boring and interesting and relevant. The advice is to forget about the time. Instead, focus
on the ideas that you want your audience to know. Then focus on all the ways that you can make it
memorable.
Now there are occasions when you are given a strict time limit. A financial presentation at a
conference, and no one is allowed more than 15 minutes. Make sure you rehearse with a timer and
get it down. But just because you have less time, does not mean speak faster, or strip out
 examples. That is not the solution. Remember, focus on the ideas for your audience and the
time will generally take care of itself.

WORD CHOICE
Your purpose is to make your audience see what you saw, hear what you heard, feel what
you felt. Relevant detail, couched in concrete, colorful language, is the best way to recreate
the incident as it happened and to picture it for the audience. ~ Dale Carnegie

Word Choice is the use of rich, colorful, precise language that communicates not just in a
functional way, but in a way that moves and enlightens the reader. In good descriptive writing,
strong word choice paints pictures in the reader’s mind. In informational writing, strong word choice
clarifies, explains, and expands ideas. In persuasive writing, strong word choice compels the
reader to see things clearly and, sometimes to agree with the reader. Effective word choice is
characterized not so much by exceptional vocabulary as by the ability to use everyday language
naturally and in a fresh or unexpected way.

GRAMMATICAL CORRECTNESS
As we all know, language is constituted by Vocabulary and Grammar. According to Jeremy
Harmer grammar is the system that describes the possibilities to what extent a particular word can
be changed or combined into sentences. Inevitably, grammar seems to be an essential part of the
language accusation.

Grammatical correctness is what usually meant by employer looking for communication skills
from employees. It is a must for all kinds of writers. When writing, it is vital that you check to see
that you have corrected any grammatical errors. The four areas to check when checking for
grammatical correctness are spelling (formation words with letters according to the principles
underlying accepted usage), punctuation (the use of certain marks to clarify meaning of
written material by grouping words grammatically into sentences and clauses and phrases),
grammar (in linguistics, the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and
sometimes also deals with semantics) and style (way of expressing ideas through language.

Below are the major parts of a speech that equally requires grammatical correctness:

 The introduction is the foundation of your speech. Here, your primary goal is to get the
attention of your audience and present the subject or main idea of your speech.
 The body of the speech provides explanations, examples, or any details that can help you
deliver your purpose and explain the main idea of your speech.
 The conclusion restates the main idea of your speech. Furthermore, it provides a summary,
emphasizes the message, and calls for action.

EXAMPLE/ILLUSTRATION:

Introduction: Use a real-life experience and connect that experience to your subject. Use
practical examples and explain their connection to your subject. Start with a familiar or strong
quote and then explain what it means. Tell a personal story to illustrate your point.

Body of speech: Present real-life or practical examples. Show statistics. Share ideas from the
experts or practitioners

Conclusion: Begin your conclusion with a restatement of your message. Use positive
examples, encouraging words, or memorable lines from songs or stories familiar to your
audience. Ask a question or series of questions that can make your audience reflect or ponder
Some Guidelines in Speech Writing:

1. Keep your words short and simple. Your speech is meant to be heard by your audience, not
read.
2. Avoid jargon, acronyms, or technical words because they can confuse your audience.
 3. Make your speech more personal. Use the personal pronoun “I,” but take care not to overuse it.
When you need to emphasize collectiveness with your audience, use the personal pronoun
“we.”
4. Use active verbs and contractions because they add to the personal and conversational tone of
your speech.
5. Be sensitive of your audience. Be very careful with your language, jokes, and nonverbal cues.
6. Use metaphors and other figures of speech to effectively convey your point.
7. Manage your time well; make sure that the speech falls under the time limit.

Editing/Revising your written speech involves correcting errors in mechanics, such as grammar,
punctuation, capitalization, unity, coherence, and others. Andrew Dlugan (2013), an award-winning
public speaker, lists six power principles for speech editing.
Edit for focus. “So, what’s the point? What’s the message of the speech?” Ensure that
everything you have written, from introduction to conclusion, is related to your central
message.
Edit for clarity. “I don’t understand the message because the examples or supporting
details were confusing.” Make all ideas in your speech clear by arranging them in logical
order (e.g., main idea first then supporting details, or supporting details first then main idea).
Edit for concision. “The speech was all over the place; the speaker kept talking endlessly
as if no one was listening to him/her.” Keep your speech short, simple, and clear by
eliminating unrelated stories and sentences and by using simple words.
Edit for continuity. “The speech was too difficult to follow; I was lost in the middle.” Keep
the flow of your presentation smooth by adding transition words and phrases.
Edit for variety. “I didn’t enjoy the speech because it was boring.” Add spice to your speech
by shifting tone and style from formal to conversational and vice-versa, moving around the
stage, or adding humor.
Edit for impact and beauty. “There’s nothing really special about the speech.”
Make your speech memorable by using these strategies: surprise the audience, use vivid
descriptive images, write well-crafted and memorable lines, and use figures of speech.

IV. POST TEST

Directions: Choose and write the letter of the best answer in a paper.
1. What is the first step in speech writing?
A. Determining the purpose
B. Selecting a topic
C. Analyzing the audience
D. Rehearsing the piece
2. Which of the following is not a power principle in speech editing?
A. Edit for focus
B. Edit for clarity
C. Edit for continuity
D. Edit for harmony
3. This refers to the stage in speech writing when a writer chooses a structure for his/her
speech.
A. Choosing a writing pattern
B. Data gathering
C. Editing
D. Outlining
4. Which of the following is not an effective strategy in writing a speech?
A. Avoiding jargon
B. Being sensitive to your audience.
C. Writing whatever comes to mind
D. Using contractions

5. Which part of the speech restates the main idea?

A. Body
B. Conclusion
 C. Introduction
D. Transition
6. Which of the following is an effective speech writing technique?
A. Always be formal
B. Pause to emphasize words
C. Rarely look the audience in the eye
D. Use filler words to avoid dead air
7. Which of the following elements of communication refers to the information or ideas
conveyed by the speaker?
A. Channel
B. Context
C. Message
D. Receiver
8. Which model depicts communication as linear?
A. Inventive model
B. Schramm model
C. Shannon-Weaver model
D. Transaction model
9. Which function of communication is served when people’s feelings are being involved?
A. Control
B. Emotional expression
C. Information dissemination
D. Social interaction
10. Which barrier is characterized by a set of vocabulary in a certain field?
A. Emotional barrier
B. International profession
C. Jargon
D. Specialized field of expertise

PERFORMANCE #4: Practice writing makes you perfect!

DIRECTIONS: Choose one topic below and write a speech on the degrading moral situation of the present
form of society. Put it on a paper or coupon bond.
1. “Newspapers and Electronics media work as the face of different political parties”. Write a speech
either in for or against the topic.
2. Write a speech on the 5 things you want to change about our country.

REFERENCES:
A. Books
Department of Education. 2016. Oral Communication in Context. 839 EDSA, South Triangle,
Quezon City, Philippines: C & E Publishing, Inc.
Venus Ma. Hilaria G. Pablo, 2016. Oral Communication. Bagong Pook, Lipa City, Batangas:
Scolaire Publishing.
B. Online Source
ADM Modules
https://drive.google.com/drive/mobile/folders/1shilyflnsXW6Thz-P0b4otJuferPkQDV?usp=sharing
KEY ANSWER
PRETEST
Answers may vary
POST TEST
1. C 9. B
2. D 10. C
3. B
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. D